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1. Introduction

About the author

About the project

2. Rungus (Magahau)

Who are the Rungus people?

What festival do they celebrate?

How they celebrated the Magahau festival?

YouTube video of the Magahau festival

Journal article

3. Melanau (Kaul)

Who are the Melanau people?

What festival do they celebrated?

How they celebrated the Kaul festival?

YouTube video of the Kaul festival

Journal article

4. Iban (Gawai Dayak)

Who are the Iban people?

What festival do they celebrate?

How they celebrated the Gawai Dayak festival?

YouTube video of the Gawai Dayak

Journal article

5. Dusun (Kaamatan)

Who are the Dusun people?

What festival do they celebrate?

How they celebrated the Kaamatan festival?

YouTube video of the Kaamatan festival

Journal article

6. Murut (the Kalimaran)

Who are the Murut people?

What festival do they celebrate?

How they celebrated the Kalimaran festival?

YouTube video of the Kalimaran festival

Journal article

7. Reflection and references

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Hi, I'm Nur Haziqah from LG2431C. My choice of topic for my E-Portfolio is Traditional Festivals which I'll be presenting about five different communities and they are Rungus, Melanau, Iban, Dusun as well as Murut.

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The Kudat Division in Sabah, Malaysia is home to the Rungus, a people from northern Borneo. The Rungus use the autonym Rungus to identify themselves, their traditions, and their dialect group which is isoglot. The Kudat Division is home to several other self-described Dusunic-speaking ethnic groups, such as the Nulu' and the Gonsomon, who are occasionally confused with the Rungus. 10,000 people were thought to live there in 1960. In 1990, the population was projected to be 25,000 people.

Rungus Dusun | Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rungus-dusun

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Held in Kudat, Matunggong, Kota Marudu, and Pitas, Sabah, Magahau is the celebration of the Rungus people. They celebrated Magahau when there is an abundance of food available or when they want throw a big party. Apart from that, the Magahau festival is a time to celebrate and enjoy each other's company as well as those in nearby communities.

Occasionally, relatives from distant villages are invited to participate in the Mamapak Mamasi Pomogunan ceremony as part of the celebration of Magahau. Food from animals offered as sacrifices during the festivities is served to the guests. Generally speaking, Magahau is not a ceremonial festival in and of itself. It is frequently celebrated independently of other ritualistic festivities such as Mamapak, Lumuvas, Mongulok, Papak Tavasi, and Papak Taraat.

However, because of ingrained notions that a celebration needs to have a reason or involve ritualistic activities, Magahau is perceived from some angles as being connected to rituals. As a result, it is clear that Magahau festivities in the past were accompanied with rites, without which celebration would not have been possible. They also held the belief that in the absence of the rites, malevolent spirits would disturb the society, resulting in pain. The Magahau event was unrestricted by time or season back then as well such as after a harvest season or new year.

Magahau is also categorized as a grand celebration honoring the blessing of an abundance of food. Back then, the Rungus considered having an abundance of food and crops, as well as a peaceful existence, to be a boon. Hence, the celebration serves as a symbol of spreading joy among family members, nearby communities, and other people.

However, it is noteworthy to note that Magahau is currently observed without any ceremonies because the majority of Rungus are Christians and Muslims, who are not bound by the traditional beliefs. As a result, it is evident that although Mamapak is run by individuals who adhere to traditional beliefs, Magahau is run by the Momogun Rungus Sabah Organization (SAMORA).

Magahau Festival. (n.d.). https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/state/category/culture/581

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How do the Rungus people celebrate the Magahau festival?

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How do the Rungus people celebrate the Magahau festival?

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On August 3, in Matunggong Community Hall, twenty-one Rungus beauties will compete for the title of Gimpuhut at the Mitarab Gimpuhut Magahau (MGM) 2019. Contestants in the beauty pageant conducted in connection with the 2019 Magahau Festival will dress in genuine traditional attire and speak in their native tongues. The head of the organising committee for the Magahau Festival, Jose Modsinupu, stated that the competitors familiarised themselves with the Sabah State Museum before the finals.

They also went to a Tuaran orphanage. Following the visit, they went to the Wisma Tun Fuad for a gala night where they paraded their costumes. The Minister of Trade and Industry, Datuk Wilfred Tangau, graced this magnificent evening. According to Jose, in addition to the beauty pageant, there will be a singing competition where the champions from the several zones that are taking part, including Labuan, Kota Marudu, Pitas, Matunggung, Johor, and Kudat, among others, will compete against each other.

