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Av. del Mar 3000, La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile

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01. Location
Chile is located along the western coast of the southern cone of South America, between the highest segment of the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.

Its shape is unique: it is one of the longest countries in the world, with 4,300 km in length, but also one of the narrowest, with an average width of only 180 km.

Chile is bordered to the north by Peru, to the east by Bolivia and Argentina, to the south by the South Pole and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.

Chile is defined as a tricontinental country and is made up of three geographical areas. The first of them, continental Chile, comprises a strip on the western coast of the Southern Cone, mostly from the southeastern shore of the Pacific Ocean to the highest peaks of the Andes mountain range. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast and Argentina to the east. The second geographical area is insular Chile, which corresponds to a set of islands of volcanic origin in the South Pacific Ocean: the Juan Fernández archipelago and the Desventuradas Islands, belonging to South America; Salas and Gomez Island; and Easter Island, located in Oceania. The third area is the Chilean Antarctic Territory, which is an area of Antarctica.

02. Culture
Chilean culture is an interesting mixture of indigenous elements, in particular Mapuche, and the influence of Spanish colonialism (reflected in the spoken language and Catholic customs). The large number of European emigrants has also caused a profound effect on Chilean society, which is considered relatively homogeneous compared to that of other Latin American countries.
Chilean culture is expressed in a wide variety of media, such as the buoyant film industry. Painters such as Roberto Matta and Carlos Sotomayor, have given fame to Chilean art. Chilean literature has several Nobel laureates, such as Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, who have promoted the literary pilgrimage to Chile, as well as the international bestseller Isabel Allende. The national dance is the cueca, which emerged in 1824. Music is very important for Chileans: as during the 70s any type of opposition against the military junta was outlawed, the protest song began to circulate clandestinely. Currently folk music is experiencing a resurgence in Chilean culture.

03. Gastronomy
The gastronomy of Chile is a sample of the mixture between indigenous culture and the contribution of Spanish culture. Over the years, it has had influence on a smaller scale of other European cultures such as German and Italian, as well as French in the 20th century. Chilean cuisine is characterized by having unique flavors, due to the mix and diversity in the country. There is a peculiarity in Chilean cuisine, and that is that the preparations vary according to the season of the year. For example, in winter, they tend to eat spoon dishes that are hot, such as soups. While in summer the meals are usually fresher and lighter. These meals, depending on the preparation, can be accompanied by drinks characteristic of the country such as pisco and Chilean wine.

On April 15 of each year, Chilean cuisine is celebrated in the country, and as in other countries, we can find variations in the preparations according to the province. In Chile, it can be differentiated into three areas: Chilean gastronomy in the north, in the center and in the south. However, today we have prepared a list of 10 dishes for you, so that you can get to know the real typical Chilean food.
01. Empandas
02. Humitas
03. Cazuela
04. Porotos
05. Pastel de Choclo
06. Curanto
07. Caldillo de congrio
08. Charquicán
09. Alfajor
10. Pisco sour

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Chile, oficialmente República de Chile, es un país dividido en tres zonas geográficas, algo que condiciona su mapa político. La primera, la costa occidental del Cono Sur, tiene un largo de 4.270 kilómetros pero un ancho que varía entre los 445 y los 90 kilómetros; la segunda, el Chile insular, comprende un conjunto de islas de origen volcánico situadas en el Pacífico Sur: las islas Juan Fernández y las Desventuradas, ambas pertenecientes a Sudamérica, además de la isla de Pascua y la de Salas y Gómez -esta última con una superficie de apenas 0,15 kilómetros cuadrados y deshabitada-, en Oceanía; y la tercera, el Territorio Chileno Antártico, la vasta zona de la Antártida cuya soberanía reclama. Sin embargo, Chile es signataria del Tratado Antártico , un acuerdo firmado en Washington en 1959 que en la práctica supuso la congelación indefinida del estatus jurídico de la Antártida.

En cuanto a su organización territorial, la Constitución de 1980 estableció que Chile es un estado unitario cuya administración está descentralizada. Así, en la actualidad el mapa del país se divide en dieciséis regiones, 56 provincias y 346 comunas. La última región en sumarse a la lista fue la de Ñuble, creada en 2018 como una escisión de Biobío.

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Sin embargo, lejos de ser una foto fija, el mapa político de Chile ha ido variando a lo largo de los años. Durante la época colonial los españoles dividieron la zona primero en doce corregimientos y luego en solo dos intendencias, Santiago y Concepción. Con la llegada de la independencia a comienzos del siglo XIX, el debate sobre la organización territorial del nuevo país arrancó. Durante los primeros años se mantuvo el modelo español, pero en se produjo el primer gran cambio con la creación de ocho provincias: Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Santiago, Colchagua, Maule, Concepción, Valdivia y Chiloé.

