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The United States purchased 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million from the French. The United States doubled in size and expanded westward.

https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/louisiana-purchase-treaty#:~:text=In%20this%20transaction%20with%20France,size%2C%20expanding%20the%20nation%20westward.

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Acquisition of Florida (February 22, 1819)

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Acquisition of Florida (February 22, 1819)

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Minister Onís and Secretary Adams reached an agreement, known as the Onís-Adams treaty, which transferred East and West Florida from Spain's control to the United States. Spain received no compensation, but the United States agreed to assuming $5 million in damages caused by the Americans in Spanish territory.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/florida#:~:text=Minister%20On%C3%ADs%20and%20Secretary%20Adams,citizens%20who%20rebelled%20against%20Spain.

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This was when the economy shifted from a largely self-sufficient, agrarian society, to a more commercial society.

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The Santa Fe Trail was a trade route from Missouri to New Mexico, established in 1821. Traders used it to exchange goods like cloth and silver. It was important for commerce until the railroad reached Santa Fe in 1880.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Santa-Fe-Trail

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The right to force Native Americans further west and out of their territories. This act was enacted on May 28, 1830 by President Andrew Jackson.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/indian-treaties#:~:text=To%20achieve%20his%20purpose%2C%20Jackson,to%20give%20up%20their%20homelands.

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The California Trail was a path settlers used to reach California. Many traveled it during the Gold Rush, but the journey was dangerous. The trail became less used after the Transcontinental Railroad was completed in 1869.

https://www.nps.gov/cali/

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Annexation was approved by the Texas and U.S. congresses in 1845. It became the 28th state of the United States

https://www.britannica.com/place/Texas-state/Annexation-and-statehood

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Mexican American War (April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848)

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Mexican American War (April 25, 1846 – February 2, 1848)

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The Mexican-American War was between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 because of territorial arguments following the U.S. annexation of Texas. Also for the reason that Mexico didn't want to give up more territory to the U.S.

https://vt.public.ng.mil/Museum/History/Wars/Mexican-American/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%20causes%20of,U.S.%20desire%20to%20claim%20California.

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In 1846, Britain and the United States signed the Oregon Treaty. It included the area that is now Washington, Oregon, and most of British Columbia.

https://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Pacific%20Northwest%20History/Lessons/Lesson%208/8.html#:~:text=In%201846%20Britain%20and%20the,Strait%20of%20Juan%20de%20Fuca.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1830-1860/oregon-territory#:~:text=The%20territory%20became%20a%20focus,accept%20Russian%20attempts%20at%20monopoly.

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In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold at Sutter’s Mill in California. Thousands of people moved west to search for gold, hoping to get rich. Most didn’t, but the rush led to California becoming a state in 1850.

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/goldrush-california/

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The civil war was between the American union and the southern confederates. The war was primarily over slavery.

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This act instated that provided that any adult citizen who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land.

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Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad (May 10, 1869)

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Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad (May 10, 1869)

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The Transcontinental Railroad is a long stretch of track that allowed for trains to travel through the entirety of America making the trip across America effortless for the time.

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Opening of the Carlisle Industrial School (1879)

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Opening of the Carlisle Industrial School (1879)

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The Carlisle Industrial School was a school where hundreds of thousands of Native kids were taken to be re-educated in American ways to become regular citizens.

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The Exodus of 1879 was a movement of migration for African American settlers, also known as the Exodusters to the Great Plains around the Reconstruction era (1863-1877).

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This act authorized the president to break up reservation land.

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This was a broadcast from the Census Bureau stating that in the west there were no apparent tracts of land without settlers.

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https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/civil-war-facts#:~:text=Q.-,When%20did%20the%20Civil%20War%20begin%3F,Confederate%20army%20to%20Ulysses%20S.

https://www.americanyawp.com/text/08-the-market-revolution/

https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/homestead-act#:~:text=The%20Homestead%20Act%2C%20enacted%20during,plot%20by%20cultivating%20the%20land.

https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/dawes-act

https://guides.loc.gov/this-month-in-business-history/may/completion-transcontinental-railroad#:~:text=The%20railroad%20opened%20for%20through,at%20Promontory%20Summit%20in%20Utah.

https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-carlisle-indian-industrial-school-assimilation-with-education-after-the-indian-wars-teaching-with-historic-places.htm#:~:text=The%20Carlisle%20Indian%20Industrial%20School%20opened%20in%201879%20and%20operated,to%20U.S.%20values%20and%20culture.

https://schoolhistory.co.uk/notes/closing-of-the-frontier-impact/#:~:text=In%201890%2C%20the%20Census%20Bureau,but%20also%20freedom%20and%20opportunity.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/exodusters-definition-lesson-quiz.html#:~:text=The%20Exodus%20of%201879%20was,and%20murder%20of%20white%20Southerners.

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Facts and frequently asked questions relating to the American Civil War. Many elements of Civil War scholarship are still hotly debated. The facts on this page are based on the soundest information available. We provide facts, dates, figures, tables and clarification of common misconceptions.