In addition, the event will feature the winners of the Mitarab dot Band (Battle of the Band) showcasing their skills.

Along with playing the Sundatang, this year's celebration of the Rungus Sundatang invention (a musical instrument) is also anticipated to take place during the event.

Although Jose stated that more than 500 people are anticipated to attend, he thought that more would show up to see the festival. It is anticipated that Sabah Chief Minister Datuk Shafie Apdal will preside over the function.

The Rungus outfit has a straightforward design. They wear a top called "banat tondu" and the skirt is a knee-length sarong that is called "tapi rinugading". It fits loosely over the head and hangs over the shoulders, like sleeves, over the arms. The belts and necklaces that match with this ensemble are what really add intrigue to it. A wide, vibrant hipband known as orot and is coiled around the hip very gently and delicately to fit.

Next, a final strand of beads, known as lobokon, is slackly suspended from the coil. Two shoulder bands, called pinakol, are worn over each shoulder diagonally and cross over in front. Typically, when wearing this costume, the pattern needs to adhere to historical styles. Additionally, long antique bed necklaces, or "sandang," are draped over the shoulders diagonally.

The Rungus woman has her hair styled in a bun and is donning a titimbok, a multicolored floral headdress. A narrow beaded ring known as a sisingal is fastened over the forehead, and around the nape, multicolored rampai—a row of cloth pieces sewed together—are linked.

Festival wear is when this beaded and belted attire is worn. Rungus ritual specialists do rituals while dressed in full as well.

People & Culture: Rungus - Sabah Tourist Association. (n.d.). 2010. http://www.sta.my/rungus.cfm

Journalist, B. (2019, July 31). BNN JOURNALIST. Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://borneonews.net/2019/07/31/magahau-festival-to-be-held-in/

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The Melanau refer to themselves as "A-Liko X," which translates to "the people of a river, a district, or a village," depending on the context. They claim that the Bruneian Malays gave them "Melanau" and perhaps the name means "coast-dweller" as opposed to "inland-dweller."

There were 1,233,103 people living in Sarawak in 1980. There were 69,578 Melanau, 53,689 of whom were Muslim, 8,486 of whom were Christian, 1,749 of whom were tribal, and 5,328 of whom were registered as having no religion, which meant they practiced tribal religion.

Melanau | Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/melanau

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The Kaul festival is customarily observed by the Melanau group residing in the coastal region of Sarawak. Kaul is the most significant festival in the Melanau traditional calendar since it was originally celebrated as a religious rite to placate the spirits of the land, sea, forest, and farm.

The celebration serves as a sacrifice for good fortune as well as a ceremony of purification and gratitude. These days, the emphasis is increasingly on preserving a legacy. The Melanau calendar, which starts at the conclusion of the Northeast monsoon, officially begins on this day. Every year, the third week of April is when Kaul takes place.

On the right bank of the Mukah River Estuary is where the festival is being held. Throughout the week-long celebration, there will be traditional games, entertainment, and food vendors. The "Serahang," a beautifully painted flat round basket made of sago leaves that is raised on a bamboo pole, will be the main attraction. It will be led by the elders of the Melanau community.

Playing the enormous swing (Tibau) and indulging in the traditional Melanau cuisine (Keman Baw Bateng, or "Makan Beradat" in Malay) are two activities that shouldn't be missed.

Corporate Website of Sarawak Tourism Board. (n.d.). https://stb.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/pages.php?mod=event&sub=event_detail&id=86

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How do they celebrate the Kaul festival?

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How do they celebrate the Kaul festival?

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Before Kaul, villages would be considered forbidden or palei for days. People completed purification rituals and were not permitted to leave or enter during Kaul.

When Kaul begins, the elaborately adorned fishing boats glide along the river while toting the seraheng, a circular, flat basket balanced upon a bamboo stick. It is set out on a riverbank, and the ceremony's Bapa Kaul, or leader, blesses the spirits and washes the offerings with water. The aged and ill used to congregate at the "seraheng" in hopes that the water poured over the gifts would fall on them and purge them of all evil. The ceremony has more social than religious importance these days.

