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Team Report

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Why do young Indians choose to become doctors? : Current Medicine Research and Practice

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ly 80,000 (4%) can secure a seat in a medical college (about 43,000 in government colleges and 37,000 in private institutions). Through a mailed questionnaire, we compared why our students became doctors in India and how they differed from their compatriots in Western countries. Aims: Was the motivation to become a doctor not altruistic but more influenced by financial rewards and social status, and did it change over the years? Was there a difference in the ambitions of those who regretted taking medicine as a career? Materials andMethods: We prepared a questionnaire using Google Forms and sent it through WhatsApp and email to 1000 doctors who had completed their final MBBS examination, including a 1-year compulsory internship, and were working in India as residents, medical officers, consultants in public or private hospitals or running their establishments. The results we received automatically over the Google Forms were analysed. Results: Out of 1000 questionnaires sent to doctors all over India, we received 265 responses. ‘Self-interest/passion for the profession, to relieve suffering’, ‘financial security’ and ‘prestige associated with the profession’ were the most common motivating factors. Seventy-one respondents (26.8%) regretted taking medicine as a career, and they were especially those candidates who joined medicine due to their ‘parent’s wishes’ (P = 0.009), ‘as a means to go abroad’ (P = 0.03) and ‘not sure’ (P < 0.001). Out of those who regretted choosing medicine as a career, only eight wanted to change to a non-medical job. Conclusions: India, a developing country with the world’s largest population, grapples with healthcare challenges. Medical students, often burdened by family expectations, struggle with intrinsic motivation. To address this, we can implement strategies such as lifestyle adjustments, mentorship improvements and granting more autonomy. In addition, compulsory internships can guide students towards their desired career paths.…

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The New Criminal Laws provide a legal framework to protect medical practitioners from unnecessary harassment. The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 prescribes lesser punishment to doctors for causing death by medical negligence.

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Cruelty Against Healthcare Workers Survey

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Details of the TR to align with the marking scheme 

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Details of the TR to align with the marking scheme 

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https://igcseglobalperspectives.net/disappointing-models/

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Join the web's most supportive community of creators and get high-quality tools for hosting, sharing, and streaming videos in gorgeous HD and 4K with no ads.

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forms.gle/XTRqcohdVXhCWNEq9

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Need For A Law To Protect Doctors - UPSC Notes (GS II) On Violence Against Doctors

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Need For A Law To Protect Doctors. Know about the recent events of assault on doctors in India; read about reforms needed in the law. Download free PDF of UPSC Notes for IAS Mains (GS 2) 2021.

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On August 9, 2024, a horrific incident unfolded at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata. A young doctor was brutally raped and murdered, and her body discovered in the seminar room of the emergency building where she had been working. While this tragedy wasn't directly related to the violence healthcare workers often face while discharging their duties, it casts a stark light on the ongoing vulnerabilities within hospital systems in India. It also brings into focus the pervasive issue of violence against healthcare workers (VAHCW) in the country.

Violence against healthcare workers is a disturbingly common occurrence in India. Statistics reveal a pattern of increasing aggression, particularly in public healthcare facilities. Over the last few months, several violent incidents were reported across various States, targeting healthcare professionals ranging from doctors to nurses and paramedics. For instance, in Andhra Pradesh, a nurse was assaulted by a patient's relative with an iron rod, while in Agartala, a junior doctor faced threats and physical harm from an agitated group of patients' kin. These incidents highlight the harsh reality that violence is more prevalent in public health facilities and disproportionately affects younger and female professionals.

