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Natural gas cycle

The distribution is one of the stages of the so-called natural gas cycle, which begins with the extraction of gas stored in reservoirs (prior identification thereof by exploration) and continues with the treatment of the gas in order to ensure safety and quality standards, which also contributes to facilitate subsequent storage, transport and distribution operations.

It can be transported in two ways:

1. In gaseous form through international pipelines.

2. In liquid state (LNG - liquefied natural gas) in methane vessels. In this case, in order for the gas to be transported in a liquid state, it must first pass a liquefaction process, cooling it to a temperature of -160 °.

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Natural gas as energy

Cleansed
Natural gas is a colorless, odorless, non-toxic and lighter product than air. It is consumed as it is extracted from the earth and must be odorized in order to be identified by the consumer.

It is a cleaner conventional energy source and is part of fossil fuels that generate less emissions and offer safe energy. It is the only one that can reconcile economic and industrial progress with the preservation of the environment, since its combustion produces a much lower percentage of carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide, without emitting solid particles or ashes and emissions Sulfur dioxide are null variables, compared to other energy sources such as coal and oil and their derivatives. Therefore, it is committed to its use in urban transport, as it contributes to reducing environmental pollution, and the possibility of its use as a fuel in maritime transport is studied.

insurance
Natural gas as a source of energy is characterized by its safety at two levels. In its domestic and industrial use, natural gas is completely safe when good use and maintenance of the facilities is observed.

Security in terms of supply is also basic. In the Spanish gas system, security of supply is strengthened as it provides up to 11 different markets being one of the most diversified in Europe. The supply, in addition, of a double route of entry, either by pipeline or transported as liquefied gas, provides added security to the system and guarantees the constant supply of natural gas to the system.

Efficient
Thanks to the development of new technologies, natural gas has become one of the most versatile energy sources. Not only can it be used in the home, commerce and industry, but, in addition, the implementation of applications such as cogeneration processes and electricity production with combined cycles, is giving new impetus to the sector.

All this makes natural gas the source of energy that is emerging as more compatible and flexible with the new renewable energies that are currently available and become the best energy alternative by serving as a transition to other sources such as hydrogen and energy of fusion.

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This scientific article examines the energy and environmental properties of the China Snow Breweries Resources Distributed Energy System project in Sichuan Province, China, which is the first Distributed Energy System project to provide electricity to the grid in China. So far, the authors of this document are the first to evaluate this unique project and provide political guidance for more projects.

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It is indicated that the life cycle analysis allows estimating and evaluating the environmental impact caused by a product or service, as it passes through its different stages of life. Because these products or services consume resources and emit substances to the environment by modifying it.

The life of a product begins in the design and development of the product and ends with the reuse and recycling activities, its stages are:

* Acquisition of raw materials: Materials are required to produce the product combined with energy for the process.

* Process and manufacturing: Transforms raw materials and energy to produce the product.

* Distribution and transportation: Transfer of the final product to the customer.

* Recycling: It begins when the product fulfills its function and is recycled is recycled, through the same product system or enters a new product system.

* Waste management: It begins when the product meets its useful life and is returned to the environment as waste.

The life cycle analysis serves as support for Ecodesign, Ecolabelling and Environmental Declarations of products.

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Within the article important points stand out, these are:

Conducts studies in relation to distributed energy applied to green buildings.

It uses the calculation of the VPN with which the results of using heat and electricity are evaluated.

In projects where renewable energy is used, the cost of fuels and emissions to the atmosphere are small and have little impact. Therefore, the Life Cycle Analysis in energy projects must be supported in renewable energies.

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The article indicates that an analysis of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions (GEI) is performed, based on energy projects where Distributed Energy System is used. Where these projects generate Heat, Electricity and Refrigeration.

Distributed Energy Systems projects where gas is used as a generating source, uses 7% more energy at the entrance, but during its life cycle this type of projects reduces energy consumption and emissions by 8% of GEI are reduced by 38%.

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Projects that use renewable energy are useful based on the climatic conditions of each region where they want to implement and the life cycle analysis of power generation projects.

Based on the above, the article indicates that projects where energy is generated from renewable energy is important for the future; with the focus of offering alternatives to reduce GEI emissions. This type of projects focuses on the energy of the Biomass, which saves 31% of energy consumption during its life cycle; wind power reduces energy consumption by 35% and a 35% reduction in GEI emissions.