Following the ceremony, there are beach activities, Melanau martial arts demonstrations, dancing, and food. After dusk, the celebrations simply transfer to the Melanau houses situated on rivers and streams, where there are continual feasts and cultural performances. The fishing towns around Mukah have an aura of a bamboo Venice due to their charming native homes, and their friendliness is well-known.

Visitors to Kaul quickly discover why Sarawak is famous for its Melanau food. Their go-to meal these days is the adaptable sago. Visitors' palates are delighted by the multitude of delectable ways that sago can be prepared, and they relish the mouthwatering assortment of delectable delights that are enhanced by the inclusion of seafood.

Melanau men wore headwear inspired by Javanese culture, a canary green chiffon scarf as a waistline, and a dapper jacket-cut tunic with brocade embroidery. Melanau women, meantime, dress in yellow songket sarongs, black satin blouses, and red embroidered chest decorations with string pendants.

The exquisite kain songket they are donning is a Rejang songket, which is incredibly labor-intensive to weave. Naturally, the labor-intensive nature of the kain songket and its elaborate designs translate into premium prices.

History of Kaul Festival. (2010, November 25). The Land of Hornbill’s Celebrations. Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://sharmabelle.wordpress.com/kaul-festival/history-of-kaul-festival/#:~:text=After%20the%20ceremony%20there%20are,performances%20and%20non%20stop%20feasting.

Costume. (2010, November 25). Sarawak Ethnic Groups. https://sarawakethnic.wordpress.com/sarawak-ethnic-group/melanau/clothes/

Costume. (2010, November 18). The World of Bidayuh and Melanau (Paparazzi). https://2010paparazzi.wordpress.com/melanau-2/living-styles/costume/#:~:text=The%20traditional%20Melanau%20costume%20for%20men%20is%20called%20the%20Baban.

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A subset of Borneo's Dayak people are the Ibans. The majority of Ibans in Malaysia are found in Sarawak, with a smaller number also in Sabah and few in western Malaysia. The Ibans live in a world of globalization and technology, and the days of headhunting and piracy are long gone. The Iban population is primarily found in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, and Sarawak, Brunei. They reside in rumah panjai, which are longhouses. The majority of younger Ibans live in cities and spend the holidays returning to their hometowns. Surprisingly, the Ibans are currently growing more urbanized while still maintaining a large portion of their traditional history and culture.

Sadly, the Ibans were stigmatized for being the forerunners in the headhunting industry. The Ibans' practice of headhunting is thought to have begun when their territory became overpopulated. Back then, before the advent of western civilization, it was fatal to trespass onto another tribe's territory. The only way to survive was to confront.

Rhymes, X. (2012, January 31). IBAN HISTORY IN BRIEF. Iban Customs  & Traditions. https://ibancustoms.wordpress.com/iban-history-in-brief/

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Every year on June 1st, Sarawak celebrates the Gawai Dayak festival, which is a social and religious occasion. Dayak is the collective term for the tribes of Iban, Bidayuh, Kayan, Kenyah, Kelabit, Murut, and others. Gawaj implies rite or celebration.

The Gawai Dayak festival, which dates back to 1957, was formally gazetted as a public holiday on September 25, 1964, taking the position of Sarawak Day. Gawai Dayak, which was first observed formally on June 1, 1965, has grown to represent the Dayak community's togetherness, aspirations, and hope. It is now an essential component of Dayak social life.

The Skrang River, The Lemanak River, Batang Ai, and Annah Rais are a few noteworthy locations to visit during the Gawai Dayak festival. One of the greatest occasions to visit Sarawak is during Gawai Dayak, when the local way of life comes to life and there are many of festivals that welcome guests.

GAWAI DAYAK FESTIVAL - Tourism Malaysia Corporate Site. (n.d.). Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.tourism.gov.my/media/view/gawai-dayak-festival

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Making tuak (rice wine) and traditional foods like penganan (rice flour, sugar, and coconut milk) is the first step in the celebration preparations. Glutinous rice, known as ngelulun pulut, is grilled in bamboo on Gawai's eve.

The festivities begin on May 31 in the evening with a ritual known as Muai Antu Rua, which means "to cast away the spirit of greediness" and denotes that the spirit of bad luck will not interfere with the festivities. In the Iban longhouse, two men or children each pulling a chapan (winnowing basket) will walk by the rooms of each household, where they will discard undesired items into the basket. After that, the unwelcome items are flung from the longhouse's end to the ground in an attempt to summon bad luck.

