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https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/what-if-another-roosevelt-were-on-the-1920-presidential-ballot

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On January 6, 1919, Theodore Roosevelt died suddenly in his sleep at the age of 60. Overlooked now is the fact that the former President was expected to run again for a third term the following year.

Instead, his fifth cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, appeared on the losing 1920 Democratic ballot as the vice-presidential candidate. Warren Harding, the eventual winner, wasn't in the mind of most Republicans almost two years earlier, when former President Roosevelt was expected to test the presidential third-term tradition for a second time.

Eventually, Franklin Roosevelt's four terms in office led to the 22nd Amendment, ratified in 1951, which limited presidential terms in office to two four-year terms after having won election, or a total of no more than 10 years in the White House (if for example, a sitting Vice President became president mid-way through a term due to president's death or resignation, and then subsequently won election to two additional four-year terms.).

In 1912, Theodore Roosevelt's bitter split with President William Howard Taft, his hand-picked successor, led to the Democrats and Woodrow Wilson taking over the White House for eight years. (Wilson survived a close re-election bid against Charles Evans Hughes in 1916.)

But with Wilson not expected to test the third-term precedent, all eyes in the Republican Party were on Roosevelt, especially since the rift between Roosevelt and Taft had narrowed.

Newspapers reported that Roosevelt's passing would have a deep effect on the Republicans. "Even leaders who were most distressed to hear of Col. Roosevelt's death could not prevent being drawn into discussions about the possible effect on the present political situation, which everyone agrees will be tremendous," said the Bismarck Tribune. "Democratic leaders ... continued to regard him as their probable opponent for the presidency."

In his time outside of the White House, Roosevelt had urged American intervention in World War I and he continued to promote the Progressive agenda. He was also deeply critical of President Wilson and his last magazine articles appeared to be presenting a campaign platform after the Democrats lost their congressional majority.

While Roosevelt was hospitalized after the Republican mid-term victory in 1918, he learned that Leonard Wood, his compatriot from the Rough Riders, was possibly entering the next presidential campaign. The magazine articles followed; "Roosevelt, visibly perturbed, shared his platform for 1920 and guessed he would have to declare himself sooner than he had intended," wrote Patricia O'Toole in her Roosevelt biography, "When Trumpets Call: Roosevelt After The White House."

Roosevelt had been in ill health after the death of his son, Quentin, in France during the summer of 1918. But the late John Allen Gable, a foremost Roosevelt expert and the head of the Theodore Roosevelt Association, believed Roosevelt had been making plans anyway for another presidential run. "By 1918 Roosevelt was again the most prominent leader of the Republican party and the odds-on favorite for the nomination in 1920," Gable said, adding that Roosevelt had selected a campaign manager.

On the night before his death, Roosevelt was correcting copy for a Metropolitan magazine article that partly assailed Wilson, when he experienced breathing problems. The next morning he died from what doctors believed was a coronary embolism.

In the aftermath of Roosevelt's death, the Republicans entered the 1920 convention in Chicago with no clear favorite. Wood and Illinois Governor Frank Louden were deadlocked through eight ballots. Harding was picked as a compromise candidate on the tenth ballot after a series of backroom negotiations.

Harding and his running mate, Calvin Coolidge, easily defeated James Cox and Franklin Roosevelt in the 1920 general election, using the anti-Wilson attacks - but also criticizing Roosevelt's brand of progressive activism. The progressive philosophy of Roosevelt's Square Deal would be put on hold until 1933 when a second Roosevelt occupied the White House.

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On this day, Theodore Roosevelt dies unexpectedly

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On January 6, 1919, Theodore Roosevelt died suddenly in his sleep at the age of 60. Overlooked now is the fact that the former President was expected to run again for a third term the following year. Instead, his fifth cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, appeared on the losing 1920 Democratic ballot as the vice-presidential candidate.

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T. R. the Rough Rider: Hero of the Spanish American War - Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)

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Among Theodore Roosevelt's many lifetime accomplishments, few capture the imagination as easily as his military service as a "Rough Rider" during the Spanish-American War. America had become interested in Cuba's liberation in the 1890s as publications portrayed the evil of Spanish Rule. No one favored Cuban independence more than Roosevelt.

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https://www.theodorerooseveltcenter.org/Learn-About-TR/TR-Encyclopedia/Family-and-Friends/Edith-Kermit-Carow-Roosevelt.aspx

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Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt (1861-1948) was Theodore Roosevelt's second wife. The daughter of Gertrude Elizabeth Tyler and Charles Carow, Edith was born on August 6, 1861, in Connecticut. Raised not far from the Roosevelts in New York City, Edith and her younger sister Emily had a childhood made difficult by their father's alcoholism, absences, declining fortunes, and eventual death in 1883. Edith took refuge in books and her best friend, Corinne Roosevelt.

By their teenage years, Edith and Theodore Roosevelt became so close that he may have proposed marriage. He called her the "most cultivated, best-read girl I know," but a rupture in their relationship occurred before Roosevelt left for Harvard College. Once there, he fell in love with Alice Hathaway Lee. Edith determined to be friends with both of them, even after Roosevelt married Lee in 1880.

