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(1944) National Congress of American Indians

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(1944) National Congress of American Indians

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The NCAI is an organization that was founded in 1944 to protect tribal rights against the US government's policies of termination and assimilation. It was the first national organization uniting tribes to fight for sovereignty and civil rights. This is considered civil disobedience.

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(1948) President Truman Desegregates the U.S. Military

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(1948) President Truman Desegregates the U.S. Military

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President Truman passed Executive Order 9981, which ended racial segregation in the armed forces. This order was a major civil rights milestone that set a precedent for desegregation in institutions. This event is neither an act of civil disobedience nor self-defense.

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(1954) Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision

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(1954) Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision

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This Supreme Court decision declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. Moreover, it overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, signifying a key legal victory for the civil rights movement. This event is neither, since it was a judicial decision.

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The UFWA was a labor union founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta for farmworkers' rights. Specifically, it fought for the labor and civil rights of Latino agricultural workers. This event was an act of civil disobedience as it included nonviolent strikes and boycotts.

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(1963) March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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(1963) March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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This march was a massive rally for civil and economic rights, where MLK delivered his infamous "I Have a Dream" speech. Moreover, the March on Washington pressured lawmakers to pass civil rights legislation. This was an act of civil disobedience because it was a peaceful protest.

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a landmark law that prohibited discrimination based on race, sex, and more. This was a major victory for the civil rights and women's rights movements. However, it was neither a civil act of disobedience nor self-defense since it was a legislative action.

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These marches were protest marches for African American voting rights. They would ultimately lead to the Voting Rights Act of 1964, which prohibited discriminatory practices and expanded voting rights in the US. This nonviolent protest was an act of civil disobedience.

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(1966) National Organization for Women (NOW)

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(1966) National Organization for Women (NOW)

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The National Organization for Women was founded to advocate for women's equality and enforce anti-discrimination laws. It served as a key player in the second-wave feminism. The creation of this organization was an act of civil disobedience with its advocacy and protest campaigns.

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During the East Los Angeles walkouts, Chicano students would walk out of schools to protest unequal education. These walkouts highlighted the systemic discrimination against Mexican-American students. Ultimately, it was an act of civil disobedience.

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(1968) Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF)

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(1968) Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF)

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MALDEF was a legal organization created to defend Latino civil rights. This was significant because it fought discrimination through legal action. As a result, it was neither an act of civil disobedience nor self-defense due to its legal advocacy.

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During this event, Native American activists occupied Mount Rushmore to protest broken treaties. It symbolized their reclaimation of sacred land and resistance to US colonization. So, it is considered an act of civil disobedience.

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(1972) Trail of Broken Treaties/AIM occupies BIA

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(1972) Trail of Broken Treaties/AIM occupies BIA

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This event was a cross-country protest movement that demanded improvements in Native American living conditions and the recognition of Native American treaties, ending with the occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. It exposed ongoing violations of Native treaties and rights. This was an act of civil disobedience.

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(1973) Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision

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(1973) Roe v. Wade Supreme Court Decision

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This Supreme Court decision legalized abortion nationwide. It was a landmark decision in women's reproductive rights. This was neither because it was a judicial decision.

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(1978) The Longest Walk protests/Religious Freedom Act

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(1978) The Longest Walk protests/Religious Freedom Act

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This was a protest march to support Native rights, especially religious freedom. It would lead to legislation protecting Native religious practices. This is an act of civil disobedience.

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The Orme Dam Victory was Native resistance to the construction of a dam that would flood tribal lands. This was a significant victory for tribal sovereignty and environmental justice. Ultimately, it was an act of civil disobedience, but some aspects were also self-defense due to land protection.