The ritual music, gendang rayah, will be performed prior to the offering ceremony, known as miring, which is scheduled to begin at approximately 6 p.m. When offering a cockerel as a sacrifice, the feast chief will praise the gods for the bountiful harvest and pray for wisdom, blessings, and a long life.

A gong is struck to signal the start of the new year. A procession that walks the whole length of the longhouse in order to greet the spirits known as Ngalu Petara entails. Now that traditional music and dancing are being played, the event becomes even more festive. Others will perform poetry, or pantun.

The next day, there might be blowpipe performances, ngajat (dance) competitions, and cockfighting among other events. The Dayaks will welcome guests into their homes on this day. The custom of serving guests with tuak before allowing them to enter the longhouse is known as masu pengabang in the longhouses. The Gawai Dayak festival is a multi-day event that begins and ends with the Dayaks opening their houses to guests. Many Dayak weddings also occur during this time of year, since it is uncommon for the entire community to congregate in the longhouse at once.

At the stroke of twelve, the gong is struck, and the Tuai Rumah leads the members of the longhouse in a toast with Ai Pengayu, a unique variety of tuak, as they exchange wishes for "Gayu Guru, Gerai Nyamai," or "Long Life, Health, and Prosperity."

New mats will be arranged on the ruai, the open space that spans the length of the longhouse, following a basic cleaning. The walls will be decorated with a display of pua kumbu, a traditional handwoven fabric, which will also be used as tablecloths.

The longhouse's Gawai celebrations provide an excellent opportunity for participants to dress in traditional garb. The women would don the sugu tinggi, an Iban maiden headdress, as a hairpiece while they dressed in the ngepan, a traditional outfit for greeting guests to the longhouse. The men would have a headdress made of peacock feathers and wear cawat or sirat (loin fabric) with necklaces, armlets, and anklets.

The Gawai Dayak celebrations and festivities begin in Kuching, the capital of Sarawak, even a week in advance with charming street parades and cultural events. A beauty contest is held on the eve of the Gawai, with many Gawai Queens crowned—one for each of the communities of Iban, Bidayuh, and Orang Ulu.

GAWAI DAYAK FESTIVAL - Tourism Malaysia Corporate Site. (n.d.). Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.tourism.gov.my/media/view/gawai-dayak-festival

GAWAI DAYAK FESTIVAL - Tourism Malaysia Corporate Site. (n.d.). Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://www.tourism.gov.my/media/view/gawai-dayak-festival

GAWAI DAYAK FESTIVAL - a TIME OF THANKSGIVING AND MERRYMAKING. (n.d.). Retrieved November 5, 2023, from https://sarawaktourism.com/blog/gawai-dayak-festival#:~:text=Gawai%20celebrations%20at%20the%20longhouse,maiden%20headgear)%20as%20hair%20accessory.

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Situated in the northern area of Borneo, the Dusun people speak multiple regional dialects of an Austronesian language family. In the Penampang regional dialect, the Dusun people refer to themselves as "Tuhun Ngaavi" (the people). Geographic designations (such as Tambunan, Penampang, Tempassuk, etc.) and the dominant subsistence activity in rice agriculture—using the descriptors tuhun id ranau (people of the wet rice fields) or tuhun id sakid (people of the hill rice fields) to note a distinction between subsistence based on irrigated rice and on swidden rice cultivation—are common ways that Dusun have identified differences among themselves.

Europeans have been using the name "Dusun" since the nineteenth century, when they began to use the informal Malay term orang dusun (people of the orchards) as a conventional term of reference. The Kalabit, Milanau, and Murut peoples of northern Borneo are included in the Kalimantan nation, which is referred to as the "Dusun" population in modern ethnological literature. The Dusun people started using the term "Kadazan" to refer to themselves and set themselves apart from other indigenous populations in Sabah in the years after the former British colony of North Borneo was incorporated (on September 16, 1963) into the new nation of Malaysia as the state of Sabah. Many Dusun today see the word "Dusun" as a remnant of European colonial rule and as a derogatory ethnic designation that undervalues their rich cultural heritage and experience as a people well-suited to a harsh regional climate.

