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- The war began on July 28, 1914 with the Austro-Hungarian Empire's declaration of war on Serbia, where Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were murdered.

- World War I, had various causes, but its roots lie in a complex web of alliances between the European powers. In essence, it was the mistrust between - and militarization of - the informal "Triple Entente" (Britain, France and Russia) and the secretive "Triple Alliance" (Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy).
The most powerful players, Britain, Russia and Germany, ruled world colonial empires that they wanted to expand and protect. Throughout the 19th century, they consolidated their power and protected themselves by forging alliances with other European powers.

- The immediate cause of World War I that made the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the murder of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian-nationalist terrorist group called the Black Hand sent groups to  murder the Archduke.

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World War II or the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
The exact causes of World War II are debated, but contributing factors included the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, the Spanish Civil War, the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Soviet–Japanese border conflicts and rising European tensions since World War I.
One consequence of World War II was the division of German territory among the victors. After the Yalta Conference in 1945, the Allies took over four autonomous zones of occupation. To this end, they established an Allied Control Council at the outset. The decision was ratified at Potsdam.
Maria Paula Caviedes
Geraldinne Chaparro
Daniela Clavijo Acevedo
Lucia Cerquera Mojica

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Jennifer Contreras Beltrán
Juan Camilo Garcia
Helen Katherine Forero
Daniela Marcela Espitia
Andres Felipe Forero

1929

Background

After the First World War, the United States of America was the main world producer and exporter of raw materials, industrial and food products, but the great indebtedness that the main nations reached with that country caused the European bloc to suspend purchases from power, so it had nowhere to put the surplus production given the drop in sales abroad.

Some authors affirm that it was a consequence of low consumption, rather than overproduction; that is, the problem was not excess supply, but rather the reduction in demand: when consumption levels are low, not everything that is produced is acquired.

On Black Tuesday, 29 October, 16 million shares were sold on the Stock Market in Wall Street and the US economy collapsed completely.

In 1920, people became attracted to investments during World War I due to the government started selling war bonds, they were more interested because they saw wealthy people making huge profits from buying and selling shares, they borrowed money to buy shares and then held on to them until they were worth more than the debt. Then they sold the shares, paid off the original debt and made a profit.

Consequences of the Wall Street Crash
The Wall Street Crash had consequences in the short, medium and longer term. In the days that followed the crash there was a banking crisis. Banks themselves were investors and they suffered as the stockmarket prices spiralled downwards. Many banks closed, lots of them permanently. This led to savers losing money and access to what was left being restricted. Overall, there was great misery.
On October 18, the market went into freefall and a rush to buy shares gave way to an equally wild rush to sell. The first day of true panic, October 24, is known as Black Thursday; A record 12.9 million shares were traded that day as investors scrambled to salvage their losses.
People struggled to buy basic goods, such as food and clothing.

The number of deaths directly linked to starvation increased during the Depression, and many other illnesses and deaths were related to a lack of nutrition.

Indebtedness

Internal: in the United States, North American investors invest all their life savings since, with little money, great fortunes could be amassed; they began to buy through loans, but without sufficient guarantees or means to pay; loan officers went to their bank and handed out unsecured loan slips, banks went to the Federal Reserve for gold, but with no demand, investors ran out of money to pay their loans, and banks couldn't pay to the Federal Reserve, which ran out of capital, and the banks became indebted to the country; investors indebted to the banks are forced to sell and the stock market suffers a significant decline, with countries losing a large part of their gold reserves due to inflation.

External: excessive supply and very little demand caused indebtedness and deflation that made countries take drastic measures to cover their indebtedness; European countries ask for money, especially from the US after the war, due to reconstruction. The public debt of France multiplied by 6.5, that of Great Britain by 11 and that of Germany by 27.

How was the attempt

At noon, a horse-drawn wagon passed through the crowd and parked in front of the Morgan Bank offices at 23 Wall Street, on the busiest corner of the financial district. Inside there was 45 kg of dynamite that exploded with a clockwork mechanism. The horse and cart flew through the air to pieces, killing more than 30 people almost instantly. Most of the victims were clerks, messengers, stenographers, and Stock Exchange employees, and it destroyed the Morgan Bank building facilities.

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Russia's civil war  7 nov 1917 - 25 oct 1922

The Russian Civil War was a multiple armed conflict that took place between 1917 and 1923 in the territory of the dissolved Russian Empire, between the new Bolshevik government and its Red Army, in power since the October Revolution of 1917, and on the other side the military of the former Tsarist army, grouped in the so-called White Movement, composed of conservatives and liberals, favorable to the monarchy and closely related to the Russian Orthodox Church, as well as the democratic socialists: Revolutionary Socialists and Mensheviks opposed to the Bolshevik revolution.

All sides had temporary allies, the Red Army often with leftists and revolutionary groups, and the White Army forces with many foreign armies, support called "Allied Intervention in Russia."

