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The final stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, occurring in late adulthood. It involves reflecting on one's life experiences and accomplishments and coming to a sense of acceptance and closure, or feeling a sense of despair and regret. An experience that relates to this stage is that of a retired teacher(grandpa) who has dedicated his life to education and helping others. In his later years, he reflects on the positive impact he has had on countless students and feel a sense of fulfillment and contentment. He is feeling proud of his accomplishments and the person he has become.On the other hand, another retired individual may look back on their life and feel a sense of despair and regret. They may have had unfulfilled dreams or unmet goals and feel like they have not lived up to their potential. They may struggle to find meaning and purpose in their later years and feel like their life has been wasted.
In order to achieve integrity in later life, it's important to live a life that is true to one's values and beliefs, and to continually seek personal growth and development.

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At this stage, individuals focus on leaving a positive legacy and making contributions to future generations through work, family, and community involvement. Failure to do so can result in feelings of stagnation and a lack of purpose.
I know someone who had a great career in business but decided to start a group to help kids in need. She wanted to do something good for the community and leave a positive mark. She felt good about what she was doing and helped a lot of children. On the other hand, another person I know didn't feel like they had a purpose or reason for what they were doing. They felt like they were stuck and didn't know what to do. This made them feel sad and unhappy. It's important to have a reason to do things and to help others during middle age.

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This stage is crucial for the development of healthy relationships and a sense of connectedness with others. However, if individuals are unable to form meaningful relationships or become isolated from others, they may experience feelings of loneliness and a lack of purpose.
An experience from real life that relates to this stage is a friend from work who struggles to form intimate relationships despite her desire to do so. This friend has had a history of difficult relationships and is afraid of getting hurt or rejected. As a result, she become isolated and struggle with feelings of loneliness and a lack of purpose. It's important for individuals in this stage to seek out opportunities for social connection and work through any fears or anxieties that may be inhibiting their ability to form intimate relationships.

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Identity is an individual's overall sense of self, while identity confusion is a state of uncertainty or lack of clarity about one's identity. Identity provides purpose and direction, while identity confusion can cause negative emotions. My mom side of family values education, they prioritize doing well in school. Similarly, if someone has faced discrimination or prejudice, it may shape their identity as a member of a particular racial or ethnic group and influence their beliefs and values.
For example, imagine someone grew up in a religious family but then became interested in politics that clashed with their upbringing. They may feel conflicted about their identity as a member of their religious community and as a progressive activist.

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During the industry vs. inferiority stage, children between the ages of 6 and 12 develop a desire to complete tasks, learn new skills, and achieve goals, which is crucial for building self-confidence and a positive self-image. However, if children are unable to achieve their goals or face criticism, they may develop a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. For instance, my cousin Eden, who was passionate about playing the violin, shared her interest with her parents. Unfortunately, due to financial constraints caused by her mother's illness, her family was unable to afford to buy or rent a violin for her. As a result, Eden began to feel inferior and eventually gave up on her musical interests.

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During this stage, children develop a sense of initiative as they become more confident in their abilities to plan, undertake and complete tasks. This sense of initiative is important for building a sense of purpose and direction in life. However, if children's efforts are consistently met with criticism or punishment, they may develop a sense of guilt or inadequacy, which can inhibit their willingness to take initiative and explore new opportunities.
During a visit to invite relatives to my graduation party, I observed a young child eagerly assisting her parents with household tasks. The parents encouraged and provided opportunities for her to learn and contribute, which resulted in the child feeling accomplished and confidence in her abilities. On the other hand, if the parents respond negatively or dismiss the child's attempts to help, the child may feel discouraged and hesitant to try new things in the future, leading to a sense of guilt or inadequacy.

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This stage typically occurs during early childhood, from ages 2 to 3 years old. During this stage, children develop a sense of autonomy as they begin to assert their independence and autonomy over their environment, such as making choices and expressing their preferences. However, if children are excessively controlled or criticized for their choices, they may develop a sense of shame and doubt in their abilities and may become overly reliant on others for guidance and decision-making. Therefore, it's important for caregivers to support children's autonomy while also providing appropriate guidance and structure to help them develop a sense of competence and self-confidence.
One personal experience that comes to mind is when my cousin's child was going through this stage. He was very determined to do things on his own, such as picking out his own clothes or deciding what toys to play with. At times, it could be frustrating for his parents because he would insist on doing things his way and would resist any attempts to help or guide him. However, his parents learned to strike a balance between allowing him to assert his independence and providing support and guidance when needed. This helped him to develop a sense of autonomy and confidence in his abilities, while also learning important life skills and values.

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This stage is characterized by the infant's dependence on their caregivers for basic needs such as food, comfort, and safety. The infant's experience of being consistently cared for and having their needs met leads to the development of trust, while inconsistent or inadequate care can result in the development of mistrust. My little sister, when she was a baby, she always want to get pick up. It suggests that she may have been seeking the comfort and security that comes from being held and cared for by her caregivers. As her older sibling, I noticed that when our parents consistently responded to her needs, she became more comfortable exploring her surroundings and interacting with others. On the other hand, when our parents were unavailable or unresponsive, she became more clingy and hesitant to engage with others. This experience helped me understand the importance of consistent and responsive caregiving in building a foundation of trust in infancy.