Dusun | Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dusun

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The Kadazan-Dusun tribe of Sabah has been celebrating the Kaamatan festival for decades as a way to commemorate "Bambazon," or the "Rice Spirit." Among Sabah's populace, this celebration has a high level of popularity. Every year, the entire month of May is dedicated to celebrating the Kaamatan celebration, which peaks on May 30 and 31. The celebration is conducted annually.

Kaamatan is one of the rare remnants of the ancient tribal way of life in Sabah, dating back to a period when the majority of the region's tribes practiced animistic beliefs. May is dedicated to the event, which concludes with two days set aside for public holidays. In addition to being a time for gathering, feasting, and mending connections within the community, Pesta Kaamatan is also a time for offering thanks for the abundant crop. Donning traditional costumes, representatives from every district turn out in force to highlight Sabah's rich and varied cultural legacy.

In the real spirit of Kaamatan, new friendships are formed and old ones are cemented among people of all races, creeds, and cultural traditions as hands are extended in friendship to all celebrants, guests, and visitors alike.

"Tomot," a Kadazandusun word for "harvest," is the root word from which the name "Kaamatan" is derived. The fundamental acts of invocation of divinities, appeasement, purification and restoration, reunion of beneficent spirits, and thankfulness to the Source of All are embodied in the Kaamatan Festival. It is a component of the intricate, well-rounded Momolian religious system that revolves on the life cycle of Bambarayon, the spirit that resides within paddy, and the paddy rites of passage."

But the Kaamatan Harvest Festival is more than just a celebration to mark the start of the harvest season. Telling a myth will let one fully comprehend Kamaatan Harvest Festival.

Everything started when their god, Kinoingan, showed compassion for the people going through a severe famine many moons ago. He chopped his daughter Huminodun into tiny pieces as a sacrifice to save the people. He then spread her flesh across the ground, causing padi (rice) to grow. The rice known as Bambarayon or Bambazon is thought to represent the embodiment of the spirit of Huminodun.

Traditions Of Pesta Kaamatan | SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES. (n.d.). https://sgs.upm.edu.my/article/traditions_of_pesta_kaamatan-67074#:~:text=Kaamatan%20or%20Pesta%20Kaamatan%20is,ethnic%20groups%20in%20the%20state.

Team, A. C. (n.d.). Kaamatan Festival. https://www.amazingborneo.com/travel/Kaamatan%20Festival%20Story

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How they celebrated the Kaamatan festival?

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How they celebrated the Kaamatan festival?

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The Kaamatan Festival is accompanied with a number of events, including a Sumazau dance competition, a "Sugandoi" singing competition, traditional sports, an Unduk Ngadau beauty contest, and many more.

In addition to the competitions mentioned above, there are other activities like displays of Sabah handicrafts and artwork. A few of the handicrafts created by the Sabah people are on display in this exhibition, sure to draw interest from both domestic and foreign visitors. There are also bodybuilding competitions, singing competitions, and dancing performances. Folk sports and gong-hitting competitions have grown to be among the festival's main attractions.

If you would prefer to celebrate Kaamatan as a feast day, there are many different kinds of traditional cuisine and drinks to choose from. For beverages, there are the Linongot, Ombuyat, Borot, Soko Kinapa, Hinava, Tivak Kinapa, Kulupis, Tuhau, and Sambal Mangga; there are also a variety of regional deserts and delicious tapai, bahar, lihing, and montoku rice and coconut wines, all of which are offered for free as long as they last.

The title Unduk Ngadau derives from the ethnic word Runduk Tadau, which means 'the girl crowned by sunlight', and the crowning occurs at the end of the event.

Harvest Festival (Pesta Kaamatan) | Sabah, North Borneo. (n.d.). Sabah, North Borneo. https://sabahtourism.com/article/harvest-festival-pesta-kaamatan/?locale=en

Team, A. C. (n.d.). Kaamatan Festival. https://www.amazingborneo.com/travel/Kaamatan%20Festival%20Story

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The Murut are a group of people who live in various parts of Borneo Island, such as Brunei, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia. Although Sabah is home to the majority of them, some also live in Brunei's rural Temburong District. They were among the final Borneo tribal tribes to give up headhunting. Tagal, Tidung, Timugon, Sembakung, Paluan, Bookan, Kalabakan, and Serundung Murut are the major Murut people groupings. There are about 1,200 people living in Brunei, compared to over 135,000 in Sabah Murut.