Therefore, it is highlighted that projects where natural gas is used are successful projects and that may have a greater demand in the future, during this life cycle this type of projects reduces energy consumption and energy consumption by 8%. GEI emissions are reduced by 38%.

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Renewable energy
The best way to generate clean energy and reduce emissions of pollutants into the environment is by using renewable sources, which is only enough to give a transformation according to what is needed.

In nature we can find a variety of inexhaustible sources from which to extract energy. Below, we list the different types of renewable energy that exist:

Solar energy
Solar energy is what we get from the sun. Solar radiation is absorbed through solar panels and transformed into electricity that can be stored or dumped into the electricity grid. There is also thermoelectric solar energy, which is that which uses solar radiation to heat a fluid (which can be water), until it generates steam, and drives a turbine that generates electricity.

Wind power
In this case the electricity generation is carried out with the force of the wind. The windmills that are in the wind farms are connected to electricity generators that convert the wind into blades into electrical energy.

Hydroelectric power
Hydro or hydropower is another of the best known alternative energies. It uses the force of water in its course to generate electrical energy and is normally produced in dams.

Biomass
This alternative energy is one of the most economical and ecological ways to generate electricity in a thermal power plant. It consists of the combustion of organic waste of animal and plant origin. With biodegradable product, such as sawdust, bark and everything that can go "to the brown container", you can press a fuel that ignites the fire as a tinder, being replaceable coal with this product and, on a large scale, can be used for renewable energy production.

Biogas
Biogas is an alternative energy produced by biodegradating organic matter, through microorganisms, in specific devices without oxygen, thus generating a combustible gas that is used to produce electrical energy.

Sea power
The tidal wave or wave according to whether it takes advantage of the force of the tides or the waves, is the production of energy (electric) thanks to the force of the sea.

Geothermal energy
Alternative energy that is born in the heart of the earth, geothermal energy is that which takes advantage of the high temperatures of deposits under the earth's surface (usually volcanic) for the generation of energy through heat, since they are usually at 100 or 150 degrees Celsius .

It is worth noting that of the energy sources previously named the most economical and with the best results in the continuous improvement of the environment are Biomass and Wind Energy.

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Projects to generate energy in populations must focus on the future in the use of renewable energy, because they are more efficient and environmentally friendly. These energy projects are characterized by the low cost of the fuel used and the emissions to the atmosphere are small. Therefore, the application of the Life Cycle Analysis is of vital importance for these projects, since it is based on renewable energy, maintaining a cycle free of negative pollutants in the environmental environment where these energy projects will operate.

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Life cycle analysis is based on five stages according to ISO 14040:2015. These five stages aim to identify and analyse every impact generated by a product or service from the extraction of raw material for its creation to its elimination or wastes managment.

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Life Cycle Assessment is great tool for sustainability, especially in terms of energy because it allows us to determinate how efficient a energy production system is, and so we can determinate if is renewable energy systems are useful and efficient in our location becasuse as we may know and as the article describes the solar and wind energy systems depends on phisical conditions like wheater, seasonality, etc.

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For it, they compared natural gas based system to each of the other five systems they created and found that natural gas was more efficient than traditional energy system (coal + grid electricity) even though it's energy consumption was higher than traditional's, but in terms of Life-Cycle Analysis it was 8% more energy consumption efficient and reduced GHG emissions by 34%. Compared to coal energy sources it was way more efficient.

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The article read aims to show the efficiency of natural gas based Distributed Energy System projects compared to other energy sources. That is why authors decided to study a brewery which had a natural gas based energy system.

They created 5 more systems so they could compare which is more efficient in terms of energy consumption and GHG emission. They used Life-Cycle Analysis for their goal.

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In summary, natural gas based energy systems are a very good option because of its environmental and economic efficiency, that is why authors consider that policy makers should support this energy system.

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To verify whether the results are valid, the authors conducted a sensitivity analysis focused on COP of refrigeration and boiler efficiency.
The COP does not make a difference in the performance of the Distributed Energy System projects.
However, when boiler efficiency is set at 60%, a more modest number, the natural gas efficiency based projects as the base case is even more outstanding.

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A conclusion of the article is that Renewable energy technology provides alternatives to reduce GHG emission. Due to the environment of the project site, solar energy can hardly improve the performance. However, it’s possible to utilize biomass (byproduct of beer production) or wind power in the distant to improve the system. Thus, it shows renewable energy technology, especially the integrated use of biomass and wind power, has great potential in the development of Distributed Energy System projects.