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Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

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Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

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Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

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The battle of Batoche, in 1885 was a big conflict between the métis, that was led by Louis Riel, and Gabriel Dumont. They were defending their settlement of Pratash against the Canadian government. Canadian military were stronger and one of the battle. This led to the end of the métis resistance and Riels capture.

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Batoche National Historic Site, Batoche, SK

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The battle of Vimy ridge was fought in 1917 during the first world war. This battle was the first time all four divisions of Canadian corpse fought together. They were able to achieve and get the victory. This success was a very important moment, showing the strength of Canadian soldiers.

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Treaty 4 was sign in 1874 at Fort Qu’Appelle, Saskatchewan. The treaty covers parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. It was signed to create peace between the Crown and the Indigenous peoples. The Crown promised to give land, tools, education, and payments.

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Fort Carlton Provincial Historic Park, Saskatchewan 212, Duck Lake, SK

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Treaty 6

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Treaty 5

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Manitoba House, Rupertsland, Treaty 2

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site, Provincial Trunk Highway 9, Saint Andrews, MB

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Treaty 1

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Treaty 7

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Treaty 8

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Unorganized North Cochrane District, ON, Canada

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Unorganized North Cochrane District, ON, Canada

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Unorganized North Cochrane District, ON, Canada

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Treaty 9

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Treaty 10

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Treaty 11

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The Oka Crisis started in 1990. The crisis began because the `town of Oka in Quebec decided they wanted to build a golf course. The land the wanted to build it on, was claimed by the Mohawks, which was a Indigenous community. This conflict involved protests, roadblocks, and armed stand offs. The crisis shows the Indigenous right issues in Canada.

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Red River Exhibition Park, Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB

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Louis Riel, a very important leader of the Metis Resistance movements. He fought for rights and recognition of the Metis people where the Canadian government was expanding and trying to take over the Metis. Riel's actions really set the tone with the French-English, where Riel was debating and fight for his rights.

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Red River Exhibition Park, Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB

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The battle of Duck Lake was a really important event that led up to the Battle of Batoche. This fight was a smaller fight between the Métis, and the North-West Mounted Police. This fight made things much worse between the Métis people and the Canadian government. After Duck Lake, both sides ended up making a bigger conflict with one another which led up to the Battle of Batoche.

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Ontario join confederation in 1867. When joining confederation, Ontario wanted to keep their political power and economic stability. They also wanted to expand their for trades. The province of Ontario was able to offer a large population and a strong economy.

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when joining confederation, Nova Scotia was able to offer their food and resources to the other provinces. They were also able to offer a place that was on the Atlantic coast which could help Canada in many ways, especially the trades. With Novia Scotia not being very populated, they wanted to have some type of defence. They wanted the military to protect the province.

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New Brunswick wanted to really important things when join confederation. First they wanted financial support, and they wanted railway connections to boost the trade. (The railway). With New Brunswick not being a bigger province as well, they wanted to have some type of protection. They were also able to give timber resources and building skills that could be beneficial for the railway.

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Quebec join the confederation of Canada in 1867. They wanted to keep their culture, language, and the religious rights. Quebec also wanted to maintain its civil law system. Quebec was able to offer their amazing culture of the French. Quebec also had many agriculture resources, which would help the economy.

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The first residential school in Canada was established in Brampton, Ontario. The schools were created to put Indigenous children into the school so they can learn Canadian society. The government and churches ran the schools, trying to show Indigenous children how to live the white culture. Children were forced and taken away from their families and placed into the schools. They had to change their type of clothing and had to cut off the hair where the government wanted these children to get away from the culture as far as possible. Part of the reason why residential schools were made was because John A. MacDonald began building the railway and there were many places that they had ran into with Indigenous land.

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The Chinese exclusion was a big part of Canadian history. The Canadian Pacific Railway hired many Chinese workers to build the railway. These workers faced harsh conditions and barely got paid. They were paid less than white workers even though they did much dangerous work and worked longer than the whites did every day. The Canadian government put up head taxes on Chinese immigrants coming into Canada. This meant that all Chinese people had to pay $50 in order to get into Canada. After paying their tax and getting into Canada, they immediately got out to work.

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The Canadian Pacific Railway began, and Bonfield, Ontario. The CPR was built to connect British Columbia with the rest of Canada. The main goal was to prevent the United States from expanding into British Columbia. It was also a way to move our goods and help out with the trades across the country. The railway will allow to transport goods and resources in a fast amount of time. This created new stores and new job opportunities. The railway also opened up the west for settlement and agriculture. Overall, the railway was mainly to unite the country all together.

