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The Missouri Compromise is where Missouri continued as a slave state and Maine entered as a "free-soil" state. They are trying to balance out the amount of slave states/free states. Slavery was outlawed above the 36°30' line.

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STOP THE SPREAD!! Of slavery! Slavery was taken from Mexico during the Mexican war.

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Gold was found in California and 300,000 people went there seeking it. Most arrive in 1849 ("49ers").

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admission of California as a "free state," provided for a territorial government for Utah and New Mexico, established a boundary between Texas and the United States, called for the abolition of slave trade in Washington, DC, and amended the Fugitive Slave Act.

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This law allowed territories to decide the fate of slavery based on popular sovereignty, but unintentionally had the effect of increasing tensions between pro-slavery and antislavery forces as they rushed west and had violent clashes over control of territory.

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small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty.

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the U.S. Supreme Court stated that enslaved people were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the federal government or the courts. The opinion also stated that Congress had no authority to ban slavery from a Federal territory

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Where abolitionist John Brown led failed raid to seize weapons, aiming to spark slave rebellion. This escalated tensions and contributed to start of Civil War.

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Abraham Lincoln (Republican) won the presidential election of 1860 in a four-way contest

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forces from the Confederate States of America attacked the United States military garrison at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.

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4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor. Less than 34 hours later, Union forces surrendered. Traditionally, this event has been used to mark the beginning of the Civil War

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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Emancipation Proclamation (January 1, 1863)

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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free."

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July 4- Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrenders to the US Army under Grant. The capture of Vicksburg gives the Unites States complete control of the Mississippi River, a vital supply line for the Confederate states in the west. At Gettysburg, Lee begins his retreat to Virginia.

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A movement of the Union army troops of General William Tecumseh Sherman from Atlanta, Georgia, to the Georgia seacoast, with the object of destroying Confederate supplies.

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Where General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. This ended the American Civil War.

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General Lee's troops were soon surrounded, and on April 7, Grant called upon Lee to surrender

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Post Civil-War era. US works to rebuild/reunite the country; aiming to address issues like civil rights for freed slaves but faced challenges in achieving lasting societal changes

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made slavery illegal in all states.

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Law that tried to make things fair after Civil War, giving rights to African Americans. This aimed to create equal opportunities even though some people didn't like it

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granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to anyone born in the United States or who became a citizen of the country. even freedmen

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Transcontinental RR Completed (May 10, 1869)

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Transcontinental RR Completed (May 10, 1869)

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Railroad from east to west coast of US. Gave faster transportation, trade, and communication, increasing economic growth

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John D. Rockefeller established major oil company which shaped the oil industry and gained wealth. This contributed to the rise of monopolies in the late 19th century

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granted African American men the right to vote.

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Industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, established major steel company. This shaped the US economy, boosting industrialization, and playing key role in growth of cities in late 19th century

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Protest by railroad workers against wage cuts. One of the largest strikes in US history which showed labor issues and lack of workers' rights

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The Compromise of 1877 was when the South agreed to let Hayes take Presidency if Federal troops were removed. 1877 was the end of Reconstruction and the removal of troops left African Americans to fend for themselves.

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Signed the completion of rebuilding after the Civil War, but it also brought about challenges for civil rights as federal support declined

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Labor protest in Chicago that turned violent when bomb was thrown. Shaped labor movements and workers' rights... event itself had negative consequences

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US soldiers killed many Native American Sioux people. Marked the end of armed conflicts between the government and Native Americans, highlighting injustices faced by Indigenous people.

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Labor protest against the Pullman Company over unfair labor practices. This drew attention to workers' rights

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Jim Crow sent laws that required separate facilities for the colors, but they had to be "Separate but equal"