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r, New Spain's Creole and Peninsular elites had united in their opposition

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The process of México emanicipation began as in orther parts of Spains America with the imperial crisis of 1808. Organizating occuped Spain, it precipited a series of a rapid changes flat political, life and theougt.

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The proces of Mexico's emancipation began, as in other parts of Spanish America, with the imperia crisis of 1808

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The foundations of the Spanish empire's legitimacy disintegrated in 1808 when the French invaded the Iberian Peninsula and forced father and son, the contending king Carlos IV and Fernando VII to abdicate

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Miguel Hidalgo's revolt began the war for Mexican independence.

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The armed struggle which began in 1810, opened the door to a process of militarization thet did not end after independence had been achieved

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The provincial economies felt the cost as well: both the
insurgents and the royalists burned and destroyed crops, haciendas, and towns.
When traditional trade networks were destroyed, partisans on both sides were
forced to establish new patterns of trade and new forms of exchange.
As if this were not enough, the Catholic church divided into suppo

Shortly after the disastrous end of Hidalgo and other early insurgent leaders in
1811, Rayon, after informing Viceroy Francisco Xavier Venegas of his intention,
established a governing junta in August 1811 in the town of Zitaicuaro.

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confront a movement that appeared in various regions at the same time. Thus the
royalists reverted to the pre-Bourbon system of local militias, which proved to be
very efficient

During the first phase of the war, the organized royalist forces
defeated the disorganized insurgents on numerous occasions, made Hidalgo and his
followers flee north, and on March 21, 1811, captured the principal leaders, barely
six months after the movement began. Hidalgo was executed.10
The war was bloody and destructive

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The nature of the elections depends on the different electoral practices introduced by the Spanish Constitution in 1812.

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The supreme American national congress established in Chilpancingo in September 1813 constituted a true alternative government.

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On September 6, 1813, the Supreme Congress finally declared the independence of Spain and began to build a new nation.

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After extensive consultations with various sectors of the country, he promulgated a republican constitution in October 1814.

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confront a movement that appeared in various regions at the same time. Thus the

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confront a movement that appeared in various regions at the same time. Thus the

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confront a movement that appeared in various regions at the same time. Thus the

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confront a movement that appeared in various regions at the same time. Thus the