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The Tallmadge amendment was an amendment proposed to join the Statehood Bill by Representative James Tallmadge in 1819. It aimed to make it so that Missouri could join the Union, but only as a free state. Southerners reacted with waves of protest. They believed that Congress should not have the right to decide, but rather leave that power to the States themselves. While the North supported it as it would give them control over Congress.

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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a compromise that added Maine as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state. It also made it so that slavery would not be allowed north of Arkansas. This compromise pleased neither the North nor the South. As no one gained political power, and it had not yet settled the big questions.

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The Nat Turner rebellion was rebellion that happened in 1831 of over 200 slaves which resulted in the death of 55 white people. It started out with Nat Turner, a slave and preacher in Southampton County, VA. Along with the original six men. The South was scared, and immediately took harsh action with tightening the "slave codes." The North felt empowered, and did not like the South's new laws.

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The "Gag Rule" of 1836 was a result of abolitionists flooding Congress with anti-slavery petitions. Instead of deciding on the big question, they voted to set aside indefinitely all of the petitions. The North was very unhappy with this rule as it "gagged," and silenced all of the congressional debate over slavery. While the South supported it as it postponed the debates about ending slavery.

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Wilmot Proviso was a bill that passed in 1846, it stated that their within any part of the territory acquired from mexico there would be no slavery nor involuntary servitude. Southers strongly opposed this amendment, they believed that congress had no right to decide where slaveholders could take their property. While the North fully supported it. This bill passed the House, but was eventually rejected by the Senate.

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In 1849, California applied as a free state. In 1850, it was admitted as a free state. It was also declared that the other territories that the United States had gained from Mexico would be able to decide for themselves whether to permit slavery or not. This agreed with the North as it gave them political power, and prevented slavery throughout the coastline. Yet the South was very angry because it would upset the equal balance, and they would not have any guaranteed land through the gained territory.

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The fugitive slave law was included in the Compromise of 1850. It required the citizens of the free states to return the runaway slaves to their owners. This law caused bitterness between the North and South. The North strongly opposed it and did not want to enforce it. At the same time, the South felt like this law did not do enough to ensure the return of their escaped property.

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Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe was a book published in 1852 that exposed the cruelties of slavery and aimed to help the abolitionist movement. It told the story of a slave and his master. This book turned millions of Northerners against slavery, and the Southerners resented it for that.

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The Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 was a law that allowed for popular soveriegnty. This meant that settlers in that certain territory had the right to decide if slavery would be allowed. This law caused the time period of, "Bleeding Kansas." Both sides fled to the territories, and fights and violence broke out everywhere. The North opposed this law because it meant that slavery was expanding further, and into the same places they were settling. While the South agreed with the law as it gave them the chance to settle above Arkansas.

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The Dred Scott Case was a crucial court case, that would determine the future of the enslaved. In 1857, Dred scott sued the supreme court because he had been taken to a free territory as an enslaved man and had not been proclaimed free. The Supreme court ruled with a 7-2 decision that Dred Scott was not entitled to his freedom, and that African Americans were not citizens so therefore they could not sue in court. They also emphasized that any laws that deprived a slave owner of their property, or slaves, was unconstitutional. Which therefore decided that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, and that congress no longer had power to make laws that decided the issue of slavery. The North was enraged, as now slavery was legal everywhere. While the South celebrated this victory, which would expand slavery and keep the control within the states.

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The Lincoln - Douglas debates of 1858 were a series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. They debated many topics, including slavery while running for the US Senate seat in Illinois. Douglas saw no reason why the US could be half-free and enslaved. While Lincoln famously opinionated, "A house divided cannot stand." The South and North were both becoming more divided as these debates became more widespread, neither of them agreeing on the issue.

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The abolitionist John Brown raided the arsenal of the Harper Ferry in West Virginia in 1859. With these weapons and power he had plans to march his forces through the South and violently free all the slaves. These actions empowered the North, with many cheering him on. While the South became angry and fearful, both about the actions and the Norths supportive reaction.

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Building up to the election of 1860 the South had been threatening to secede from the US if Lincoln was elected. This meant that they would break away into their own union. The North was very happy about the election, as they finally had a president who was working to abolish slavery. The South was fed up, as the election had sent the message that they were now the minorities when it came to federal power.

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When Lincoln's Presidency became a reality, the South followed through with their promises. In 1861, six of the Southern states seceded from the US, with South Carolina starting the movement. They became their own country, The Confederate States of America. The South was fed up and they were in full support and celebration of this action. The North felt that the South did not have the right to do that, and challenged them to return.

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After a tense standoff between both sides the first sign of war began. Within South Carolina during 1861, the Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter. The North was baffled and full of anger when they heard the news that the rebels had unleashed fire on the American flag. While the Southern rebels were done compromising. It was time for a war.