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Constitutional bill sent to England to request establishment of a bicameral legislature (appointed upper/elected lower house) which was enacted in 1955.

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David Hamer et al, Laying Down the Law (LexisNexis, 12th ed., 2024) ch 2

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David Hamer et al, Laying down the Law (Lexisnexis Butterworths, 2015)

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FIRST CIVIL CASE - Cable v Sinclair. Henry Kable (or Cable) & Susannah Holmes v Mr Duncan Sinclair. Henry and Susannah were convicts. They were originally sentenced to death, then reprieved to transportation to America. Whilst awaiting transportation, they met in Norwich prison and had a baby. Susannah was then selected to travel to the new colony of New South Wales with the First Fleet. Henry and Henry Jr were eventually given permission to join Susannah. Before leaving England, a large parcel of goods was donated to the young family and placed onboard the cargo ship with the First Fleet. They were to collect their parcel at the end of their journey from the ship’s Captain, Mr Duncan Sinclair. On arrival, the parcel could not be found. After pleading for restitution, Governor Arthur Phillip, Judge Advocate David Collins and Reverend Richard Johnson (the Judicial Group of the new Colony) allowed Henry and Susannah to sue the ship’s Captain. This was a landmark case as convicts who previously had no rights in England were able to sue and receive the protection of the law in the new colony. 

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'The Birth of the Anglo Australian Legal System', The Law Report (ABC Radio National, 26 January 2016) .                                                           Rule of Law Education Centre, ‘The First Civil Case in Australia’ .

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Australia (Request and Consent) Act 1985. An Act passed by the Commonwealth and state Parliaments requesting the removal of all constitutional links to the United Kingdom and its power over Australia. This was pursuant to the Statute of Westminster 1931.

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David Hamer et al, Laying Down the Law (LexisNexis, 12th ed, 2024)

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Ronald Ryan was the last person to be executed (hanging) in Australia at Pentridge Prison Victoria on 3rd February 1967. Hew was found guily of murdering a Warden while escaping Pentridge in 1965.

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Capital Punishment (No 3, Australian Institute of Criminology, February 1987) 1 .

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First Death Penalty - hanging (Thomas Barret) in NSW. 27 February 1788 for theft of provisions.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporate (ABC), ‘The Birth of the Anglo Australian Legal System’ (26 January 2016) . 

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Date of Reception - Australian Courts Act 

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David Hamer, Judith Jones and Patrick O’Mara, Laying down the Law (LexisNexis Butterworths, 12th edn, 2023) 41 [2]

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Hamer, David et al, Laying Down the Law (LexisNexis, 12th ed, 2024)

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Enactment of the Australian Constitution

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Parliamentary Education Office, The Australian Constitution in Focus (Web Page) 

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Enactment of the Australian Constitution

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Establishment of National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for health practitioners (July 2010 for all states except for WA(October 2010)). The aim of the scheme is to provide protection to the public via standardised practitioner registration, accreditation and upholding standards across Australia. 

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Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency and Forum of Australian Health Professions Councils, Accreditation under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act (Report, 2011) 2

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The 1967 Constitutional Referendum repealed s 127 of the Australian Constitution.  Together with the amendment of s 51(xxvi), First Nations Peoples were included in future population census and the Commonwealth was able to draft and enact legislation  that addressed their specific interests and needs.

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David Hamer et al, Laying Down the Law (LexisNexis, 12th ed, 2024) 4.61

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Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 established four Aboriginal land trusts in the Northern Territory.  The enduring benefits to First Nations peoples in the NT is that Land Trusts now control traditional Aboriginal lands, a critical foundation to cultural maintenance and provides for economic and social sustainability and self-determination.  It also provides legal frameworks and protections to ensure Aboriginal people are involved in the decisions and benefit from any development on such lands.

