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Phonemic Awareness: the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in words. Explain its importance in learning to read. (Sherman, 2023). 

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Phonemic Awareness: the ability to hear and manipulate individual sounds in words. Explain its importance in learning to read. (Sherman, 2023). 

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Example: "Phonemic awareness is so important because it helps children understand how sounds come together to form words."

Key skills (blending, segmenting, and manipulating sounds). (Sherman, 2023).

Example words for each skill (e.g., blending the sounds /b/, /a/, /t/ to make "bat").

Classroom Activity:

Activity Name: Sound Sorting Game

Description: Students sort pictures based on their initial sounds (e.g., cat, car, apple).

Accommodations:

For Struggling Learners: Use visual aids like picture cards.

For Advanced Learners: Include more complex sounds or introduce rhymes.

Resources for Families:

1. Resource 1: "Phonemic Awareness Activities" from Reading Rockets.

Link: Reading Rockets

2. Resource 2: Reading Eggs: 10 Phonemic Awareness Activities

Link: https://readingeggs.com/articles/phonemic-awareness-activities/

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Phonics: Phonics is the method of teaching that helps students learn the relationship between sounds and letters, allowing them to sound out words when reading. (Barrett, 2023).

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Phonics: Phonics is the method of teaching that helps students learn the relationship between sounds and letters, allowing them to sound out words when reading. (Barrett, 2023).

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Example: "Phonics teaches children that letters make sounds, helping them decode words."

letter-sound correspondences (e.g., A = /a/, B = /b/, C = /k/ in "cat").

Classroom Activity:

Activity Name: Phonics Word Building

Description: Students use letter tiles to create words based on sounds. (Barrett, 2023).

Accommodations:

For Struggling Learners: Provide extra support with letter sounds.

For Advanced Learners: Challenge them to create multisyllabic words.

Resources for Families:

1. Resource 1: "Phonics Games for Home" from Scholastic.

Link: Scholastic

Resource 2: Teach Your Monster to Read

Link: https://www.teachyourmonster.org/teachyourmonstertoread?gad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvd-_mKP7iAMVJqRaBR3QwQYGEAAYASAAEgKJh_D_BwE

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Fluency: Reading fluency is the ability to read quickly, accurately, and with expression, helping students understand and enjoy what they read. (Texas Education Agency, 2024). 

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Fluency: Reading fluency is the ability to read quickly, accurately, and with expression, helping students understand and enjoy what they read. (Texas Education Agency, 2024). 

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Example: "Fluency means reading with speed and expression, helping students focus on the meaning of what they read."

Classroom Activity:

Activity Name: Reader's Theater

Description: Students read and perform scripts, focusing on expressive reading. (Texas Education Agency, 2024).

Accommodations:

For Struggling Learners: Pair them with fluent readers for support.

For Advanced Learners: Provide more challenging scripts or longer passages. (Texas Education Agency, 2024).

Resources for Families:

1. Reading Rockets: Reading 101 for Families: Fluency

Link: https://www.readingrockets.org/literacy-home/reading-101-guide-parents/reading-basics/fluency

2. Fluency Tips for Parents (Students with dyslexia)

Link: https://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/parents/living-with-dyslexia/home/foster-language-reading-writing-improvement-home/fluency-tips

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Barrett, L. (2023). What is Phonics? A Guide for Educators and Families. https://www.weareteachers.com/what-is-phonics/

Sherman, J. (2023). Phonemic Awareness: A Guide for Parents Plus 17 Skills to Teach Kids. https://www.beginlearning.com/parent-resources/phonemic-awareness/

Texas Education Agency. (2024). Fluency: Instructional Guidelines and Student Activities. https://www.readingrockets.org/topics/fluency/articles/fluency-instructional-guidelines-and-student-activities

Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMHS3A7qqFw

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Vocabulary: the set of words that a person knows and uses. It helps us communicate and understand what we read. (Terry, 2024).

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Vocabulary: the set of words that a person knows and uses. It helps us communicate and understand what we read. (Terry, 2024).

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Classroom Activity: "Word Walls": Set up a word wall where students can add new words they find in their reading. (Terry, 2024). To help all students:

Use picture cards for English Language Learners (ELL).

Provide sentence starters for students who need extra help.

Challenge advanced learners with tasks like writing sentences or stories using new words. (Terry, 2024).

Classroom Activity: "Word Walls": Set up a word wall where students can add new words they find in their reading. (Leon, 2023). To help all students:

Use picture cards for English Language Learners (ELL).

Provide sentence starters for students who need extra help.

Challenge advanced learners with tasks like writing sentences or stories using new words. (Leon, 2023).

Family Resources:

1. Read Aloud with Your Child: A simple guide for parents on how to read with their kids and discuss new words.

2. Multicultural Storybooks: A list of diverse books that help kids learn different words and perspectives, great for families from different backgrounds.

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Comprehension: the ability to understand and make sense of what you read. It involves connecting ideas and interpreting the text. (Terry, 2024).

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Comprehension: the ability to understand and make sense of what you read. It involves connecting ideas and interpreting the text. (Terry, 2024).

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Classroom Activity: "Think-Pair-Share": After reading, have students think about a question, discuss it with a partner, and then share with the class. (Terry, 2024). To support all learners:

Give sentence starters for those who need help speaking.

Let advanced students lead discussions or share their thoughts. (Terry, 2024).

Family Resources:

1. Comprehension Strategies at Home: A simple guide for parents to use questions while reading with their children.

2. Online Literacy Programs: Access to reading activities that are helpful for families with limited resources.

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Terry, B. (2024). Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension. https://scholarwithin.com/vocabulary-and-reading-comprehension?srsltid=AfmBOoo_nzOgQVICWLuTfbB8cBWUmobTq6Tx84ehh06AAT-iy7nN5DjY

Leon, D. (2023). What is the Role of Vocabulary in Reading Comprehension? https://www.hmhco.com/blog/what-is-vocabulary-in-reading

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Vocabulary and Reading Comprehension – Scholar Within

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Reading comprehension is the ability to understand and use what you have read or learned. Vocabulary is the body of words you know.