Call for legal protection

Over the years, the healthcare community has consistently called for laws robust enough to deter such violence. However, no central law existed to safeguard healthcare workers nationwide. Instead, as of 2020, 19 States had implemented their statutes, each with varying provisions. Other States and Union Territories had no laws at all. This lack of uniformity meant protection was inconsistent, and the laws, though present, could have been more effective. In Maharashtra alone, between 2015 and 2020, there were 636 complaints and 1,318 arrests related to violence against healthcare workers, yet only four convictions were secured. The problem was not just in the law's provisions but in the loopholes that allowed criminal lawyers to circumvent conviction, rendering the laws toothless.
Challenges in enacting a Central law
A central law has not been enacted because public health is a State subject, and VAHCW is primarily a public health-related issue. While the concurrent list allows for a central law, the central government has not prioritised this issue, leaving it to the States to manage.
Legal reforms in Maharashtra
In September 2020, efforts to strengthen laws protecting health workers began in Maharashtra with a public interest litigation (PIL). The Advocate General of Maharashtra made a statement in the High Court on 13-07-2021 which is reproduced below
Also read | Doctors can refuse to treat in case of unruly patients, say new NMC regulations "We have further been informed in course of hearing today that the appropriate authority of the Government had discussions with the petitioner and a draft of the amendments required to be incorporated in the Maharashtra Medicare Service Persons and Medicare Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage or Loss to Property) Act, 2010 has been prepared; however, Mr. Kumbhakoni submits that he has himself perused the draft and found the same to be clumsy. He, therefore, submits that the Government ought to be given the liberty of considering whether to introduce a new legislation or to amend the existing law, and for such purpose he has prayed for time."
The Maharashtra government has not taken any further steps in last 3 years.
Legal reforms in Kerala
A PIL in the Kerala High Court, KPHA vs UOI which requested the State government to improve protection to doctors, and MLSI intervention requested to pass an act safeguarding health workers. On May 10th, 2023, a junior doctor named Vandana Das was killed on duty in Kerala, after being fatally stabbed 11 times in chest by a drunk schoolteacher using scissors on the dressing trolley.

The resulting " Kerala Healthcare Service Persons and Healthcare Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage to Property) Amendment Act of 2023 " is one of the strongest State laws in India for protecting health professionals. This act extends protection to a wide range of healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, paramedics, pharmacists, lab technicians, clerks, ministerial staff, and security guards.

The High Court of Kerala has directed that an FIR be filed within one hour after the incidence of violence. They called it the "golden hour" for the protection of doctors, much like the "golden hour" that doctors prescribe to treat heart attacks or strokes.

The Kerala Act also makes VAHCW a cognisable and non-bailable offence. It also allows for expedited delivery of justice by stipulating that an Inspector must complete an investigation into the offence within sixty days of filing an FIR. Once produced in court, the victims must be examined on consecutive days. This ensures that the court trial process is short and not drawn out. The Kerala Act has also given provisions for special sessions courts with a special prosecutor to try cases under this Act to ensure speedy justice delivery.
Legal reforms in Karnataka
Following recommendations by Karnataka Law Commission in 2018, Karnataka passed "The Karnataka Medical Registration and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Bill of 2024," which amended the 2009 Act and made it even more potent than the Kerala Act in protecting healthcare workers. This act encompasses all the provisions of the Kerala Act and introduces additional measures to close significant loopholes that had previously hindered convictions.

The Karnataka Act shifted the burden of proof onto the accused from the victim. By doing so, it takes the pressure off of the healthcare professional to prove that an incidence of violence has occurred.

The other loophole that prevents conviction, of course, is when criminal lawyers of the accused argue that there is no 'intention to hurt' the health professional from the end of the accused but that it happened spontaneously due to an emotionally triggering event such as loss of patient or worsening of patient condition. Karnataka Act does not, however, provide safeguards for that loophole.

The required provisions for countering this loophole -section 3C - Presumption of offense and 3D Presumption of guilty mind were included by the Central Government in Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 as amended in 2020 during the pandemic. This was meant to provide protection to health workers during extenuating circumstances brought about by the pandemic. However, now that the pandemic has ended these provisions have become redundant.

After the WB incident, the Central Government has declared that it will form a high-level committee to review the 2019 bill tabled in parliament for making the Central Act for protection of healthcare workers.

By enacting these Acts, Kerala and Karnataka now provide their healthcare workers with the most robust legal protections in India. While any law is only as strong as its implementation, the provisions for ensuring an expedited trial in these Acts inspire confidence. It is now crucial for other States to follow suit and amend their laws, creating a unified front to protect healthcare workers nationwide. Until a central law becomes a reality, these State-level reforms represent a significant step forward in safeguarding those who dedicate their lives to caring for others.
Dr. Christianez Ratna Kiruba is an internal medicine doctor with a passion for patient rights advocacy. Dr. Rajeev Joshi is a paediatrician and geneticist. He is also the founder member of the Medico-Legal Society of India.

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violence against health workers in india

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Examining the evolution of legislation addressing violence against health workers in India

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Several violent incidents were reported across various States, targeting healthcare professionals ranging from doctors to nurses and paramedics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
We use cookies to provide a better browsing experience and to understand how visitors use our website. By continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our privacy policy.

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Manupatra - An Online Database for Legal Research

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Largest Indian database for Online Legal Research, Covers all Indian case laws from Supreme Court, All High Courts, All Tribunals, as well as courts around the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
On August 9, 2024, a horrific incident unfolded at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata. A young doctor was brutally raped and murdered, and her body discovered in the seminar room of the emergency building where she had been working. While this tragedy wasn't directly related to the violence healthcare workers often face while discharging their duties, it casts a stark light on the ongoing vulnerabilities within hospital systems in India. It also brings into focus the pervasive issue of violence against healthcare workers (VAHCW) in the country.

