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Traditional Sudanese food is full of a beautiful variety of colours and aromas making them extremely delicious and unique. Over the large spread of traditional meals they have to offer there is some ingredients that are very frequently used in dishes such as yogurt, onion, garlic, okra, dates, nuts, tomatoes, beef and sorghum. A tradition during meal time is to eat with the right hand using a flatbread in alternative to utensils. There are two main types of Sudanese flatbreads used include kissra (made with durra or corn) and gourrassa (made with wheat flour).

Embassy of Republic of Sudan, London. (2021). Sudan Food. Embassy of Republic of Sudan, London. https://www.sudanembassy.org.uk/sudanese-food/

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Within Sudanese culture there is a specific attire worn by the men and women. Men wear a dress traditionally named a “galabias” that display as colours from a white/cream colour palette. Underneath is a thinner materialled dress worn to absorb sweat (Galaedin, 2023).

This is due to the geographical location and temperatures they are exposed too. Women wear dresses with vibrant colours and patterns reflecting their personalities and identities each to their own choice. During working hours, they will be dressed in white dresses with differing coloured patterns. If a women becomes a widow, they will instead wear a white natural cotton dress to portray they are in a time of grief (Galaedin, 2023).

Galaledin, A. (2023). Women’s and Men’s Clothing in Sudan. Afrika Koordinasyon ve Eğitim Merkezi. https://www.akem.org.tr/post/women-s-and-men-s-clothing-in-sudan

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After arrival to Australia, people within the Sudanese culture can be positively and negatively affected by the social determinant “social inclusion and non discrimination” (World Health Organisation, 2024). The Sudanese culture have found to find it difficult to fit in, feel included, live up to the expectations of social normalities in Australia (Kaphle et al., 2024). They also at times are provided poorer accesses to quality health care due to factors such as racism, not being understood and clinicians not understanding the Sudanese culture.  However Sudanese refuges have also been found to include themselves and provide offerings within their new Australian communities (Kaphle et al., 2024).

Kaphle, S., Fanany, R., Kelly, J., Rawal, L., & Paudel, G. (2024). Living at the Fence – Navigating Complexities While Settling in New Country: Lived Experiences of South Sudanese Refugees in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 45(4), 689-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256868.2024.2307947

World Health Organisation. (2024). Social Determinants of Health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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Like many other cultures and countries, the Sudanese culture create traditional medicines and remedies from plants in the surrounding areas. Sudan heavily relies on medicinal plants to treat illness and disease due to easy accessibility and cheaper costs compared to other treatments and healthcare. Around 90% of the Sudanese culture rely on traditional medicine (Karar & Kuhnert, 2017). The medicinal plants are safe to use and have a very low chance of error, however they are not licensed medication. An example of a common medicinal plant used in Sudan is named Salvadoraceae. This plants stem, leaves and fruits are used to treat diseases and health problems such as stomach pains, hypertension, malaria, eye infection and HIV-1 (Karar & Kuhnert, 2017).

Karar, M. G. E., & Kuhnert, N. (2017). Herbal Drugs from Sudan: Traditional Uses and Phytoconstituents. Pharmacogn Review, 11(22), 83-103. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fphrev.phrev_15_15

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After reading the document, I found the competency standard 1.1 most relevant to me as it is crucial for me as a student nurse to adopt this concept. I have improved my knowledge on the negative outcomes that may occur if I as a nurse do not understand different cultures (Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership, 2019). I now realise I should familiarise myself with other cultures that are not of my own. This understanding will enable me to provide more suiting care to my patients without creating assumptions. Because I am not familiar with other cultures I now need to start to engage in new learning. I have realised that lacking this information has serious impact on our patients, I didn’t know this as I have never been exposed to a clinical and diverse environment.

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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Medical News Today. (2018). Should I worry about mosquito bites?. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/311485

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On arrival to Australia, Sudanese refugees and or anyone with a refugee background may be presented with Malaria (Phillips & Francis, 2024). Malaria is a harmful disease that is spread by female mosquitoes (Anopheles) and infects a host due to a bite from the infected insect. Due to Sudans geographical location, this disease is quite commonly diagnosed among Sudanese people (World Health Organisation, 2023). Prevention of this disease includes not enabling the mosquito to make contact with the skin, using mechanisms such as mosquitoes nets and insect repellent. Symptoms that they may present with on arrival include fatigue, jaundice, dark urine and breathing abnormalities.  A treatment that may be used to eliminate the disease is Artemisinin-based therapy medicines, which is commonly used (World Health Organisation, 2023).

Phillips, C. & Francis, J. (2024). Malaria. Australian Refugee Health Practice Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

World Health Organisation.(2023).Malaria. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malaria#:~:text=Malaria%20is%20a%20life%2Dthreatening,spread%20from%20person%20to%20person

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Unlike the instruments such as guitar or piano, Sudanese music mainly consist of a special instrument that is loved, owned and played by many within the Sudanese culture. This instrument is called the tanbur, however this name may change depending on your geographical location in Sudan (Sudanow Magazine, 2019). The instrument is made by hand out of wood, leather and metal. The instrument creates sound by the use of fingers brushing the metal strings. The instrument players also alter the pace of the music due to the environmental surroundings (Sudanow Magazine, 2019).

Sudanow Magazine. (2019). The Tanbur: A Traditional Musical Instrument That Brings All Sudanese Together. https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?subId=17&Id=811