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The wet regions in morocco supply large amounts of fog per day, and the people in the region have developed the technology to catch the fog onto fences. Fog is always fresh, and it can also give the citizens some washing water when it isn't fresh or clean. Although the region has many fog supplies, it does not mean that it contains a big enough amount to give to the whole population. Morocco is still expanding the places that catch fog, and some of the people there are starting to continuously use this method. Although it is highly efficient, it does not mean that there is fog everyday. The people there also rely on river water, for the wet region helps them gain the water supply for their whole population. The mountains and hills in morocco also help them catch more moist fog and bring it all the way to the town through pipes. The fences catch the water, and it then drains down to the bottom where the pipe is attached. When the water is heavy enough, it then travels from the hills down to towns and villages by the hands of people, and sometimes pipes.

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physical water scarcity
irrigation consumes a large amount of surface water, this combined with inefficient water utilisation, leads to physical water scarcity
Solution-spending more money for clean water systems
positive- better for citizens
negative- costs a lot of money

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They don't have enough water because they have to many people

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Water Scarcity: Physical Water Scarcity

Solution: Fog catching using fog nets, so that fog is turned to water for the population to use.

Positive: 60% less payment during the winter to pay for water in most households.

Negative: The poor have to pay more than the rich to access this clean water.

By: Danaiya

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type of water scarcity:

Kenya has physical water scarcity meaning, there's not enough water. Sand dams are a water solution that works in most dryland environments.

solution:

Kenya uses a sand dam, which is a water solution that works in most dryland environments.

positive:

-provides enough water for people to productively farm

-sand dams are a low-cost solution for providing water to rural communities in dry areas.

negative:
-to get the water from the sand dam, you would have to walk to the sand water.

-Aimee

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economic water scarcity

water scarcity is caused by  climate change, a growing population, increasing urbanization, and more water being used for household and industrial stuff.

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Physical Water Scarcity- Singapore is using about 430 million gallons of water per day, causing the demand of water almost double for the population growth. They are going to turn seawater into drinking water. One negative thing is that Singapore is heavily dependent on rainfall due to the lack of natural resources.

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Desalination Technologies Research Institute DTRI, Al Jubail Saudi Arabia

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Desalination Technologies Research Institute DTRI, Al Jubail Saudi Arabiax Pav

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Desalination Technologies Research Institute DTRI, Al Jubail Saudi Arabiax Pav

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Physical water scarcity There is not enough water that is pure so desalination is there only option. The ways to overcome costs is solar power. One positive is it is green. One negative is it doesn't cover oil costs.

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India has physical water scarcity. Although they have 18% of the world's population, they only have water resources for 4% of their people.

The solution to this problem is building desalinisation plants.

A positive is that they have lots of water available to them.

A negative is that desalination plants are very expensive.

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Ghana has Economic water scarcity because of contaminated water. They are using Drinkable book. this is a thing where the pages of the book can filter water. it is clean but you can run out of pages. it causes deforestation.

Ghana has no water so they invented this drinkable book. the book shows how to manage water and the pages actually filter water.

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China is currently experiencing physical and economic scarcity, due to decades of floods, heavy rains and pollution that makes the water contaminated and dirty.

Due to this, China is deciding to use 'Sponge Cities' to solve the main issue of floods. This is where they use a new urban construction model (which includes nearby trees, forests and lakes to soak up the water) for flood management and sewage problems.

A positive aspect about this solution is that it is an extremely efficient method of managing floods and water-wise problems for civilians.
Meanwhile, a negative point of this solution is that this project is not very eco-friendly. By this, I mean that to build a new city you need to clear out a space of land first. For sponge cities, it needs to be located basically in the middle of a large forest that can surround it. This means that you need to first clear out a huge chunk of land to build the city.

Yang

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Algeria is going through physical water scarcity. 96% of Algeria's water demand relies on groundwater which has low renewability. Algeria is making desalination plants and groundwater wells.

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Kwinana Waste Water Treatment Plant, McLaughlan Road, The Spectacles Kwinana, WA

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Perth, Australia has physical water scarcity.

The solution to this is wastewater plants.

The positives are that it treats water in less time, saves more water and is beneficial to the environment.

However wastewater treatment plants have a pungent smell, hybrid bacteria and it takes up a lot of land space

- Heeya

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The problem people are facing in Niger is water scarcity, but mainly they need new tech integrated to help cleanse and filter their dirty water.