Violence against healthcare workers is a disturbingly common occurrence in India. Statistics reveal a pattern of increasing aggression, particularly in public healthcare facilities. Over the last few months, several violent incidents were reported across various States, targeting healthcare professionals ranging from doctors to nurses and paramedics. For instance, in Andhra Pradesh, a nurse was assaulted by a patient's relative with an iron rod, while in Agartala, a junior doctor faced threats and physical harm from an agitated group of patients' kin. These incidents highlight the harsh reality that violence is more prevalent in public health facilities and disproportionately affects younger and female professionals.

Call for legal protection

Over the years, the healthcare community has consistently called for laws robust enough to deter such violence. However, no central law existed to safeguard healthcare workers nationwide. Instead, as of 2020, 19 States had implemented their statutes, each with varying provisions. Other States and Union Territories had no laws at all. This lack of uniformity meant protection was inconsistent, and the laws, though present, could have been more effective. In Maharashtra alone, between 2015 and 2020, there were 636 complaints and 1,318 arrests related to violence against healthcare workers, yet only four convictions were secured. The problem was not just in the law's provisions but in the loopholes that allowed criminal lawyers to circumvent conviction, rendering the laws toothless.
Challenges in enacting a Central law
A central law has not been enacted because public health is a State subject, and VAHCW is primarily a public health-related issue. While the concurrent list allows for a central law, the central government has not prioritised this issue, leaving it to the States to manage.
Legal reforms in Maharashtra
In September 2020, efforts to strengthen laws protecting health workers began in Maharashtra with a public interest litigation (PIL). The Advocate General of Maharashtra made a statement in the High Court on 13-07-2021 which is reproduced below
Also read | Doctors can refuse to treat in case of unruly patients, say new NMC regulations "We have further been informed in course of hearing today that the appropriate authority of the Government had discussions with the petitioner and a draft of the amendments required to be incorporated in the Maharashtra Medicare Service Persons and Medicare Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage or Loss to Property) Act, 2010 has been prepared; however, Mr. Kumbhakoni submits that he has himself perused the draft and found the same to be clumsy. He, therefore, submits that the Government ought to be given the liberty of considering whether to introduce a new legislation or to amend the existing law, and for such purpose he has prayed for time."
The Maharashtra government has not taken any further steps in last 3 years.
Legal reforms in Kerala
A PIL in the Kerala High Court, KPHA vs UOI which requested the State government to improve protection to doctors, and MLSI intervention requested to pass an act safeguarding health workers. On May 10th, 2023, a junior doctor named Vandana Das was killed on duty in Kerala, after being fatally stabbed 11 times in chest by a drunk schoolteacher using scissors on the dressing trolley.

The resulting " Kerala Healthcare Service Persons and Healthcare Service Institutions (Prevention of Violence and Damage to Property) Amendment Act of 2023 " is one of the strongest State laws in India for protecting health professionals. This act extends protection to a wide range of healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, paramedics, pharmacists, lab technicians, clerks, ministerial staff, and security guards.

The High Court of Kerala has directed that an FIR be filed within one hour after the incidence of violence. They called it the "golden hour" for the protection of doctors, much like the "golden hour" that doctors prescribe to treat heart attacks or strokes.

The Kerala Act also makes VAHCW a cognisable and non-bailable offence. It also allows for expedited delivery of justice by stipulating that an Inspector must complete an investigation into the offence within sixty days of filing an FIR. Once produced in court, the victims must be examined on consecutive days. This ensures that the court trial process is short and not drawn out. The Kerala Act has also given provisions for special sessions courts with a special prosecutor to try cases under this Act to ensure speedy justice delivery.
Legal reforms in Karnataka
Following recommendations by Karnataka Law Commission in 2018, Karnataka passed "The Karnataka Medical Registration and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Bill of 2024," which amended the 2009 Act and made it even more potent than the Kerala Act in protecting healthcare workers. This act encompasses all the provisions of the Kerala Act and introduces additional measures to close significant loopholes that had previously hindered convictions.

The Karnataka Act shifted the burden of proof onto the accused from the victim. By doing so, it takes the pressure off of the healthcare professional to prove that an incidence of violence has occurred.