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Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cth) s 4(1)

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Mabo v Queensland (No 2); the overturning of the doctrine of terra nullius by the High Court of Australia on 3 June 1992. Whilst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people had been "counted" in the census since the 1967 referendum, the 1992 High Court "Mabo" decision legitimised First Australian's natural right to declare Sovereignty, as this was never extinguished or ceded. Since 1992, the following events have contributed to the shaping of the Australian Legal System:•	1992 (10 December) PM Paul Keating’s Redfern Speech•	1993 Section 46B of the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986, allows for the appointment of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner.•	1994 Cathy Freeman runs with Aboriginal & Australian flags after race win.•	1995 Michael Long stands against racism in AFL•	1996 Wik - Native Title & pastoral leases cases heard.•	1997 Bringing Them Home Report released.•	2000 Reconciliation Bridge Walks•	2002 Yorta Yorta High Court outcome.•	2005 ATSIC abolished (announced 2004)•	2005 Social Justice Report released by Tom Calma, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner.•	2006 Reconciliation Action Plan Program•	2007 Close the Gap Launched by Indigenous leaders.•	2007 (15 June) Ampe Akelyernemane Meke Mekarle, Little Children are Sacred report released.•	2007 (21 June) Northern Territory Emergency Response.•	2008 PM Kevin Rudd apologises to Stolen Generations for disconnection & dispossession•	2008 Closing the Gap Statement of Intent signed with bipartisan support•	2009 UNDRIP adopted by Australia (not implemented).•	2010 Compulsory Income Management, WA, NT, SA, QLD•	2012 Racism ‘It stops with me’.•	2012 ‘Recognise’ campaign launched to raise awareness of need to change Australian Constitution.•	2013 Adam Goodes booing saga started in AFL•	2014 Redfern Statement released by National Congress Australia’s First People (NCAFP).•	2014 NCAFP funding cut – what was designed to be a self-determined and sustainable organisation was abolished due to the reneging of funds promised at election time.•	2014 (4 August) Death of 22-Year-old Ms Dhu, in police custody.•	2015 Gayaa Dhuwi (Proud Spirit) Declaration launched by the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Leadership in Mental Health•	2016 (25 July) 4 Corners episode ‘Australia’s Shame’ of Don Dale use of spit hoods and exposure of treatment of incarcerated young people; often 100% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander.•	2016 Family Matters Roadmap released: Plan to address the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Out of Home Care.•	2017 Royal Commission NT Institutional Care•	2017 Uluru Statement•	2017 Royal Commission: The Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory final report. •	2017 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse final report.•	2018 Closing the Gap Policy Refresh.•	2019 Coronial Inquest findings handed down of the Deaths of 13 Aboriginal Children and Young Persons in the Kimberley Region between 2012 and 2016.•	2019 (9 November) Death of 19-Year-old Kumanjayi Walker, shot by a police officer. •	2019 Ken Wyatt first Indigenous appointed Minister for Indigenous Australians •	2019 National Indigenous Australians Agency created.•	2020 Gayaa Dhuwi (Proud Spirit) Australia established as the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing, mental health and suicide prevention National body.•	2022 (15 October) Death of young boy 15-Year-old, Cassius Turvey.•	2023 Voice Referendum to change the Australian Constitution. There have been more events than this especially as there has been 4 Aboriginal deaths in Custody so far this year (compared with 10 non-Indigenous deaths for the same period). 

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The Australia Acts 1986 marked another significant event in Australia’s path to legal independence. It was a collaborative effort between the British and Australian Parliaments, with input from the Australian states. Its significance lies in its severance of the remaining constitutional ties with the British Parliament, effectively ending the Privy Council’s jurisdiction over Australian law. The Acts granted Australia full legal autonomy, solidifying the country’s complete independence in its legal system.

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The Statute of Westminster 1931 stands as a significant legislative milestone in Australia’s journey to legal independence. Passed by the British Parliament, it was a result of the 1926 Balfour Declaration. This statute formally acknowledged the autonomous status of the dominions, recognising their right to make laws without the need for British approval. It also affirmed that these dominions, including Australia, were equal in status within the British Empire. As a result, Australia gained significant legislative freedom, enabling the country to pass laws with minimal interference from Britain.