Tras la guerra civil (1829-1830) , la Constitución de 1833 confirmó la división por provincias y poco a poco se fueron sumando nuevas conforme la población crecía y el territorio nacional aumentaba. Es el caso de Llanquihue, Angol y Magallanes, en un inicio territorios de colonización, y Tacna, Tarapacá y Antofagasta, arrebatas a Perú en la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1884). A finales del siglo XIX, el país ya contaba con 23 provincias.

Más tarde, en 1928, se aprobó un conjunto de decretos destinados a reducir el número de provincias, pero una década después se habían añadido dos más, sumando 25 en total, un número que se mantendría estable hasta 1974. Las propuestas de modernización y reforma de la división administrativa durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX fueron múltiples, pero ninguna fue llevada a la práctica. Tuvo que ser la Junta Militar que se instauró tras el golpe de Estado de 1973 la que llevara a cabo de forma definitiva la transformación.

Así, en 1974, Chile quedó condensada en doce regiones y un "Área Metropolitana de Santiago", que en 1976 se convirtió en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. Al principio estas regiones fueron denominadas con ordinales escritos en números romanos (Región I, Región II, Región III...), pero en 1978 recibieron un nombre propio. Aunque un año después se modificaron los límites regionales y provinciales, la división del país en regiones, provincias y comunas diseñada en 1976 se mantiene en la actualidad. Además, desde 2005, la creación, supresión y denominación de regiones, provincias y comunas, así como la modificación de sus límites y el establecimiento de las capitales, deben acometerse mediante ley orgánica constitucional.

Desde entonces los cambios introducidos en el sistema regional han sido mínimos, con las únicas excepciones del nacimiento de las regiones de Arica y Parinacota y Los Ríos en 2007, y el de Ñuble en 2018, lo que resulta en un total de dieciséis regiones.

Las dictaduras en América Latina desde 1945

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Chile, oficialmente República de Chile, es un país dividido en tres zonas geográficas, algo que condiciona su mapa político.

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COUNTRY
Argentina, officially known as the Argentine Republic, is a sovereign country in South America, located in the southern and southeastern tip of the subcontinent. It has a republican, democratic, representative and federal form of government.
Argentina is organized as a decentralized federal state, integrated since 1994 by twenty-three provinces and the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, the federal capital of the country.

GOVERNMENT
The Government of Argentina is a representative, republican and federal democracy, regulated by the current Constitution. Argentina was formed by the federative union of the provinces that emerged after the dissolution of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, and by the incorporation of those that were formed from the national territories established as a result of the conquest of large indigenous territories.

ECONOMY
Argentina's economy is the second largest in South America according to 2020 data, only surpassed by Brazil. Together with Brazil, they are the only South American countries in the G-20, which brings together most of the largest, richest and most industrialized economies on the planet. Argentina has great natural resources and benefits from this, especially from its vast plains of fertile land.

FLAG
It was consecrated with the same colors "blue and white" by the Congress of Tucumán on July 20, 1816, due to an initiative of the deputy Juan José Paso, and ratified by the same body in Buenos Aires, on February 25, 1818, incorporating the Inca sun in the central white stripe.

TYPICAL DISHES
- Milanesa.
- Empanadas are a typical Argentinean snack, more popularly known in the northeast of the country.
- Asado.
- Dulce de leche.
- Alfajores.

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Germany is a country that has gone through significant changes over the years. Here are some facts about the old and the new Germany:

Old Germany:

Before World War II, Germany was a federal republic known as the Weimar Republic. It existed from 1919 to 1933 and was named after the city of Weimar, where its constitution was written.
In 1933, the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, came to power and established a dictatorship, which led to World War II and the Holocaust.
After World War II, Germany was divided into two countries: West Germany (officially the Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (officially the German Democratic Republic). West Germany was a capitalist democracy, while East Germany was a communist state.
The Berlin Wall was built in 1961 to prevent people from fleeing East Germany to West Germany. It stood for 28 years before it was torn down in 1989.
New Germany:

Germany was reunified on October 3, 1990, after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The reunified Germany is a federal parliamentary republic with a president as head of state and a chancellor as head of government.
Germany is the largest economy in Europe and the fourth-largest in the world. It is known for its engineering, technology, and manufacturing industries.
Berlin is the capital of Germany and has become a symbol of the country's reunification and transformation. It is now a thriving cultural, political, and economic center.

