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Art Gallery Of Hamilton. “The Four R’s of Morrisseau.” Art Gallery of Hamilton, 1 Mar. 2019, www.artgalleryofhamilton.com/the-four-rs-of-morrisseau/.

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From the Bingwi Neyaashi Anishinaabek First Nation, this Indigenous Canadian artist is a huge part of the contemporary Indigenous art in Canada. He started to gain traction after being the first Indigenous to host artwork in a major contemporary artwork gallery. In 1971, he co-founded the Professional Native Indian Artists Inc to help other Indigenous artists gain a platform

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Spirits Of The West Coast. “Bill Reid - Haida Artist.” Spirits of the West Coast Art Gallery Inc, spiritsofthewestcoast.com/collections/bill-reid.

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Bill Reid is said to be one of the most influential Northwest Coast artists of the 20th century. He has created many paintings, jewelry, sculptures, etc. He was born on the 12th of January, 1920, and passed away on the 13 of March, 1991. Lots of artwork have been seen on stamps in Canada throughout his 50 year career.

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Oxford University. “Introduction and History | University of Oxford.” Ox.ac.uk, 2018, www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/history.

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In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in around 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, set in motion the University's tradition of international scholarly links. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scholarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognised as a universitas or corporation.

In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (townspeople and students) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of Oxford's colleges, which began as medieval 'halls of residence' or endowed houses under the supervision of a Master. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, which were established between 1249 and 1264, are the oldest.

Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning in the country, and had won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.

From its early days, Oxford was a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a Bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and during the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford.

The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House. In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country.

The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesley's prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.

The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era, especially in religious controversy. From 1833 onwards The Oxford Movement sought to revitalise the Catholic aspects of the Anglican Church. One of its leaders, John Henry Newman, became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and was later made a Cardinal. In 1860 the new University Museum was the scene of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce.

From 1878, academic halls were established for women and they were admitted to full membership of the University in 1920. Five all-male colleges first admitted women in 1974 and, since then, all colleges have changed their statutes to admit both women and men. St Hilda's College, which was originally for women only, was the last of Oxford's single sex colleges. It has admitted both men and women since 2008.

During the 20th and early 21st centuries, Oxford added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as an international focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.

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As the oldest university in the English-speaking world, Oxford is a unique and historic institution. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.

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High Park Nature. Indigenous History of Today’s High Park – High Park Nature. highparknature.org/article/indigenous-history/.

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Active History. “Tenth Anniversary Repost: Listening to History: Correcting the Toronto Metis Land Acknowledgement.” Active History, 26 Nov. 2019, activehistory.ca/2019/11/tenth-anniversary-repost-listening-to-history-correcting-the-toronto-metis-land-acknowledgement/. Accessed 8 June 2023.

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Bolduc, Denise, et al. Indigenous Toronto: Stories That Carry This Place. Google Books, Coach House Books, 27 Apr. 2021, www.google.ca/books/edition/Indigenous_Toronto/ZM7nDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover.

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Oronhyatekha was born on August 10, 1841. In 1862, he became the first Indigenous man to attend Oxford University after quiting his shoemaking career and being dismissed from Kenyon College for lack of funding. He would then have his funding revoked for a previous protest back at Kenyon College by Abraham Nelles. After being placed at his mothers reservation, he began to persue a medical career.
Author:Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere

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Doctor O enrolled into the Toronto School Of Medicine and fell in love and married Deyorouseh in 1863. After Deyorouseh gave birth to his daughter in 1864, he would complete his MB after transferring to Queen's College in 1866 and would get his MD in 1867. In 1878, Doctor O was made Charter member of the court Dufferin in London after being accepted into Independant Order of Foresters. Doctor O would eventually become the chief of the IOF after the organization was falling apart. Doctor O would turn this organization upside down after removing restrictions and becoming better known by helping many communities. People would still criticize the IOF for having a "Indian" leader but this wouldnt affect Doctor O. Doctor O would go on to create Toronto's first skyscraper with the Temple Building at Bay Street. Doctor O would expand the organization but unforntunantly die on March 3rd, 1907
Author:Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere

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Oxford teaching began during the 1096 and between 1249-1264, Balliol and Mertan colleges opened that are now part of Oxford university. The first Indigenous person to go to Oxford was Oronhyatekha, in 1862, nearly 800 years since teachings in Oxford were done.
Authors:University Of Toronto and Mnamaate Gordon-Corbiere

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There are evidence that Indigenous people had been present in the High park area as long ago as 11 000 years ago, there are traces and trails that were created that would eventually become the base to the fur trade networks for Europeans.
Author:Nature High Park

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Toronto's name was originated from an Indigenous name, Tkaronto, it was originally going to be the town of York in 1793, but people didnt really stick with it so they changed it to Toronto. The word Tkaronto means "where there are trees standing in the water".
Author:University Of Toronto Libraries

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Indigenous people werent allowed to dance, practice their religions or hold potlaches in Canada. People would try to remove their Indigenous culture from people because people in power thought of it as a worse religion than their own. They would enforce these things onto Indigenous through residential schools and would do it to younger people so they grow up without their language and because they are very easy to manipulate. Lots of basic rights were taken away from Indigenous through "The Indian Act".
Author:The Canadian Encyclopedia

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From the story "The two lives of Doctor O", we see how Indigenous people are seen as less or worse because people were criticizing the IOF just because it had an Indigenous leader.
Author:Mnawaate Gordon-Corbiere

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Although we are to believe that the Metis community were present in Toronto's land history, there hasnt been any evidence that proves that they were actually present throughout Toronto's land history.
Author:Active History