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Began circa 700 B.C.
Pericles was the leader of Ancient Athens, he died of a plague that swept through the city. He was a very successful leader.
Operated under an Oligarchy led by the central Leader Pericles

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Founded in 753 B.C. Lasted for 400 years until becoming the Roman Empire
Had a class structure of Patricians and Plebeians, the Patricians being the upper class and the Plebeians being the lower class
Government was centered on a senate of 300 people and two consuls. Most officials were of the Patricians but over time Plebeians were elected too.

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5th Century-16th Century
One central lord(sometimes a monarch) leads with lesser lords pledging their allegiances, vassals served the lord
Serfs were the bulk of the populations, and the lowest of the class system, vassals were the highest tier before you got to lords.

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300-800AD
Became the official church of the Roman Empire in 380AD, as most people switched to Catholicism the Catholic Church gained more and more power throughout the Roman Empire, and eventually they became the supreme rulers of the Roman Empire
The Pope and Bishops became very important figures in Roman Politics and often confided with the lords over political issues.

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Became powerful by mid-late 1400s
A version still exists today
Several famous Monarchs include King Henry VII, King Elizabeth II, and King Louis XVI.
Monarch sits at the very top with Nobles, Knights, Vassals, General Workers, and Peasants all below in that order

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Started to rise in the late 1400s-Early 1500s
It is the control of a nation that you do not live in, so for instance the British owned what would later become the United States whilst being an entire ocean away.
Is led by whoever the leader of the owning country is
Allowed the spread of merchants, scholars, and religions throughout the world

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Works in tangent with Monarchies and Colonialism
Wealth increases the absolute power of Monarchs and increases control over the Colonies and general people
Monarchs will do anything to increase their wealth and power even if it means a lesser well being for the people living under their rule.

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Lasted from about the 1300s-1800s
Major enlightenment figures include, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Voltaire, and Montesquieu.
Actively challenged most forms of government for their flaws and worked to create an ideal society.

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British Monarchy
- while the monarchs can step in and majorly affect governmental processes, most of the actual work in government is done by Parliament while the Monarchs are more the faces of the country.
Saudi Arabia
- King Salman is the absolute monarch of this country and has limitless power to hold change whatever he would want in the country.