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Introduction

The United Kingdom is made up of the countries of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Its full name is: 'United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'. Great Britain, on the other hand, comprises only England, Scotland and Wales. It is the largest island of the British Isles

History
The Kingdom of Great Britain was created on May 1, 1707, as a result of the political union of the Kingdom of England (which includes Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland under the Treaty of Union In 1603, Scottish King James VI acceded to the crown of England, uniting them into one. This was followed by the union of the parliaments in 1707 with the Act of Union. The united kingdom has seven kingdoms which are
Northumbria, Mercia, Eastanglia, Kent, Sussex, Wessex and Essex.

Food

Traditional dishes include Sunday roast (a roast dish, usually roast beef, lamb, or chicken), baked beans, Welsh rarebit (melted cheese on toast), or bacon; most pubs offer this type of dish.

Culture and art

The culture of the United Kingdom, also called "British culture", can be described as the legacy of the history of a developed island country, a great power and also as the result of the political union of four countries, each retaining its distinctive elements. of traditions, customs and symbolism.

Art and culture have historically been influenced by Western ideology. Since the expansion of the British Empire, the experience of military, political and economic power led to a technique, taste and sensibility unique to UK artists. The British used their art "to illustrate their knowledge and lead the natural world," they embarked on a search for a distinctive artistic expression appropriate to their national identity."The visual arts of the Victorian era have been central to the construction, celebration, and expression of British identity.

Economy

It is an economy eminently based on the service sector, which makes up 3/4 of its GDP, with a strong and diversified industry, leading the aeronautical, energy and transport sectors.

religion

The Anglican Church is the majority denomination (around 62% of Christians), followed by the Catholic, Presbyterian (Scotland) and Methodist. Other religions with a large presence, due to the high immigrant population, are Muslim, Hindu and Sikh.

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France is a sovereign country that spans Western Europe and overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. Due to its various coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in Europe, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas. Culturally it belongs to Latin Europe.
CULTURE
France culture is characterized by its history and its diversity. His influence has forged many cultural and political expressions in Europe and throughout the world.
LANGUAGE
French is a Romance language derived from spoken Latin. It belongs to the Gallo-Romance group and is originally from northern France. It is spoken mainly as a first language in Europe, with France, Belgium, Switzerland, Monaco and Luxembourg standing out, as well as in Canada.
GASTRONOMY
The gastronomy of France is characterized by its variety, the result of French regional diversity, both cultural and raw materials, but also by its refinement. Its influence is felt in almost all the cuisines of the Western world, which have gradually incorporated into their Basic technical knowledge of French cuisine. Several French chefs have a great international reputation, such as Taillevent, La Varenne, Carême, Escoffier, Ducasse or Bocuse.

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United states of America is a country located in North America. Its the thrid most populated country in the world, behind china and india. It has a population of 332 million. Its one of the most visited countries in the world because of its diversity, natural beauties and its cities.

United states is located more in the northen part of the world, but because its so big some parts of U.S.A are really hot and others really cold, but still most of all states have stations and a lot of diversities.

Languages:
Its official language is english but because of so much immigrant theres a lot of other languages like spanish.

Flag:
Its flag is based on the amount of states, it has 50 stars, each star is one of each state. And the colors red blue and white represent fredom, peace and rights.

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INTRODUCTION:

Canada is the North American country that stretches from the United States in the south to the Arctic Circle in the north. Major cities include huge Toronto, Vancouver, the film center of the West Coast, the French-speaking cities of Montreal and Quebec, and the capital Ottawa. Canada's vast swaths of nature include Banff National Park located on a lake in the Rocky Mountains. It also includes Niagara Falls, a famous group of enormous waterfalls.
Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau
Population: 38.25 million (2021) World Bank
Continent: North America
Official languages: French, English

CURRENT HISTORY:

Canada is an industrially and technologically pioneering and advanced country, largely energy self-sufficient thanks to its relatively extensive deposits of fossil fuels and extensive nuclear and hydroelectric power generation. Being one of the most developed countries, it has a diversified economy, which makes it independent due to its large deposits and abundant natural resources as well as trade, particularly with the United States and Mexico. It is currently a member of the OAS, the G-7, the G-20, NATO, the OECD, the WTO, the UKUSA, APEC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Francophonie and the United Nations. It is considered one of the countries with the best quality of life. I

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Geographic location
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a Southern European State, founded in 1143, occupying a total area of 92,212 km2. The mainland is located in the extreme southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Spain to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south. The Portuguese territory also includes two autonomous regions: the Madeira and Azores archipelagos in the Atlantic Ocean.
Climate
The Portuguese climate is characterized by mild winters and summers, which vary, however, from one region to another. The highest level of precipitation and lowest temperatures are recorded in the north, but it is in the interior where the widest temperature differences occur. South of the Tagus, the longest river in Portugal, the Mediterranean influences are felt with very hot summers and short winters with little rain.
Population
Portugal is a country with 10.6 million inhabitants and a population density of 115.4 inhabitants / km2, proving a greater concentration of the population along the coastal strip.

