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"That the nation shall have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people"

Is an example of repetition using "people" to show what the government really is for. Not those who run it or higher up in the government, but it was made for the people and they should do what's best for the people of it then.

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"Conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing that nation, or any nation so conceived so dedicated can long endure."

Is a great example of logos because it shows the audience that a nation can have a hope but at some point there will be dividing factors that pull apart that nation and a fight for what the dividing factors want then. It also puts the feeling of even in a perfect world at some point challenges would come.

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"As a final resting place for those who died here that the nation might live"

Is an amazing example of using emotions for the audience to understand. Showing that the soldiers fought not knowing if they'll win and the nation would become one again but living the thought in the air of that was there hope and why they were willing to die then. Adding a deeper emotion and meaning into it.

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"That the nation shall have a new birth of freedom and that the government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from earth."

It connects the audience because it shows the reasons of why the civil war happened and because it wasn't just for him or those who followed him but for all the people, and the good of the nation.

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“It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.”

appealing to the audience

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"We are met on a great battlefield of that war".

This is credibility due to showing that this is what they do

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"The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here."

Rhetorical Term: Understatement.

Understating is making something less significant than it actually is. This is a clear understatement as 175 years later we are still learning it and people are very familiar with the address.

Pretty much the understatement of the history of the united states.

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"we have come to dedicate to portion of that field as a final resting - place for those who gave their lives that nation might live." this is using emotion to the audience

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"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

Lincoln references the founding principles of the country, something that is factual. Lincoln was a highly educated president as well, so expert testimony can be drawn from his declaration.

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saying "new birth of freedom,..." is an example of pathos because it is using loaded language. Everyone feels very strongly about their own and others sense of freedom, and then with the visual wording of "new birth" it causes people to think and feel what that would mean.

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"But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground."

This quote shows Lincoln having a strong energy, which is a section of ethos qualification. Through this statement, he displayed the significance using strong, and repetitive words.

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Repetition: "we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground."

This repetition emphasizes the idea that the soldiers actions are more powerful than any words spoken.

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Lincoln uses emotional language to honor the fallen soldiers and inspire the living. 



"...from these honored dead we take increased devotion..."



This line appeals to the audience's emotions by showing respect and calling on their sense of duty and sacrifice. 

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"That these dead shall not have died in vain"

This is an example of pathos because Lincoln appeals to the audience’s emotions by emphasizing the tragedy of lives lost and the importance of giving their sacrifice meaning. It creates feelings of grief, pride, and responsibility, inspiring the people that are living to carry on the cause for which the soldiers gave everything they had.

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"The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract"

This is an example of ethos because Lincoln acknowledges that his words are not as meaningful as the actions of the shoulders that fought and died. By downplaying the significance of his own words and uplifting their actions, he positions himself as a credible and respectful leader.

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When Lincoln said " those who gave their lives so that the nation may live" drives emotion which is an example of pathos

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When Lincoln said " Now we are engaged in a great civil war testing whether that nation can long endure" he presented a current crisis which makes you feel grief and appeals to logic. Making this Logos.

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Hyperbole:

“The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.”

Is is exaggeration or at the very least, an overstatement because it could be true that not many remember or think about the historical importance of the speech/time in history.

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“It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.”

Not only is the speaker making a very rational argument with this statement, he is also showing action/cause and effect of this sacrifice or duty and why it had to be done. This definitely appeals to the logic of the audience.

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"For those that died here, so that the nation might live."

This is a great example of appealing to emotions because it shows the audience how deep the sacrifice they made for their country was. The main emotion used is grief, which is an especially compelling emotion to the targeted audience.

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"Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

This is a great example of ethos because he establishes his credibility with the audience by mentioning "our" fathers, our founding fathers. This is great for connecting with the audience because he brings the audience to the same level as himself.

Further, he connects with the intended audience because he relates his speech to the nation's core values, as mentioned in the quote above.

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Parallel structure, hyperbole, allusion, alliteration, metaphor, personification...can you find an example of one of these?

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The sacrifice made by soldiers who fought for the nation, describing them as brave men, living or dead.

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“It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.”

Lincoln (by way of Obama) references "unfinished work" meaning the battle was a means to an end but the ultimate goal is preserving the nation. This appeals to the audiences patriotism and sense of duty to their country and the best way to honor the men who died would be to unifying the country.

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"that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion"

Using references to men giving their life for the cause by saying "last full measure" he feeds into the emotions of the audience and uses this to appeal to the inspiration and gratefulness to try and bring the country together.

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"We are met on a great battlefield of that war"

While referencing the ground he stood on he honors the dead and the gravitas of the battle and establishes his ethos by showing he understands he is on hallowed ground.

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"fourth some and seven years ago our fathers brought fourth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

he start off with a smooth beginning that to me radiated a powerful statement

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"We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave there lives that the nation might live"

appeals to people emotionally by honoring the sacrifice that many people gave to preserve our nation

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"The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced." There is reason to the claim of the world not taking notes on everything said or written but to remember why and where which leaves the people living in the now to finish the work.

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" We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting - place for those who gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this"

This is using the emotion of the loss of people who gave their lives

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"Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation…can long endure."

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"It is rather for us, the living, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us."

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"that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom" There is reasoning to this fight.

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stating "Brave men, living and dead" paints a picture of emotion for the listener.

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using "our fathers" would reference founding fathers given credibility.

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IRONY: Although it wasn't written to be ironic, "the world will little note nor long remember what we say here..." is now dramatic irony, as we know something the audience of the time (and even the writer) did not know--this is one of the most famous speeches in American history and we certainly DO remember/note what he said. Lincoln's words were more powerful than he could have imagined.

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FULL TEXT:

"Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."

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Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, Performed By President Obama