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what: Singapore had been using greener buses that dont use
diesel but battery that lasts for 48 km with just 15 minutes of
charging
how: using diesel makes more carbon dioxide and has a bigger
carbon impact.
case study: research shows that carbon dioxide Will be
reduced by approximately 7800 tones annually
strengths: Singapore is committed to having 100% cleaner energy bus fleet

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(i) Laws and policies on transport (Jathniel)

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(i) Laws and policies on transport (Jathniel)

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Electronic Road pricing or, ERP functions as a way to manage traffic on our roads. You pay a fee when driving through an ERP gantry during operational hours. It helps manage traffic congestion as people would often want to avoid ERP charges, motorists can consider using alternative routes, travelling outside ERP operational hours, or taking public transport instead of driving. A case study looked at how ERP has helped ease traffic congestion and they found out that it “cuts travel time, reduced private vehicle use and pollution, and promoted public transport. The latest household survey by Singapore’s Land Transport Authority shows that more than 60% of commuters prefer to use public transport than driving their own cars”.

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1. Electrify transportation
Increasing electrified transport, which leads to improved air quality, reduced emissions, and lower noise levels, is a relatively straightforward way for cities to make themselves more sustainable.

2. Enable walking and cycling
Expansion of walking and cycling in cities requires the creation of infrastructure, such as no car zones and bicycle lanes and paths. Cities also need to foster bike- and scooter-sharing services. To help make sure micromobility supports a strong mass transit system, cities need to allow bicycles on subways and buses and encourage the installation of bike- and scooter-sharing docks adjacent to transit stations.

3. Build infrastructure to withstand effects of climate change

Construction that accompanies any necessary changes to transit systems or roadways should, for instance, recognize the increased risk of flooding as a result of climate change. Business continuity plans for transit systems should also be put in place to get them running again after a disaster.

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One notable development in Singapore's transportation system is the implementation of the Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system in 1998. The ERP system uses a network of sensors and cameras to track traffic congestion and automatically adjusts toll prices on congested roads during peak hours. This has helped to reduce traffic congestion and encourage the use of public transportation.

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The reason why we have ERP Electronic Road Pricing is to lead other cars to less busy roads and those cars paid the ERP fee will have a faster and smoother ride but those who don't pay the fee will have a slower ride.

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Research and development in transport focuses on mobile applications,environmentally friendly transport modes and Transport infrastructure and investing transportation research and development makes Transport system more sustainable

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- integrated land use and planning
Spatial based strategy to allocate land to different uses by balancing economic social and environmental values at nation or sub national values. For example, building about 700km of cycling paths by 2030, expanding cycling network to well beyond 1000km by 2040.

- what?
Enjoying convenient and being connected to one another by fast journeys. Even having the option to walk, cycle and ride ( busses, trains and cars ). We are able to cover short distance by cycling of walking. And for long journeys, we can have rides such as busses and trains ( mrt ) or sharing transport such as private hire cars and/or car sharing, and taxis

-how?
We can start by 20 mins in town and 45 mins in the city.

- Case study
Put posters up , changing the public’s mindset on reducing greenhouse gasses by either sharing cars to reduce green house gasses or taking public transport.

- strengths

Being more inclusive for all, and having faster timing to get to different places and a more caring and gracious environment

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A development that the land transport authority has made was to use electric buses. Electric buses are greener as they emit fewer carbon emissions by 7800 annually which is equivalent to 1700 cars emitting carbon emissions. Moreover, some of the buses use a pantograph charge which are located on the top of the bus. The charger provide a higher power rating to provide faster charging. Moreover, electric buses are quieter and should improve the experience for anyone who rides the bus. In 2018, LTA bought 60 fully electronic buses which was all expected to be in operation by 2021. LTA has said that the el trip buses will help to better understand the challenges of running and maintaining electric buses in Singapore’s tropical climate and traffic conditions. The 60 electric buses are expected to reduce carbon emissions by close to 8000 tonnes a year. The LTA has also has also touted more benefits to commuters, with the electric buses offering smoother and quieter bus rides. MyTransportSG launched in 2011 by the LTA aims to empower commuters, motorists and cyclists in Singapore to get information and predict their tips accurately. The app could be downloaded via android or IOS system based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) using Global Positioning System (GPS) on each telephone device as particular component. The existence of the MyTransportSG app has achieved four variables of of smart mobility in Singapore namely informative, interactive, assistive and green mobility by analysing its features and utilisation directly. Moreover, they also make electric cars that compared to normal cars, have a lesser amount of carbon dioxide emissions. A normal car produces 4.6 metric tonnes annually while a electric car emits 50% of carbon emissions lesser This could help us reduce on our carbon footprint and help to reduce global warming.