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I. Introduction

Colombia is a country located in the northern part of South America. It is the third most populous country in Latin America, with a population of approximately 50 million people. The country has a rich history and diverse culture, with a unique blend of indigenous, African, and European influences. The objectives of this presentation are to introduce you to Colombia's geography, culture, economy, and tourism industry.

II. Geography and Climate

Colombia is located on the equator, which gives it a tropical climate with relatively stable temperatures year-round. The country is divided into five main regions, each with distinct topography and climate zones. The Andes mountain range runs through the country, and there are also coastal plains, rainforests, and deserts. Some of Colombia's most famous natural features include the Amazon rainforest, the Caribbean coast, and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range.

III. Culture and Society

Colombia has a rich and diverse culture, with a history that dates back thousands of years. The country is home to more than 80 indigenous groups, each with its own language and customs. Spanish is the official language of Colombia, but many people also speak indigenous languages and English. Religion is an important part of Colombian culture, with Catholicism being the predominant faith. Colombians are known for their love of music, dance, and festivals, with some of the most famous celebrations being the Carnival of Barranquilla and the Medellin Flower Fair.

IV. Economy

Colombia has a growing and diversified economy, with a focus on industries such as mining, agriculture, manufacturing, and services. The country is rich in natural resources, including coal, oil, gold, and emeralds. Colombia is also a major exporter of coffee, flowers, and bananas. The government has implemented various trade agreements and policies to encourage foreign investment and promote economic growth.

V. Tourism

Colombia is a popular tourist destination, with a range of cultural and natural attractions. Some of the most famous tourist destinations include Cartagena, Bogota, Medellin, and Cali. The country has a rich history, with many museums and landmarks that showcase its heritage. Colombia is also known for its eco-tourism and adventure activities, such as hiking, bird watching, and white-water rafting.

VI. Conclusion

In conclusion, Colombia is a beautiful and diverse country with a rich culture and history. Its economy is growing and offers many opportunities for foreign investment. Colombia's tourism industry is also booming, with a range of attractions that cater to different interests and preferences. I hope this presentation has given you a better understanding of Colombia and its many unique features. Thank you for your attention.
Jacobo Ruiz

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-it is called BRAZIL in portuguese; it is the only country in south America that speaks Portuguese

-Brazil is the 5th largest country in the world by land area and population

- The territory now called Brazil was claimed for the portuguese Empire on April 22, 1500, by pedro Alvares cabral Independece was confirmed in 1822

- The capital of brazil is BRASILIA and the largest cityis Sao Paulo

- " Christ the redeemer"
is a statue of jesus Christ in rio de                janeiro. it is among the seven Wonders of the world

- The word "Brazil" comes from the Brazil wood, a tree that grew abundantly along the Brazilian Coast

- Animals of Brazil include ARMADILLO, TAPIRS, JAGUARS, PUMAS, CAIMAN, CROCODRILE, THE SPOTTED OCELOT, and many other exotic reptiles and insects

- 60% of the Amazon Rainforest is located in brazil

- Brazil is the largest producer of coffe in the world

- In brazil, the iguassu falls consisting of 275 falls is the largest group of waterfalls in the world

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Introduction

South Korea is a country located in East Asia, a few years ago considered one of the most conservative countries, it has gained worldwide recognition in these years thanks to multiple events.

President

Yoon Suk-yeol is a South Korean lawyer and politician, who became President of the Republic of Korea after winning the 2022 presidential election. He previously served as South Korea's Attorney General from 2019 to 2021.

Culture

The Korean society has been a homogeneous and closed society, although it is becoming more and more open, fearless and trusts more in itself. Lately, trends from there, such as makeup, clothing, food, entertainment and music, have gone viral all over the world.

Politic and government

The political system of South Korea is defined as a presidential democratic republic, where the President is the head of state, and which is governed by a multi-party liberal system of representative democracy.

