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Aristotle was a philosopher, polymath, and scientist born in the northern city of Stagira in Ancient Greece. Along with
Plato, he is considered the father of Western philosophy. His ideas have exerted an enormous influence on the intellectual history of the West for more than two millennia.

Aristotle was born in 384 BC. in Stagira. When his father died, he was sent to Athens to enter Plato´s Academy,
where he would remain for about twenty years: he received a higher education, became familiar with Platonic philosophy and ended up teaching rhetoric as a teacher.

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Contrary to Platonism, Aristotle developed an empirical philosophy where experience is the source of knowledge.
According to his hylomorphic theory, each sensible entity or substance is composed of matter, that which constitutes
things; and form, which organizes matter, the latter being its essence.

“Friendship is a soul that lives in two bodies; a heart that dwells in two souls.”

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Aristoteles: Una Breve Biografia De Aristoteles

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Sócrates

Salguero, tenorio, albornoz, Giménez, Ramírez

1. Philosophy is, according to its etymology, the love of wisdom (comes from the Greek filos: love and sophia: wisdom). It is the study of diverse problems such as knowledge, mind, conscience, ethics, language, beauty, morality.

2. Socrates of Athens or Socrates Sophroniscus was born in Athens in the year 470 or 469 BC. and received death by poison in 400 or 399 BC. He was the son of Sophroniscus, a sculptor, and Fenareta, who held the position of midwife.´

3. According to Socrates, the object of philosophy is to teach virtue. For this purpose, it is necessary to previously know the general ethical norms, the universal good, since virtue and knowledge do not form more than a unit. Self-knowledge, the source of virtue, begins with doubt.

4. He was born in Alopece, Athens (Ancient Greece), between 470 and 469 BC. C. Despite the fact that he did not leave any written work and there are few ideas that can be attributed to him, he is surely a capital figure of ancient thought to the point that the philosophers before him were called pre-Socratics.His parents called: Sophronisco by profession a sculptor and Fainarate a midwife. Related to Aristides the Just. Few things are known with certainty about the life of Socrates, apart from the fact that he participated as an infantryman in the battles of: Samos (440), Potidaea (432), Delio (424) and Amphipolis (422) BC.He received a traditional education: literature, music, gymnastics. He became familiar with the dialectics and rhetoric of the sophists. In his youth, Socrates continued with his father's work, making a set of statues: "the three graces", which were placed at the entrance of the Acropolis of Athens, until the second century BC. Possibly he was a disciple of Anaxagoras, and he also had the philosopher Archelaus as a teacher, who got him into reflections on physics and morality.

5. "I only know that I know nothing"

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YduLzweRXjk

Socrates was born in 470 BC. in Alopece, a town in Athens. His physical appearance is represented as a middle-aged man, with a strong complexion and a thick grayish beard. It is believed that he was unattractive and short in stature. Since he was a child he showed ease of speech and sharpness of reasoning.

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He was a politician, writer and philosopher of the Italian Renaissance who had a decisive influence on Western thought. Secretary of the Republic of Florence, he undertook numerous diplomatic missions and reorganized the Florence army. The fall of the Republic due to the Medici (1513) removed him from power, but brought him closer to literature.

That same year he wrote his most representative work, The Prince, which was not published until 1532, five years after his death.
Between the years in which he lived, 1469-1527, and the place where he was born and lived most of his life, Florence, coincide with the period that historians call the “Renaissance” and with the place where this cultural movement reached its greatest splendor .

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1_ La filosofía ​ es una disciplina académica y un conjunto de reflexiones y conocimientos de carácter trascendental que, en un sentido holístico, estudia la esencia, las causas primeras y los fines últimos de las cosas.

2_ Epicuro vivió en la época 341 a.c, y falleció en Atenas en 271 y 270 a.c.

3_ La filosofía epicúrea no era teórica, sino más bien práctica, que buscaba sobre todo procurar el sosiego necesario para una vida feliz y placentera en la que los temores al destino, los dioses o la muerte quedarán definitivamente eliminados.

La filosofía epicúrea es la que el hombre vive a diario en la búsqueda de la vida sana y virtuosa, a partir del conocimiento correcto de la naturaleza y de la prudencia frente a los placeres y deseos, buscando así remediar los dolores que atacan el alma, para alcanzar la ataraxia.

4_ Epicuro, también conocido como Epicuro de Samos fue un filósofo griego, fundador de la escuela que lleva su nombre (Epicureísmo). Los aspectos más destacados de su doctrina son el hedonismo racional y el atomismo. Influido por demócrito, aristipo, pirron, y posiblemente aristóteles y los cínicos, se volvió contra el platonismo y estableció su propia escuela en atenas, conocida como el “jardín”, donde permitió la entrada de mujeres, prostitutas y esclavos a la escuela.

5_ Una de las teorias de Epicuro pone como objetivo de la vida el ser humano el placer, procurando, para conseguirlo, liberarse del miedo a los dioses, del miedo a la muerte y del miedo al destino, porque con esos miedos no se puede disfrutar de la vida.

Y una de las frases fue, “Pues no te afanes en aumentar tus bienes, sino en disminuir tu codicia. La muerte es una quimera: porque mientras yo existo, no existe la muerte; y cuando existe la muerte, ya no existo yo. El que no considera lo que tiene como la riqueza más grande, es desdichado, aunque sea dueño del mundo”.

5_ “Epicuro y su postura filosófica”

https://youtu.be/eYwk5A8iJqM

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According to Machiavelli, society does not develop by divine will, but by virtue of natural causes. The driving forces of history are "material interest" and force. He pointed out the contradiction of interests between the popular masses and the ruling classes.
Unlike the great theorist on the State, Hobbes, Machiavelli did not elaborate a general theory on the foundations of power or on the State or on political absolutism, but directed his analysis towards a pragmatic and concrete objective: the unification of Italy under Florentine command.

Niccolò Machiavelli starts from the main contemporary events to define a social order different from that of past times, in which the reason of state has as its objective the improvement of society and the perfection of man.
"Few see what we are, but everyone sees what we appear to be”

“It is better to do and repent than not to do and repent”

“You have to be a fox to know the traps and a lion to scare away the wolves”

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Nicolás Maquiavelo El Príncipe   Filosofía   Educatina