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This picture illustrates the five phases of mitosis:
1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase

The process of mitosis encompasses how body cells divide and reproduce. Before mitosis can occur, the process of interphase happens where the cell grows and replicates its DNA (Fowler et al., 2021). Then during mitosis, the replicated DNA and cytoplasmic contents split creating two daughter cells (Fowler et al., 2021).

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Mitosis is a multi-step process where the duplicated chromosomes are aligned, separated, and moved to opposite ends of the cell (Fowler et al., 2021).
During the first phase, prophase, the chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle made of microtubules forms (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021). The second phase, prometaphase, is when the nuclear membrane breaks down and the microtubules attach to the chromosomes as they move around. The third phase, metaphase, is when the microtubules moves the chromosomes in a line down the middle of the cell. Then in anaphase, the chromosomes are pulled apart and separated into two genetically identical sister chromatids and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Lastly in telophase, a new nuclear membrane is formed around the sister chromatids, and the chromosomes decondense so that the cytoplasm can finally split creating two new genetically identical daughter cells (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021).

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Meiosis is related to mitosis in regards that they are both types of cell reproduction. However the end goal of cell reproduction is different in the two processes.
Mitosis is part of cell reproduction that creates two identical daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell (Fowler et al., 2021).
Meiosis, on the other hand, always starts with a diploid meaning it holds two sets of chromosomes, and the result are haploid cells meaning one set of chromosomes (Fowler et al., 2021).

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Mitosis reproduces somatic cells which are non reproductive cells of multicellular organisms (Fowler et al., 2021). Meiosis employs the same events as mitosis but only occurs during sexual reproduction after a sperm cell fertilizes an egg (Fowler et al., 2021).

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As mentioned before, the events that occur during mitosis are the same as the events that occur during meiosis. However because there are two rounds of cell division that must occur during meiosis, there is a meiosis I and then meiosis II (Fowler et al., 2021).

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Before meiosis I, the cell’s DNA is replicated during interphase. During prophase I, the chromosomes condense and form homologous pairs (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021). The homologous pairs line up and then swap genetic material in a process known as crossing over. Now each sister chromatid is not identical (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021).
In prometaphase I the nuclear envelope breaks down and microtubules attach to the chromosomes (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021). In metaphase I the homologous pairs line up along the middle of the cell and in anaphase I the homologous pairs are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell. The homologous pairs are separated at random during this stage in a process known as independent segregation and this creates further genetic diversity among the daughter cells (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021).
In telophase I, the chromosomes are at opposite ends of the cell and the cytoplasm is split during cytokinesis. This completes Meiosis I and the non identical haploid daughter cells enter the second round of Meiosis (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021).

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Meiosis II starts with two haploid cells and during prophase II the chromosomes condense (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021). Next in prometaphase II the nuclear envelopes break down and the microtubules attach to the chromosomes. In metaphase II the chromosomes line up and in anaphase II they are pulled apart by the microtubules and the non identical sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021). Lastly, in telophase II the sister chromatids are on opposite sides of the cells when cytokinesis happens resulting in four non identical haploid daughter cells (Mitosis vs Meiosis, 2021).

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Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that genes do not influence eachother in regard to sorting of alleles into gametes, and that every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur (Fowler et al., 2021). This law occurs in meiosis I when the different homologous pairs line up in random orientations, therefore each gamete can contain any combination of the paternal and maternal chromosomes (Fowler et al., 2021).

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Fowler, S., Roush, R. & Wise, J. (2021, January 12). Concepts of biology. Open Stax College

Mitosis vs. Meiosis. (2021, January 17). Biology Dictionary. https://biologydictionary.net/mitosis-vs-meiosis/#