The other loophole that prevents conviction, of course, is when criminal lawyers of the accused argue that there is no 'intention to hurt' the health professional from the end of the accused but that it happened spontaneously due to an emotionally triggering event such as loss of patient or worsening of patient condition. Karnataka Act does not, however, provide safeguards for that loophole.

The required provisions for countering this loophole -section 3C - Presumption of offense and 3D Presumption of guilty mind were included by the Central Government in Epidemic Diseases Act 1897 as amended in 2020 during the pandemic. This was meant to provide protection to health workers during extenuating circumstances brought about by the pandemic. However, now that the pandemic has ended these provisions have become redundant.

After the WB incident, the Central Government has declared that it will form a high-level committee to review the 2019 bill tabled in parliament for making the Central Act for protection of healthcare workers.

By enacting these Acts, Kerala and Karnataka now provide their healthcare workers with the most robust legal protections in India. While any law is only as strong as its implementation, the provisions for ensuring an expedited trial in these Acts inspire confidence. It is now crucial for other States to follow suit and amend their laws, creating a unified front to protect healthcare workers nationwide. Until a central law becomes a reality, these State-level reforms represent a significant step forward in safeguarding those who dedicate their lives to caring for others.
Dr. Christianez Ratna Kiruba is an internal medicine doctor with a passion for patient rights advocacy. Dr. Rajeev Joshi is a paediatrician and geneticist. He is also the founder member of the Medico-Legal Society of India.

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violence against health workers in india

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Examining the evolution of legislation addressing violence against health workers in India

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Several violent incidents were reported across various States, targeting healthcare professionals ranging from doctors to nurses and paramedics.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Indian Legal News, Supreme Court of India, High Court | Bar and Bench

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Bar & Bench is the premier online portal for Indian legal news. News, interviews, and columns related to the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts , as well as law firms, law schools, and Parliament.

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Legal Service India - Law, Lawyers and Legal Resources

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Legal Service India, Law, Lawyers and Legal Resources Indian lawyers Indian law firms An Excellent Portal on Indian legal services providing free Consultancy services through out India provided by thousands of lawyers and law firms all over India.

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The Supreme Court to hear today at 10.30 AM the suo motu case taken over the rape and murder of a doctor at the RG Kar Medical College Hospital, Kolkata.A bench comprising CJI DY Chandrachud, Justice JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra will hear the matter.The suo motu case titled "In Re : Alleged Rape and...

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Supreme Court News, Latest India Legal News, Supreme Court Updates, High Courts Updates, Judgments, Law Firms News, Law School News, Latest Legal News

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LiveLaw - Supreme Court News, Fastest Indian Court News, Latest India Legal News, Supreme Court Updates, High Courts Updates, Judgments, Law Firms News, Law School News, Latest Legal News

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Why do young Indians choose to become doctors? : Current Medicine Research and Practice

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
ly 80,000 (4%) can secure a seat in a medical college (about 43,000 in government colleges and 37,000 in private institutions). Through a mailed questionnaire, we compared why our students became doctors in India and how they differed from their compatriots in Western countries. Aims: Was the motivation to become a doctor not altruistic but more influenced by financial rewards and social status, and did it change over the years? Was there a difference in the ambitions of those who regretted taking medicine as a career? Materials andMethods: We prepared a questionnaire using Google Forms and sent it through WhatsApp and email to 1000 doctors who had completed their final MBBS examination, including a 1-year compulsory internship, and were working in India as residents, medical officers, consultants in public or private hospitals or running their establishments. The results we received automatically over the Google Forms were analysed. Results: Out of 1000 questionnaires sent to doctors all over India, we received 265 responses. ‘Self-interest/passion for the profession, to relieve suffering’, ‘financial security’ and ‘prestige associated with the profession’ were the most common motivating factors. Seventy-one respondents (26.8%) regretted taking medicine as a career, and they were especially those candidates who joined medicine due to their ‘parent’s wishes’ (P = 0.009), ‘as a means to go abroad’ (P = 0.03) and ‘not sure’ (P < 0.001). Out of those who regretted choosing medicine as a career, only eight wanted to change to a non-medical job. Conclusions: India, a developing country with the world’s largest population, grapples with healthcare challenges. Medical students, often burdened by family expectations, struggle with intrinsic motivation. To address this, we can implement strategies such as lifestyle adjustments, mentorship improvements and granting more autonomy. In addition, compulsory internships can guide students towards their desired career paths.…

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Why do most students not want to be a doctor in India?

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Answer (1 of 9): Because the amount of time money and hard work it will take before u can practice on ur own. In MBBS only, we face total of 148 exams(taking each sub. separately). Before entering MBBS an entrance exam. After completing MBBS, for PG, another exam.