Solution they are using: The national world bank has invested in a project to help Niger. The Integrated Water Security Platform project will use technologies manage Niger's water resources, improve water supply, sanitation  and increase long-term sustainability beyond the project.
Positives:
- can truly help Niger to become a better country
Negatives:
- this project will cost a lot of money ( about 400 million dollars )

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Saudi Arabia Solar Powered Desalination Plants (Malvika)

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Saudi Arabia Solar Powered Desalination Plants (Malvika)

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In order to overcome Saudi Arabia's physical water scarcity, they have created a solar powered desalination plant and rely on it for half of their drinking water.

This desalination plant are good because desalinate 60,000 cubic metres of seawater per day, enough to provide the city of Al Khafji a stable supply of drinking water.

It is bad because desalination plants are powered by oil which contributes to the release of air pollutants. They also impact marine ecosystems with the offload of harmful byproducts.

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Britain ( Sara )

Water Scarcity - Physical
Cause of Water Scarcity - Climate Change, and a growing population
Solution - Making more infrastructure for water storage like reservoirs, managing water usage at home, and building small-scale desalination plants for agriculture.
Positive - Doesn't need a lot of maintenance, and there is a vast supply of seawater.
Negative - There is an environmental impact as the salt left over from the desalination is poured back into the ocean, and it is expensive.

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Watewater Treatment Plant in Windhoek, Namibia

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Windhoek, Namibia is currently facing physical water scarcity. Due to the climate which evaporates 83% of rainfall and a further 1% is infiltrated into the ground. Due to the climate only a little water is left for the people. Therefore, Windhoek, Namibia has physical water scarcity.

The solution they put in place is turning wastewater into drinkable water. They use ozone treatment, ultra membrane filtration and residue chlorination to turn the wastewater effectively, into clean and drinkable water.

A positive side of this method is that turning wastewater into drinkable water is very effective for the 350000 people living in Windhoek, as they keep the cycle going.

A downside of this is that people cannot use natural resources and  it dramatically reduces pollutant discharges.

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Physical water scarcity- because of the growing population and climate change.

To help stop water scarcity- the people in Britain need to stop pre-rinsing their dishes before putting them in the dishwasher. This is estimated to save around 24 Litres of water. They are also building small, cheap desalination plants for agriculture.

Positives- Needs minimal maintenance, Vast supply of seawater.

Negatives- The pipes must be  flushed to clean out  salts and dirt, Expensive, Not good for the sea/environment.

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Perth is in a physical water scarcity

The solution they are doing is a Desalination plant

Positive: Very effective/efficient, its water source is the ocean so it never runs out and provides water to agricultural needs

Negative: Cost a lot to build and operate, uses fossil fuels and it is emitting green house gasses

-Jarrett

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With a massive population of 1.4 billion, China's water is slowly running out. The water has been limited and unevenly dispersed. This is a physical because there isn't enough water and economical because the water is not distributed evenly.

A sponge city is a nature based solution that uses the landscape to retain floodwaters. The main idea of a sponge city is to retain rainwater in urban areas. Paved floors are waterproofed so part of the water evaporates and the other part drains away.
A positive side to this method is that more trees are being planted and better infrastructure is developed to adapt to the sponge city.
A negative side to this method is that it is expensive. Rebuilding a whole new eco city would be very expensive

-Daniel

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NEWater - 20 Koh Sek Lim Road, Singapore (Lucius Ow)

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NEWater - 20 Koh Sek Lim Road, Singapore (Lucius Ow)

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Water demand in Singapore is currently about 430 million gallons a day (mgd) that is enough to fill 782 Olympic-sized swimming pools, with homes consuming 45% and the non-domestic sector taking up the rest - Physical Water Scarcity

The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS), a 48 km long used water superhighway, conveys used water to water reclamation plants to be treated and purified into reclaimed water, or discharged into the sea.

Positive
By 2065 (estimated) NEWater and desalination will meet the majority of Singapore’s future water demand of 860 million gallons a day (mgd)

Negative
However, NEWater will not be able to produce enough potable water to be independent. It is now only able to produce 30 percent of Singapore's demand. In the future, 2060, it is predicted to meet 55 percent of Singapore’s demand.

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California is affected by groundwater drought. This is physical water scarcity because the water is physically not there due to the lack of rain. A solution to this water scarcity would be to recycle and replenish wastewater. This is good as you are using the water that you already have. This is also bad as the wastewater may contain chemicals that are harmful to drinking.

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the thing that is cause water scarcity in morocco is physical water scarcity and is at risk at 22nd place for water scarcity. 10 years of research approximately 500 people in southwest morocco are currently receiving their water from heavy frogs.

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Type of water scarcity
Solution
Positive
Negative