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Public transport are offering a range of mobility options for different groups of people such as people with physical and invisible disabilities. they have ramps to be put on the exit and entry doors of the bus to make the bus more easily accessible to those on wheelchairs or need the ramp. there are also yellow land yards with the words “ May I have a seat? “ that are given to people with invisible disabilities. There also confidence courses that disabled people can take to boost their confidence in taking public transport as it can make them feel embarrassed. All bus interchanges have at least 1 barrier free access routes. this enables the disabled people to get around more easily without any obstacle.

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Article 4 is about Singapore becoming more eco-friendly by using electric buses instead of normal buses.The government does not want to pollute the environment with harmful gases, another reason to use electric buses is because fuel is very expensive and u need to pump it every 2 weeks.The air conditioner is better in electric buses.

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electrical buses use pantograph chargers and it can charge the buses faster. Electric buses are also quieter which allows people to have a quiet journey. Electrical buses also have  emit 50% and fewer emissions than a diesel bus.

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There is braille and embossed text on the handrails of staircases to aid help commuters with visual impairment. There are Hearing Enhancement System to assist commuters who wear hearing aids to communicate effectively. All bus interchanges and 98% of bus shelters in Singapore are barrier-free, and all public buses are wheelchair accessible for commuters who are disabled

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People enjoying convenient connected and fast

more options to walk cycle and ride cover short distances easily.

For longer journeys can use public buses or trains or shared transport like taxis or private hired cars or car sharing.

How. by making 20 minute towns and 45 minute city which means going to a nearby neighbourhood and taking less then 45 minutes to get to the nearest city to reach these goals they are making 700km of cycling paths by 2030 and 1000km of cycling paths by 2040. And more priorities for buses with a dedicated bus lanes,new lines and MRT stations on the new networks to connect us to more places on this country.

Examples. The expansion of the rail network like the Thomson-East line, Jurong Region Line and Cross Island Line.

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Integrating land use and transport planning can reduce the need for travel. Land use planning refers to where and how land should be used. Land use planning is key in shaping the demand for travel and distance needed to travel. For example, when business parks and commercial centres offering employment opportunities are planned near residential areas, the need for long distance commutes is reduced.

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On April 2020 during the lockdown due to the pandemic, 60 of the so called “greener” buses were made. 10 being double deckers and 50 single decker. These “greener buses take about 15 minutes to charge for the next trip. It produces less harmful gases than a normal bus that runs on diesel and is way less noisy so that the people living in hdb’s that are near the bus stop won’t be interrupted as much and the passengers won’t have a rough ride.

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Ramps, lifts, and barrier-free features such as our tactile guiding system ensure that all commuters, including the elderly, persons with disabilities and families travelling with young children, can use public transport to get around more independently.Seats at bus stops have also been designed with elderly commuters in mind, and have a more ergonomic structure to help commuters sit and get up with greater ease.。

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Provision of a range of mobility options for different groups of people.

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Provision of a range of mobility options for different groups of people.

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Constraints imposed by physical capability, health-related conditions, transport costs, transport system designs and availability of transport modes can limit the mobility of people.
- Poorly designed transport infrastructure and the inconvenience of travelling can prevent the elderly, wheelchair users and PWDs from travelling, causing some to isolate themselves.

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ERP stands for electronic road pricing, it is to manage congestion on our roads. It helps make us travel from one place to another faster.

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Erp is needed to collects money from those who want to be safe from traffic jams without Erp the roads will be jammed

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Erp is needed to collects money from those who want to be safe from traffic jams without Erp the roads will be jammed

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Bus can put slopes at the entrance of doors so that wheelchair can enter the bus easier even though some buses already have slopes they should make it so that it is automatic.they should also add more handles in bus so that people whom are blind can hold randles so that they can walk easier with more ease.
We can also impose fines to those whom are selfish and uses the disability chair. the innovation of “ may I have a seat please “ landyard will raise awareness for people to give way .

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(iii) It  makes traveling more convenient for people with disability.By having a ramp on a bus so that people in a wheel chair can go up the bus conveniently.

The provision of range of mobility options for different groups of people is to have more options for people who have disabilities.

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Xin En (number 1 - laws and policies on transport 

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Xin En (number 1 - laws and policies on transport 

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The government added ERP to manage congestion of roads. Without ERP, there will a huge road congestion and valuable time is wasted and air pollution increases. That means, we have lesser time with our families since it takes a longer time to go home and reach our destination and more air pollution means, we are harming our environment. Having ERPs in highways helps us to travel faster and lesser road congestions. Using ERP roads also have a smoother trip.

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provision of range of mobility options for different groups of people is constraints imposed by physical capability, health related conditions, transport cost, transport system designs and availability of transport modes can limit the mobility of people. the provision of barrier free transport facilities is important in developing inclusive transport systems that catrr to diverse mobility needs.