🟣 Initial phase (late 1917 to 1918)
It began with the uprising of the Cossacks
🟣 Intermediate phase (1919 to 1920)
characterized by fierce fighting between the whites
🟣 Final phase (1921 to 1923)
After the defeat of the Whites, the international intervention force evacuated Russia

Kimberly jimenez
Paula millan
Cristan palacios
Dilan padilla
Diana Olaya

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-The Great Depression of the late 1920s and ’30s remains the longest and most severe economic downturn in modern history. Lasting almost 10 years (from late 1929 until about 1939) and affecting nearly every country in the world, it was marked by steep declines in industrial production and in prices (deflation), mass unemployment, banking panics, and sharp increases in rates of poverty and homelessness. In the United States, where the effects of the depression were generally worst, between 1929 and 1933 industrial production fell nearly 47 percent, gross domestic product (GDP) declined by 30 percent, and unemployment reached more than 20 percent. By comparison, during the Great Recession of 2007–09, the second-largest economic downturn in U.S. history, GDP declined by 4.3 percent, and unemployment reached slightly less than 10 percent. There is no consensus among economists and historians regarding the exact causes of the Great Depression. However, many scholars agree that at least the following four factors played a role.

The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world the stock market crash; the collapse of world trade due to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff; government policies; bank failures and panics; and the collapse of the money supply are the principal causes of the Great Depression.

Just as there is no general agreement about the causes of the Great Depression, there is no consensus about the sources of recovery, though, again, a few factors played an obvious role. In general, countries that abandoned the gold standard or devalued their currencies or otherwise increased their money supply recovered first (Britain abandoned the gold standard in 1931, and the United States effectively devalued its currency in 1933). Fiscal expansion, in the form of New Deal jobs and social welfare programs and increased defense spending during the onset of World War II, presumably also played a role by increasing consumers’ income and aggregate demand.

Names:
Valentina Garzón Cruz.
Joshua Gutierrez Amado.
Silvana Reina Gómez.
Jessica Alexandra Gómez Rivera.

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The thermometer:  In 1714 Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the mercury thermometer, was an important success in the technological development of medicine.

The pendulum clock: was invented in 1656 by the Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens, being patented the following year. Huygens commissioned the construction of his designs from the clockmaker Salomon Coster, and was inspired by the investigations of pendulums begun by Galileo Galilei around 1602.

The steam machine: Thomas Newcomen developed the atmospheric steam engine in 1712 to extract water from mines.  His machine worked by releasing steam into a chamber, in which it cooled and condensed.

The lightning rod (1752)
Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning can be attracted and its discharge can be conducted to the ground, thus avoiding damage to people and buildings.
His invention took shape by tying a kite to a thin metal body (a key) supported by a silk thread.
The kite flying through the storm was quickly struck by lightning, charging the power switch.

Leidy Peña
Andres Patiño
Nicoll Rodríguez
Lorena Sarta

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-Sports
Sports in modern times emerged of the period the idea of sport as a useful tool grew to grand historic dimensions.
In early modern Europe, sports served the emerging centralized monarchies by symbolizing power and cultivating popular support. Monarchs commandeered the older sporting practices of the aristocracy in order to celebrate regal prowess and wealth. At the same time sport became a central element in the education of European elites.
Some characteristics
In sport many nationalists thought that they had discovered an elemental force for making the French Revolution's three criteria for modern nationhood liberty, equality, fraternity into social realities. Through modern sport they proclaimed the end of the old sporting order of ancien regimes and the rise of new national pastimes, from cricket to prize fighting to varieties of football to baseball.  Sport also became a testing ground for modern notions of equality.

which were the sports?

In the modern period the civilization changed a lot of, and one of the biggest change was the social divisions where we can found a new order; because this the sports were really different between the nobility and the common people; the nobility practiced: fencing, horseback riding, hunting, archery, swimming, bowling; on the other hand, the common people used to practice racing, wrestling, weightlifting, Soule, hurling, golf, ice hockey, cricket.

-Music
The modern era has been a period of massive technological and sociopolitical change, largely brought about by the advancement of technology through cars, airplanes, spaceships, and telephones, radio, television, the Internet, etc.). There have been wars, including two major world wars that dramatically affected every aspect of life in Europe and America between 1914 in World War I and 1939 in World War II.
This period has been one of turbulent changes in musical style and taste. Many modern "art music" composers have explored non-traditional sounds and based their music on rhythm, texture, and tone color, rather than the more traditional aspects of melody and harmony. Modern technological advances have brought about changes in musical style and have broadened our knowledge of the music of other cultures, accelerating listeners, composers and performers to a wide range of musical tastes.

Modernist music refers to music written in the European tradition (or classical music), drawn roughly between 1910 and 1975. It was preceded by Romantic and post-Romantic music, and succeeded by contemporary classical music.
Some characteristics of the music in the modernism are Incorporating unusual metrics, Use of unusual timbres, Increased use of modal scales, Use of polytonal harmony, Partial or total abandonment of tonality, Exploration of extended techniques, Inclusion of experimental instruments or sounds in the composition.

Modernist Music Composers
These are some of the most outstanding modernist music composers.
Arnold Schönberg (1874 – 1951, Austria)
Igor Stravinsky (1882 – 1971, Russia)
Anton Webern (1883 – 1945, Austria)
Serguéi Prokófiev (1891 – 1953, Russia)
Aaron Copland (1900 – 1990,USA)
Dimitri Shostakovich (1906 – 1975, Russia)
John Cage (1912 – 1992, USA)