Murut literally means 'hill people'. In the past, the Murut were nomadic farmers who relocated their communities every few years. While every ethnic group has its own dialect, the majority of them are also fluent in Malay, the official language of Brunei and Malaysia.

Project, J. (n.d.). Murut, Tagal in Malaysia. https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/15174/MY

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The Murut community celebrates its culture every year with the Kalimaran Festival. Kalimaran, which translates to "Muruts' craftsmanship," refers to their extraordinary beadwork and other crafts. Young lady is called Ralaa, and hardworking, strong-willed, conscientious, and trustworthy is called Alimar. The third-largest indigenous tribe in Sabah, the Murut, are honored with this festival, which honors their distinctive arts and culture.

According to legend, the Murut tribe's traditional handicraft is linked to the somber occasion of having to sacrifice Ralaa. Ralaa gave her life in return for a plentiful harvest for her brother's padi field. Ralaa was renowned for her skill as a craftswoman, working with materials like rattan and bamboo.

In the state of Sabah, the Kalimaran Festival is a cultural celebration for the Murut ethnic group. The Murut Tenom Cultural Center in Sabah hosts this festival annually from March 31 to April 1. The Murut tribe will also showcase live components from a variety of artistic and cultural disciplines throughout this festival.

The Federal Government, the Tenom District Office, and the Sabah State Government work together to arrange the annual Kalimaran Festival, which was initially announced by the former in 2003. The event also hopes to draw more visitors to the Tenom district from both domestic and foreign locations so they may experience the culture and variety of Murut tribe handicrafts firsthand. The Murut tribe also offers a variety of traditional foods and traditional dancing performances.

Kalimaran Festival. (n.d.). https://pemetaanbudaya.jkkn.gov.my/en/state/category/culture/580

Murut&#8217;s Kalimaran Festival. (2021, January 18). MySabah.com. https://www.mysabah.com/wordpress/muruts-kalimaran-festival/

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How do they celebrate the Kalimaran festival?

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How do they celebrate the Kalimaran festival?

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The purpose of this celebration is to pay tribute to the diversity of Murut culture and to encourage socio-cultural endeavors. This will allow Murut's sub-ethnic groups to exhibit their unique traditions, including traditional foods, handicrafts, and artifacts, during the event.

In addition, there will be entertaining events and competitions such the handicraft exhibition, singing competition, Kalimaran Queen competition, and concert. Two of the murut sub-ethnic groups, Tagol and Timugon, will also stage their fictitious nuptials.

Festival | murutpeople. (n.d.). Murutpeople. https://oscaryip4315.wixsite.com/murutpeople/festival#:~:text=THE%20MURUT%20PEOPLE&text=Apart%20from%20this%2C%20there%20will,also%20perform%20their%20mock%20wedding.

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Here are the examples of the Kaul festival's activities in back in 2014.

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This video attached here is to show how the Gawai Dayak was celebrated once in 2013.

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#PETRONASGawai Episode 9: The Celebration

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This is one of foreigners' experience at the Kaamatan festival last year, 2022.

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Foreigners' experience at Sabah Harvest Festival (Pesta Kaamatan 2022) 🇲🇾

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This is one of the Kalimaran festival's activities, Tagal ethnic's dance recently in 2023.

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Persembahan Tarian Murut Etnik Tagal,Sarawak Borneo (Pesta Kalimaran 2023)

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Here is the gift giving ceremony of Gimpuhut competition during the Magahau festival in 2019.

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PENYAMPAIAN HADIAH GIMPUHUT - PESTA MAGAHAU MASANGKONG - ZON KUDAT 2019

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Key points from the article:

1. Traditionally, the Rungus ethnic group's way of life was governed by hereditary taboos, customs, and traditional beliefs.

2. The ritualistic ceremonial involvement in the Magahau celebration, according to the ethnic Rungus, is necessary for their safety and protection from the intervention of supernatural powers.