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Why do most students not want to be a doctor in India?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Answer (1 of 9): Because the amount of time money and hard work it will take before u can practice on ur own. In MBBS only, we face total of 148 exams(taking each sub. separately). Before entering MBBS an entrance exam. After completing MBBS, for PG, another exam.

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Why I will never allow my child to become a doctor in India

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You would never allow a taxi driver to drive you for 24 hours continuously, but asking surgeons to do that every third day is fair game in India.

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Why I will never allow my child to become a doctor in India

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You would never allow a taxi driver to drive you for 24 hours continuously, but asking surgeons to do that every third day is fair game in India.

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To access laws and legal information concerning Indian doctors, it is crucial to utilize reputable resources. One such valuable resource is the "Online Legal Information System for Indian Environment," designed to meet the legal community's information needs in India (Bhardwaj & Madhusudhan, 2016). This system is tailored to provide accurate and current legal information specific to the Indian context, making it a reliable source for understanding laws and legalities related to Indian doctors. Furthermore, the article "Challenges for Free Access to Law in a Multi-Jurisdictional Developing Country" discusses the complexities of offering free public online access to legal information in India (Greenleaf et al., 2011). This underscores the importance of relying on reliable platforms that offer comprehensive legal information, including regulations governing the practices of Indian doctors. Additionally, the study "Awareness of Medico-Legal Issues among Newly Joined Post Graduate Residents" emphasizes the importance of comprehending medico-legal issues in the medical field (Dk et al., 2019). It stresses the significance of being knowledgeable about legal duties and responsibilities alongside medical duties, essential for Indian doctors to ensure adherence to the law. Moreover, the article "Doctor’s Responsibility in Providing Telemedicine Services among Health Care Facilities" explores the legal and professional dimensions of doctors providing telemedicine services (Pandhika & Fakih, 2021). As telemedicine usage increases in India, understanding the legal responsibilities associated with this practice is crucial for Indian doctors to effectively navigate the legal landscape. By utilizing these reputable resources and platforms, Indian doctors can access accurate and relevant legal information to ensure compliance with the laws and regulations governing their practice.

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Is it really worth it to become a doctor in India in future? Do they get time for travelling

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Answer: As of right now the answer is "NO". The reason is Government policies & vested interest in medical education by parliamentarians, 80 of whom own private medical colleges. The medical education is propagated as an aspirational degree but the returns on investment in terms of time , money ,...

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Specialist Doctors Refusing To Work In Govt Hospitals Are Infringing Fundamental Rights Of Poor And Needy Patients: Madras HC - Legal Articles in India

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It is definitely most reassuring to note now that none other than the Madras High Court in a most learned judgment titled S. Sahana Priyankaa Vs The State…

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1. laws protecting doctors from injustice/etc. (inadequate legal support for doctors) (tanush)

2. gender discrimination and misogyny within the healthcare industry (sinchana)

3. consequences of injustice - how appealing is a medical profession for the youth (atharv)

4. rithvik - how big of a problem is violence against docotrs in india

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We are help developers need Integrate REST API as viewer for PDFs. This service developed and extended from PDF JS.

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Specialist Doctors Refusing To Work In Govt Hospitals Are Infringing Fundamental Rights Of Poor And Needy Patients: Madras HC - Legal Articles in India

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It is definitely most reassuring to note now that none other than the Madras High Court in a most learned judgment titled S. Sahana Priyankaa Vs The State…

# data[].attributes.body
link to record screen : https://screen-recorder.com/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.authors[].name
Martin Mehl Cal Poly University Professor and founder and CEO of Mentorship Academy

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The fast and easy way to capture high-quality videos with no watermark for free. Record screen, webcam, and voice, and instantly save to your computer.

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Cruelty Against Healthcare Workers Survey

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This survey is for educational purposes and any information given will not be shared with the public

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our action video: https://editor.flixier.com/projects/79f4819e-efaa-9cc7-1cd6-6e225f33a0d8

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Bibliography:

1. Indian Medical Association (IMA) – Violence Against Doctors: www.ima-india.org

2. The Healthcare Service Personnel and Clinical Establishments (Prevention of Violence and Damage to Property) Bill, 2019: www.indiabudget.gov.in

3. Press Information Bureau – Addressing Violence Against Healthcare Workers: www.pib.gov.in

4. Times of India – Growing Violence Against Healthcare Workers: www.timesofindia.indiatimes.com

5. The Hindu – The Psychological Toll on Healthcare Workers in India: www.thehindu.com

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