Religion

Religion in South Korea is characterized by the fact that the majority of South Koreans (56.9% as of the 2015 national census) do not have a formal affiliation with a religion. Among those who are members of a religious organization, there is a predominance of Protestantism (19.7%), Buddhism (14.5%) and Catholicism (7.9%). A small percentage of South Koreans (1.0% overall) are members of other religions

Gastronomy

Some of the traditional dishes of South Korea are considered one of the spiciest dishes, so it is very common to see kimchi included in them, which is fermented cabbage which has more than 100 different variations in which it can be seen included, And if you are going to try Korean food, we cannot forget sojuu, a distilled rice drink which, in addition to being affordable, is very tasty.

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Japan is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean with dense cities, imperial palaces, mountainous national parks, and miles of shrines and temples. The Shinkansen bullet train connects the main islands of Kyushu (with the subtropical beaches of Okinawa), Honshu (with Tokyo and the atomic bombing memorial in Hiroshima) and Hokkaido (famous for skiing). Tokyo, the capital, is famous for its skyscrapers, commerce, and pop culture.
Japan is an island country in Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of China and Taiwan. It is made up of an archipelago of some 6,852 islands and in its limited area of 377,915 km2 it is home to its almost 127 million inhabitants
CULTURE
Ruled by a parliamentary monarchy with a long national tradition, this country has played an important role in Asian and world politics.
His surrender marked the end of the conflict, after the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed with atomic bombs by the United States, in one of the worst military massacres in human.
JAPAN GASTRONOMY
Japanese food is very popular nowadays, to the point of turning sushi (based on raw fish) into a typical dish at fast food fairs in the West. In terms of drinks, infusions and rice liquor or sake predominate.
JAPANESE FINE ART
In Japan, calligraphy is understood as an art, when it is executed with the traditional brush. It is usually exercised through phrases, thoughts or poems.
JAPON SPORTS
A wide variety of sports are practiced in Japan, both traditional and modern, such as martial arts (karate, jujitsu, kendo, judo, aikido, iaido or the popular sumo), or western sports (baseball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, table tennis, rugby, etc.).

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Mexico is a country between the United States and Central America, known for its beaches on the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico, and its diverse landscape of mountains, deserts, and jungles. Ancient ruins, such as Teotihuacán and the Mayan city of Chichén Itzá, are scattered throughout the country, as are cities from the Spanish colonial era. In the capital Mexico City, elegant shops, famous museums and gourmet restaurants are part of modern life.
Customs and traditions of Mexico that you must experience:
The traditions of Mexico are a highly appreciated and widely recognized cultural heritage in many countries around the world. All of them derive from a unique and very interesting mix of the cultural encounter of three great worlds: Mesoamerican culture, Spanish culture and the culture of millenary Africa.

This great amalgamation of ways of life resulted in a cluster of cultural traits that define modern Mexico, and give it its identity before the international community. In addition, they are a source of pride and presumption for all who identify with this country.

The customs and traditions of Mexico are very diverse throughout the country. This is due to the fact that each region has its own identity that is reflected in the daily life of its inhabitants. Thus, it is possible to point out that, although there are a large number of aspects in common throughout the country, each state of the republic also has very individual characteristics that are not repeated in others.

In this article we will talk about the diversity of the most important Mexican customs and that you cannot stop enjoying.
Most popular Mexican customs:
1-Day of the Dead. The Day of the Dead is one of the most renowned and significant Mexican traditions internationally.
2-The Papantla flyers.
3-San Marcos National Fair.
4-The carnival.
5-Mexico's independence.
6-Christmas posadas.
7-Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe.
8-Christmas.

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INTRODUCTION

Italy, a European country that considerably influenced Western culture and cuisine. Its capital, Rome, is home to the Vatican, ancient ruins, and iconic works of art such as the Roman Coliseum or the Leaning Tower. It has various works belonging to the Renaissance that are outstanding throughout the world.

WORLDWIDE IMPORTANCE
Italy is recognized for its art, its culture and its monuments mentioned above as well as its gastronomy, its wine, its lifestyle, its painting, its design, cinema, theater, literature and music, in particular, opera.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
The policy is based on a parliamentary republican system with representative democracy since the monarchy was abolished by popular referendum.

FLAG
The flag is displayed at the top of the presentation.

ECONOMY
Industrial activity has been the engine of Italian development, and the current axis of its economy. Faced with this, agricultural activities have experienced a considerable setback.

LANGUAGE
The official language of Italy is Italian, a Romance language derived from spoken Latin, especially from the archaic Tuscan variant, and belonging to the Italo-Romance family of Italic languages, members of the Indo-European languages.

RELIGION
According to a study published in the newspaper Corriere della Sera in 2006, 87.8% of Italians declare themselves Catholic, one of the highest percentages in Europe.