3. The idea of Magahau has evolved from ceremonial rites to mass gatherings as the Rungus culture has transformed.

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51200/ga.v12i2.3975

Keywords:
Magahau, Rungus, kepercayaan tradisional, Sabah, traditional beliefs

Abstract

Magahau merupakan perayaan tradisional yang disambut secara meriah dan besar-besaran oleh komuniti Rungus di daerah Kudat, Sabah. Istilah magahau membawa pengertian sebagai berpesta, mengadakan keramaian atau mengadakan kenduri. Kehidupan seharian etnik Rungus dahulu terikat dengan amalan kepercayaan tradisi, adat istiadat dan pantang larang yang telah diwarisi. Dengan demikian, perayaan magahau hanya akan dijalankan setelah semua upacara ritual selesai dilakukan. Etnik Rungus mempercayai bahawa amalan penyertaan upacara ritual dalam perayaan magahau adalah penting bagi tujuan keselamatan dan perlindungan mereka daripada gangguan kuasa ghaib. Bagaimanapun, etnik Rungus tidak lagi meneruskan amalan dan kepercayaan ini bersesuaian dengan perubahan kehidupan semasa etnik Rungus. Menerusi kajian etnografi, kajian ini menganalisis sistem kepercayaan dan amalan tradisi etnik Rungus melalui persembahan magahau. Hasil pemerhatian dan analisis mendapati bahawa transisi kehidupan komuniti Rungus telah mengubah konsep magahau dari upacara ritual ke pesta keramaian. Kajian seumpama ini penting sebagai usaha memelihara warisan ini untuk rujukan generasi akan datang.
Magahau is a traditional celebration renowned by the Rungus community in Kudat district, Sabah. The term magahau carries the meaning of partying, holding a crowd or having a feast. The daily life of the Rungus ethnicity was once tied to the practice of traditional beliefs, customs and even taboos that had been inherited. Thus, the magahau will only be carried out after all the ritual ceremonies have been performed. Ethnic Rungus believes that the practice of ritual ceremonial participation in the magahau festival is important for the purpose of their safety and protection from the interference of supernatural forces. However, the Rungus ethnicity no longer continues with this practice and belief is in line with the changing life during the Rungus ethnicity. Through ethnographic studies, this study analyzed the belief system and practices of Rungus ethnic traditions through magahau performances. The results of observations and analysis have found that the transition of life of the Rungus community has changed the concept of magahau, from ritual ceremonies to crowd parties. Such studies are important as a measure to preserve this heritage for future generations of reference.

Author Biographies

Esterlina Moo Chin Len Lazarus

Akademi Seni dan Teknologi Kreatif (ASTiF),

Universiti Malaysia Sabah

Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman

Kolej Pengajian Seni Kreatif,

Universiti Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam, Selangor

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Authors Esterlina Moo Chin Len Lazarus Mohd Kipli Abdul Rahman

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MAGAHAU RUNGUS: DARI UPACARA RITUAL KE PESTA KERAMAIAN | Jurnal Gendang Alam (GA)

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Magahau merupakan perayaan tradisional yang disambut secara meriah dan besar-besaran oleh komuniti Rungus di daerah Kudat, Sabah. Istilah magahau membawa pengertian sebagai berpesta, mengadakan keramaian atau mengadakan kenduri. Kehidupan seharian etnik Rungus dahulu terikat dengan amalan kepercayaa…

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Kalimaran Festival

The Kalimaran Festival is an annual cultural celebration of the Murut community. This festival celebrates the unique arts and culture of the Murut, the third largest indigenous group in Sabah. Legend has it that the local handicraft of the Murut tribe has ties to a solemn event of having to sacrifice a native girl named Ralaa, who sacrificed herself in exchange for a bountiful harvest for her brother's padi field. Ralaa was known to be a great craftsperson using items such as bamboo and rattan.

The Kalimaran Festival is a Cultural Festival for ethnic Murut in the state of Sabah. This festival is usually celebrated on 31 March - 1 April every year at the Murut Tenom Cultural Center, Sabah. This festival also would displays the live elements of the Murut tribe from various aspects of art and culture.

The Kalimaran Festival was first introduced by the Sabah State Government in 2003 and is organized by the Sabah State Government in collaboration with the Tenom District Office and the Federal Government. This festival also aims to attract more tourists from home and abroad to come to the Tenom district and see for themselves the culture and diversity of handmade handicrafts from the Murut tribe. In addition, there are also various traditional dishes and traditional dance performances of the Murut tribe.
Venue: Murut Tenom Cultural Centre, Sabah.

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Kalimaran Festival The Kalimaran Festival is an annual cultural celebration of the Murut community. This festival celebrates the unique arts and culture of the Murut, the third largest indigenous group in Sabah.

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Reflection & References EIC404 Assesment 1