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(Iv)

What?:

Singapore is making buses even greener even though they have a lower carbon footprint.

How?:

They are making buses even greener by introducing electric buses.

Case study eg: Greener Rides on Our Electric Buses!⚡️🚌

Strength(s):

-Electric buses charge using pantographs chargers.(Pantograph chargers deliver a higher power rating to provide fast charging.)
- Electric buses can travel up to 48km with just a 15min charge.

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(ii)integrated land use and transport planning

What?
-The video is about the government planning on more transports to travel around more conveniently and quickly.

How?
-The government would try to have 20-minute towns and 45-minute cities.

Case Study:
Land Transport Master Plan 2040

Strength(s):
Everyone will be able to travel around more conveniently and will have a larger variety of vehicles to go around with.

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a spatial-based strategy to allocate land for different uses, balancing economic, social and environmental values at national or sub-national levels

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ERP electronic road payment is the primary method of preventing traffic congestion.crossing the rep needs money

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Question 2 Integrated land can be used to build a network of expressways and improving public transport and therefore allows to improve the ecosystem better. The public transport stuff would help to support commuters well by guiding them to their destination and helping those with disabilities. The integrated land transport technologies could also help passengers to know when the bus would arrive and what time must they reach to their destination. The technologies in the integrated land transport could also help us to enjoy a greener and quieter environment as it could hire private cars and public buses for other people to board.

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what : electric bus is a type of bus that does not need fuel as it runs on electricity
how : in a electric bus there is no longer an engine, nor fuel tank. instead, the electric motor on the bus serves as the engine and transmission, while the battery is essentially the “fuel tank.” electric buses work by sending a signal to the powertrain system controller upon start
eg : sbs transit are slowly changing to electric buses
strength : electric buses are powered by zero emission electricity sources.

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The video is about how singapore will improve and have better transportation in the future to help citizens with their travelling.In the future we will able to get around faster with transport improvements and new regional centres that will bring the jobs/schools closer to us.For example it will only take 45 minute to reach for work in peak hours,they are also building about 70km of cycling paths by 2030 and 1000 km by 2040.Public transport staff will undergo more training to provide better support for commuters who require assistance.

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By using electric bus, it is healthy for the enoviroment as it reduces pollution by not using gas.
By not using gas, lithium extraction inevitably harms the soil and causes air contamination. As demand rises, the mining impacts are “increasingly affecting communities where this harmful extraction takes place, jeopardising their access to water

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The hand rails at the door in the bus allow people whose legs are not strong enough to go onto the bus using the handrail can help them get into the bus easier. They also added “ may I have a seat please “ for people who have disability using the landyard helps bus drivers or passenger. If bus drivers see someone with the landyard  the bus driver can help disabled people to get up onto the bus, at the exit have a flap allowing people who are on wheelchairs get onto the bus. There is also a wheelchair sticker on the bus floor for wheelchair to be parked. There is bumps on floor at every train station, this is for blind people who can’t see therefore, the bumps can help them enter the train with no troubles.

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Now there is a confidence course for the disabled and the ministry of transport now make the bus and train more convenience for the disabled people like the “may i have a seat card”, the bar on the door for the disabled people to pull themselves  up onto the bus , putting colourful tails for people with dementia to lead them to their desired location and making a app for people to use for telling location of the thing they are search for without asking people.

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ERP collects money from people because they do not want cars to jam up the roads.
If there is no ERP, the roads would be jammed , pollutions is caused, expensive time is wasted.

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What:
It’s about Land Transport System making a plan to envision a land transport system that is convenient , well-connected , inclusive and fast for the community to meet the needs for people.
How:
To build about 700km of cycling paths by 2030 and will continue to expand their cycling path network by building up to 1000km by 2040. More integrated transport hubs.
Case study:
There are new lines for MRT to have a faster travel time than before. There are also new transit priority corridors which are dedicated for bus lanes and cycling paths to enable faster travel.
Strengths:
This can help people who are going to work by buses as it would be easier

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I learned that e bus is cleaner then the bus we normally see as because it’s more environment friendly as The running cost of an electric bus is 80 percent lower than a diesel-powered one
This will make the roads and earth safer by 2040

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(i) laws and policies on transport
What?
How?
Case study eg:
Strength(s):

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(ii) integrated land use and transport planning
What?
How?
Case study eg:
Strength(s):

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Land Transport Master Plan 2040 #LTMP2040

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(iii) provision of range of mobility options for different groups of people
What?
How?
Case study eg:
Strength(s):

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Initiatives ramped up to make public transport in Singapore more accessible

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(iv) research and development in transport
What?
How?
Case study eg:
Strength(s):

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Greener Rides on Our Electric Buses! ⚡️🚌