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The Canadian pacific railway was completed in 1885. The CPR started the Chinese exclusion and the residential schools, aiming for the Chinese and Indigenous peoples. Overall, the railway was a big success where Canada’s provinces were able to join together and help each other out whether it was with the trades, moving military, etc.

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John a McDonald grew up in Kingston Ontario. He was a key figure of the creation of Canada. He played a very big role in the confederation or people now call him the father of confederation. Macdonald was the first person able to join provinces and make them into to one big country. This meant he was also the first Prime Minister. He was fully dedicated to make Canada one of the most successful countries in the world. This is where he began building the railway scores the whole country. He was then buried I’m Kingston.

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Saskatchewan became a province in 1905. Before Saskatchewan was a thing, it was a part of the Northwest Territories. The provinces name comes from the Saskatchewan River. This river was named by the Cree people where the Canadian government was able to create the province of Saskatchewan. Making a new province was to encourage settlement and growth. Saskatchewan joined as the 10th province in Canada.

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Alberta also became a province in 1905. It was created the same year as a Saskatchewan. Before, it was also a part of the Northwest Territories. The province is named after Princess Louise, Caroline Alberta, which was the daughter of Queen Victoria. During the creation of Alberta, the Canadian government really wanted to develop the area. Alberta’s economy grew rapidly where they have many agriculture recourses and later on oil.

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Budge Budge, Calcutta, West Bengal, India

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The Komagata Maru voyage began in Hong Kong, then a stop in Yokohama, then Japan, before they made its way to Calcutta in India. People boarded the ship with a dreams of a better future and immigrating into Canada at the time India wasn’t the best place to live where the Immigrants really wanted to change their life. So, they decided to make it across the whole world. They arrived in Vancouver, British Columbia.

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Budge Budge, Calcutta, West Bengal, India

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The Calcutta ship was able to end up in Canada in hopes for a new life, but that ended quickly. After on the ship across the whole world, Canadian officials stop them from getting off the ship because of unfair immigration rules. Most of the people on the ship weren’t allowed into Canada and had to stay on the ship. They had to take the ship back to India which was very upsetting.

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Passchendaele was a brutal battle in the WWl. Canadian soldiers for briefly and terrible conditions. They were facing the German army and search muddy conditions. The Canadians launched several attacks, and they eventually captured the village of Passchendaele. The battle of Passchendaele is known for its extreme weather conditions and heavy losses.

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This was a big trading post for the Indigenous and the French. This was Champlain's first stop in North America. The trading post was huge here because of the water ways. The river flows far through Canada, and it's by the ocean.

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Champlain explore the bay of Fundy, where he was looking for suitable locations that the French could settle up. He kept on mapping the coast lines and waterways for his trading business. His explorations helped. Establish French live in this region. The reason why Champlain, one of the French to stay here was because the base resources for very important to the French settlers.

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Champlain’s voyages to Ottawa was to expand the French trade and get along with the indigenous peoples even more. He use the Ottawa river as a crucial route for his trading. These travels made a very close relationship with the Indigenous where they were the ones that ran the river.

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Samuel de Champlain’s voyages started in Normandy, France which was his home country. And he wanted to explore and make maps of the land for French. Champlain also wanted the to vegan and build French colonies where France will become more powerful. Champlain first decided defined a route to Asia, but didn’t find it. So, Champlain made his voyage across the ocean to North America. He then started making his way throughout Canada.

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Tadoussac was a very important place for Champlain‘s voyage. This place was a key point for trade and exploration. His arrival, he got into the fur trading business with the Indigenous people he met there. They were able to exchange goods. Champlain gave them European goods where the Indigenous gave him valuable furs. Champlain explored mapping out the areas and gathering information from the Indigenous. He formed with local Indigenous groups, trying to strengthen the French because they didn’t know what they were getting into. Champlain stayed here for several months before making it into the St. Lawrence River.

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Champlain then sailed to Quebec City. This was a big part of the reason it became a French province. He made bases for all the French people the came with Champlain. He wanted base for defence, but also to live where they can live there longer because of the trades. Quebec City grew and the French Culture got larger. This helped shaped Canadas future.

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Champlain's Voyage (Gulf of St Lawrence)

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Champlain's Voyage (Gulf of St Lawrence)

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Samuel de Champlain sailed into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He was able to explore the area and map the course the lines. He was noting the key landmarks and waterways. He was able to interact with many Indigenous groups where he was able to get some training opportunities. Champlain search for a Northwest passage, hoping to find a route to Asia. He didn’t stay at the Gulf of St. Lawrence for a long time, but use it for a base and a place to stay before he moves on to his next destination.

