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by encouraging the patient to advocate for themselves and developing a safe space for open communications

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Educate patients on the signs of when they are facing stress, anxious or depress and suggest coping strategies. To also involve family or friends in the session to further help the patient.

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Encourage the patient to take control of their lives by making them care for themselves even if its minor choices like, meals, hygiene routines and other preferences.

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Involve the patient's family during the hospital stay so that the patient would feel familiarity, safe, and motivated in their recovery.

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Inclusivity, Validate their feelings and let them know they are not alone (if anything, they have you). Individualise their care by catering to their needs, their wants. Facilitate their autonomy by providing options and include them in the process, however small.

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reflect upon their concerns and feelings, when communicating, assuring that you empathise and understand them

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Motivational interviewing to encourage and help the patient establish goals to work towards and shift their perspective on treatment

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calming tone to approach while conversing, eye contact, explaining the procedures or treatment in layman terms, transparency, positive talks, be culturally aware and respectful

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Promote patient autonomy by giving them control over their environment- controlling the aircon, tv, lights, etc.

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offer distractions (music/tv/photographs) and provide most comfort for them (warm blankets, medications to lower pain levels)

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Using calming tones, assisting patients with oral care, hygiene and doing their hair, effective communication and listening to patient care goals

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mindfulness to reduce pt stress and pain management

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offer cultural support, respecting their beliefs and values.

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therapeutic communication and active listening to build trust and rapport, helping patients express their concerns and feelings in a non-judgmental, supportive environment.