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Youtube video of spanish and Portuguese colonies.

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Youtube video of spanish and Portuguese colonies.

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Ten Minute History - The Early Spanish and Portuguese Empires (Short Documentary)

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Who Was Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the Father of Mexican Independence? | Britannica

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Questions and answers about Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla.

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he became a livestock handler, healer, coachman and finally steward. legally freed in 1776 he married and had 2 kids. He was small and homely he was a Roman Catholic opposed to voodoo.

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He was like the George Washington of South America. the turning point was when he let people march on the hill and then he took over

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The Social classes were Africans, Native Americans, Mulatties, Mestizos, Carlous, Peninsulares.

The Set backs of these two Social classes were rebellions, economic challenges, and external pressures from rival European powers

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The next day, Hidalgo's followers began to march toward Mexico City. The army included 80,000 men. Unfortunately, the Spanish army defeated Hidalgo army.

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he fought off the eroupeans with he people that he had come together to for independents and peace for they can live and do what they want.

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Dom Pedro was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, where he was known as "the Liberator". As King Dom Pedro IV, he ruled over Portugal, where he also became known as "the Liberator".

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Toussaint Louverture waswas a leader of the Haitian independence movment during the french rev he was all for ending slavery and negotiated for the french colony on hatit to be governed by formally enslaved people as a french protectorate.

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we should remember him for his accomplishments 

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we should remember him for his accomplishments 

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On September 16, 1810, he rang the village church bells and gathered the peasants into one spot. Then he shared ideas of rebellion and encouraged a revolt against the Spanish

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He was an Emperor of Agustin and a military leader and politician who was a key role in securing Mexico independence

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Table of Contents

José de San Martín, (born February 25, 1778, Yapeyú, viceroyalty of Río de la Plata [now in Argentina]-died August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France), Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina (1812), Chile (1818), and Peru (1821).

Early life and career

San Martín's father, Juan de San Martín, a Spanish professional soldier, was administrator of Yapeyú, formerly a Jesuit mission station in Guaraní Indian territory, on the northern frontier of Argentina. His mother, Gregoria Matorras, was also Spanish. The family returned to Spain when José was six. From 1785 to 1789 he was educated at the Seminary of Nobles in Madrid, leaving there to begin his military career as a cadet in the Murcia infantry regiment. For the next 20 years he was a loyal officer of the Spanish monarch, fighting against the Moors in Oran (1791); against the British (1798), who held him captive for more than a year; and against the Portuguese in the War of the Oranges (1801). He was made captain in 1804.

The turning point in San Martín's career came in 1808, following Napoleon's occupation of Spain and the subsequent patriotic uprising against the French there. For two years he served the Sevilla (Seville) junta that was conducting the war on behalf of the imprisoned Spanish king Ferdinand VII. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel for his conduct in the Battle of Bailén (1808) and was elevated to command of the Sagunto Dragoons after the Battle of Albuera (1811). Instead of taking up his new post, he sought permission to go to Lima, the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru, but traveled by way of London to Buenos Aires, which had become the principal centre of resistance in South America to the Sevilla junta and its successor, the Cádiz-based Council of Regency. There, in the year 1812, San Martín was given the task of organizing a corps of grenadiers against the Spanish royalists centred in Peru who threatened the revolutionary government in Argentina.

One possible explanation for this startling change of allegiance on the part of a soldier who had sworn fealty to Spain is that it was prompted by British sympathizers with the independence movement in Spanish America and that San Martín was recruited through the agency of James Duff, 4th earl of Fife, who had fought in Spain (and who caused San Martín to be made a freeman of Banff, Scotland). In later years, San Martín averred that he had sacrificed his career in Spain because he had responded to the call of his native land, and this is the view taken by Argentinian historians. Undoubtedly, peninsular Spanish prejudice against anyone born in the Indies must have rankled throughout his career in Spain and caused him to identify himself with the creole revolutionaries.

In the service of the Buenos Aires government, San Martín distinguished himself as a trainer and leader of soldiers, and, after winning a skirmish against loyalist forces at San Lorenzo, on the right bank of the Paraná River (February 3, 1813), he was sent to Tucumán to reinforce, and ultimately replace, Gen. Manuel Belgrano, who was being hard pressed by forces of the viceroy of Peru. San Martín recognized that the Río de la Plata provinces would never be secure so long as the royalists held Lima, but he perceived the military impossibility of reaching the centre of viceregal power by way of the conventional overland route through Upper Peru (modern Bolivia). He therefore quietly prepared the masterstroke that was his supreme contribution to the liberation of southern South America. First, he disciplined and trained the army around Tucumán so that, with the assistance of gaucho guerrilleros, they would be capable of a holding operation. Then, on the pretense of ill health, he got himself appointed governor intendant of the province of Cuyo, the capital of which was Mendoza, the key to the routes across the Andes. There, he set about creating an army that would link up overland with the soldiers of the patriotic government in Chile and then proceed by sea to attack Peru.

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José de San Martín, (born February 25, 1778, Yapeyú, viceroyalty of Río de la Plata [now in Argentina]-died August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France), Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina (1812), Chile (1818), and Peru (1821).

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He was a priest in the small village of Dolores, he was the one to take the first step towards independence.

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He was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer.

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Simon Bolivar led many South American countries to independence from the Spanish Empire.

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Social Spanish and Portuguese colonies/1790 Latin American map.

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Social Spanish and Portuguese colonies/1790 Latin American map.