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Annapolis Royal was the place that Champlain helped establish one of the earliest French settlement in North America. Champlain for six for the surrounding areas, mapping the coast lines. He work to build relationships with the local people. This sermon became a key base for French peoples and helped severly with the trades later on.

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Champlain then kept on moving to the west into the Ottawa river, trying to expand his French trading with the indigenous. His main idea was to make alliances with the Indigenous people along the Ottawa River. This was a big thing for him where the Ottawa River was a big route for his expansion to move west for his trades. His trades helped him become so close with the Indigenous where the French started to move for months and later on permanently in the future.

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During Champlain, stay in North America, he found a big body of water, which she named Lake Champlain. This lake connects to the St. Lawrence and Hudson River, making this place a very valuable place to have. With those 2 rivers connecting, it would be easier with the trades. Champlain had to fight in battles to keep this lake for him and the French. This marked a long conflict over the fur trade and the land.

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Located in Punnichy, Saskatchewan. The last Residential School to be closed (1996). After generations, Indigenous children were forced to attend and be separated away from their families and cultures. During school, they often got abused even thought they’re trying to switch their cultural identities. The ending of Gordon school in 1996 marked a huge turning point but yet it’s history still matters for how we understand things today.

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Robert Latimer lived on a farm near Wilkie Saskatchewan. His daughter, Tracy, had severe severe palsy and suffered constant pain. In 1993, Robert killed Tracy by carbon monoxide poisoning. Robert then, got charged with murder. This made people debate whether he shouldn’t have gotten charged with murder. The jury gave him a second-degree murder. The Supreme Court upheld this conversation, but he received the parole after serving a reduced sentence.

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Canada wanted its own unique flag in the 1960s. There was a big debate in parliament about making a new flag. The red and white Maple Leaf flag design was eventually picked. This became Canada’s official flag on February 15, 1965. Red and white were chosen for their symbol meaning. The Maple leafs stands for Canada’s identity and nature.

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Nunavut was created on April 1, 1999. It was formed from the eastern part of the northwest territories. This new territory was to give the Inuit people or self governance Nunavut was created on April 1, 1999. It was formed from the eastern part of the northwest territories. This new territory was to give the Inuit people or self governance. The reason why they chose the name “Nunavut” was because it meant “our land”. The creation of Nunavut shows and recognizes the Indigenous rights and cultures.

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COVID-19 was a virus that happened started in late 2019. The virus spread it quickly globally. Common symptoms, including fever, cough, loss of taste, or smell‘s. The virus usually spread through breathing, coughing, and sneezing. Wearing masks and social distancing help control its spread. Vaccines were quickly developed during the pandemic. Globally, COVID-19 has caused over 7 million deaths, and there have been more than 700 million cases.

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The Ukrainian war began in 2014 and got worse during 2022. The Russian were invading Ukraine. Canada is helping Ukraine by sending money, weapons, aid, and soldiers. Canada also supports Ukraine in groups like the UN and NATO. Many Ukrainians have come to Canada for safety. Canada once you’re crying to be free and safe trying to help the best they can.

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Free healthcare in Canada evolve over time, but started in Ottawa. The Medical Care Act in 1966 started free healthcare to ensure everyone could access essential medical services. One of the main reasons why they started. This was because of the post World War ll. There was a push for social programs, including healthcare. Saskatchewan lead the way, then the federal legislation in the 1960s. This was a way to improve public health and for all Canadians to be well kept and healthy. 60 years later we still have free bleach care.

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The discovery of unmarked graves at Canadian residential schools begin in 2021. These findings confirmed the abuse and deaths indigenous children forced to attend these situations. These findings sparked many people and demands for justice. Investigations are still going on to identify the remains and provide closure to the indigenous communities. The main focus now, is on the truth, reconciliation, and honouring the memory of those children.

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Terry Fox was a young Canadian that had started his marathon of hope in 1980 to raise money for cancer research. Having his lost leg to cancer, he aim to run across Canada. He ran all the way from St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador to Thunder Bay, Ontario. Sadly, his cancer returned, and he had to stop where he died in Thunder Bay. He ran approximately 5300 km and was able to inspire millions of people across the country.

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The battle of Ortona took place in Italy during WWll. Canadian soldiers fought in these battles. They faced German forces in the town of Ortona. The battle was fought house to house where the Canadians eventually captured Ortona after heavy losses.