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Patient teaching is an important part of managing schizophrenia and is an ongoing process that is tailored to that individual's needs. Patient teaching enables individuals to better understand their condition and the management that comes with it, allowing them to adhere to treatment plans more effectively and improve their quality of life. Some important patient teachings:

Understanding Schizophrenia: A nurse will explain schizophrenia as a chronic brain disorder that affects thoughts, emotions, and behaviour, as well as how it is a medical condition rather than a personal failing.

Medication Management: A nurse wants to ensure that the patient understands the significance of taking prescribed medications on a regular basis and as directed by their healthcare provider. While discussing the potential benefits and side effects of antipsychotic medications.

Social and Emotional Support: A nurse should encourage the patient to build a support network, including friends and family, as well as attend support programs.

Treatment Adherence: A nurse must emphasize the importance of attending all healthcare appointments and adhering to the treatment plan for the patient.

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Nursing care for a patient with schizophrenia is an important part of their overall treatment and well-being because it necessitates a holistic approach to care. Some Nursing Implications are:

Therapeutic Communication: When communicating with a patient living with schizophrenia, a nurse should use an active listening and nonjudgmental approach, encouraging them to express their thoughts and feelings.

Safety and Crisis Management: A nurse wants to ensure a safe environment and will routinely assess for signs of self-harm and ask the patient about any thoughts of harming themselves or others.

Medication Management: A nurse's role is to ensure that the prescribed medication is administered correctly to the patient and to educate them on the purpose and potential side effects of medications. Additionally, a nurse must monitor medication adherence as well as side effects such as extrapyramidal symptoms or metabolic disturbances.

Psychosocial Support: A nurse wants to encourage social interactions and participation in the unit's support programmes on the unit.

Documentation: A nurse must keep precise documentation of the patient's condition, care given, and response to treatment. In addition, any unusual behaviour, changes in symptoms, or side effects should be documented.

Collaboration with the Healthcare Team: A nurse must collaborate with psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and other healthcare providers. In addition, attend interdisciplinary team meetings to develop and modify treatment plans that will benefit the patients' well-being.

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Anti-depressants:  paroxetine, fluoxetine, citalopram, escitalopram, sertraline and fluvoxamine

Antipsychotics: risperidone, olanzapine, clozapine,

Mood-stabilizers: oxcarbazepine, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine,

Psychotherapy, individual therapy, group/family therapy

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Schizophrenia is primarily diagnosed through clinical evaluation and a thorough psychiatric assessment. There are no conclusive laboratory tests or diagnostic procedures available to confirm the presence of schizophrenia. Certain laboratory and diagnostic tests can be used to rule out other medical conditions, evaluate the patient's overall health, or provide additional information to help with the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.

Mental Status Examination

Physical Examination

Neurological Examination

Reviewing Clinical History

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder that impacts a person's thinking, emotions, behaviour, and perception. The pathophysiology of the mental disorder is not fully understood, but it is thought to be caused by a dysregulation of various brain pathways. The pathway involves neurotransmission abnormalities with either excess or deficiency in neurotransmissions. It is also possible that it is caused by a combination of genetic, neurodevelopmental, neurochemical (dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate), and environmental factors. Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous disorder, which means that different people can have various symptoms and underlying biological abnormalities.

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                                      Schizophrenia

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                                      Schizophrenia

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Patel, K. R., Cherian, J., Gohil, K., & Atkinson, D. (2014, September). Schizophrenia: Overview and treatment options. P & T : a peer-reviewed journal for formulary management. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4159061/

Picchioni, M. M., & Murray, R. M. (2007, July 14). Schizophrenia. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914490/

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Schizophrenia. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia?gclid=Cj0KCQjwsp6pBhCfARIsAD3GZubxhKFzu6Is7N-t0XHjoHBqMndiIlP5KRsFZiUQrItxWokwjIGhviQaAnhEEALw_wcB