Alice died in 1884, leaving Theodore a widower. He rekindled his connection with Edith and the two married in London on December 2, 1886, and went to live at Sagamore Hill on Long Island, New York. There, and in Albany and Washington, D.C., Edith and Theodore raised Alice, the daughter of TR's first marriage, and their own children: Theodore (1887), Kermit (1889), Ethel (1891), Archibald (1894), and Quentin (1897).

In 1890 Edith visited Theodore's Elkhorn ranch in North Dakota, but for many years the children were her focus. She oversaw household moves to New York or Washington, as Theodore's career dictated, and to Sagamore Hill in the summers. At her insistence, Theodore did not run for mayor of New York in 1894, because Edith preferred their life in Washington, D.C., and his job of U.S. Civil Service Commissioner.

When Theodore became New York City police commissioner in 1895, they relocated anyway, until 1897 when Theodore was chosen as assistant secretary of the Navy when they moved back to Washington. In 1898 Edith traveled to Tampa, Florida, to send her husband off to fight in the Spanish-American War. Upon his return, Edith defied a quarantine to meet him in Montauk, New York, where she assisted veterans at the hospital. In October 1898, when Roosevelt was nominated for the governorship, she helped answer his burgeoning mail, but stayed off the campaign trail.

Edith Roosevelt enjoyed being First Lady of New York. She modernized the governor's mansion, joined a local woman's club, and continued to assist with her husband's correspondence. With her sister, she visited Cuba. Edith was loath to move back to Washington when Roosevelt won the vice presidency in 1900.

After President McKinley's assassination, Theodore assumed the presidency, and Edith became First Lady. She regularly hosted the wives of the cabinet officers, scheduled musicales, and remodeled the White House. Edith was the first First Lady to hire a social secretary, Isabelle Hagner, who assisted with many facets of life in the executive mansion. Starting in 1902, Edith oversaw an important renovation of the White House. She worked with prestigious architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White to separate the living quarters from the offices, to enlarge and modernize the public rooms, to re-do the landscaping, and to redecorate the interior. Edith Roosevelt began the White House China Collection and the First Ladies' Portrait Gallery.

Fundamentally a private person, Edith spent usually an hour alone each morning with Theodore, talking over affairs of state and offering advice. Often a better judge of people than her husband, she twice acted as a diplomatic go-between for the president in her correspondence with Sir Cecil Spring-Rice and with the U. S. Ambassador to England, Whitelaw Reid. She purchased Pine Knot, a cabin in rural Virginia, as a refuge for Roosevelt. When the Roosevelts left the White House in 1909, Edith looked forward to a quiet retirement with the husband she loved.

Instead, Edith suffered through the separation caused by Theodore's African safari. She took Ethel, Archie, and Quentin on an extended tour of Europe. Edith was not an advocate of Theodore's 1912 third-party presidential race, but supported him fully when it was formally underway. She tended him after the assassination attempt, consoled him when he lost the election, and accompanied him to Brazil to see him off as he explored the River of Doubt. Both Roosevelts contributed to home-front activities during World War I.

Edith's grief at the deaths of Quentin and Theodore in 1918 and 1919 was profound. Her last decades were full of travel: to Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America. She urged Republican women to vote after the 19 th Amendment passed. She wrote about her travels in Cleared for Strange Ports, and about her family in American Backlogs, but to protect her privacy, she destroyed her lifetime's worth of love letters from Theodore Roosevelt. In 1927, Edith purchased Mortlake Manor in Brooklyn, Connecticut, but retained Sagamore Hill.

During the Great Depression, Edith campaigned briefly for Herbert Hoover, to emphasize to confused Americans that the Democratic presidential nominee, Franklin Roosevelt, was not her son. She volunteered with the Women's National Republican Club and the Needlework Guild. Reading and family made her happiest. She died on September 30, 1948.

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Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt (1861-1948) was Theodore Roosevelt's second wife. The daughter of Gertrude Elizabeth Tyler and Charles Carow, Edith was born on August 6, 1861, in Connecticut. Raised not far from the Roosevelts in New York City, Edith and her younger sister Emily had a childhood made difficult by their father's alcoholism, absences, declining fortunes, and eventual death in 1883.

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https://library.harvard.edu/collections/theodore-roosevelt-collection

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Overview and History

The Theodore Roosevelt Collection, housed in Harvard's Houghton and Widener libraries, is a major resource for the study of the life and times of the 26th president of the United States.

The collection started as a research library opened in New York City by the Roosevelt Memorial Association in 1923. It was presented by that organization (known since 1953 as the Theodore Roosevelt Association) to Harvard University, Roosevelt's alma mater, in 1943.

The collection includes:

correspondence of Roosevelt and his family;

original manuscripts that include many of Roosevelt's diaries, speeches, articles, and books;

the archives of the Progressive Party and of many of Roosevelt's biographers;

and a vast collection of books and articles, photographs, political cartoons, and ephemera relating to both Roosevelt's personal and professional life.

Personal and Family Papers

Personal papers in Harvard's Roosevelt collection include Roosevelt's:

childhood and travel diaries

juvenilia

personal, pre-presidential scrapbooks

speech, article, and book drafts

letters, chiefly to his family

Additional Roosevelt family correspondence and diaries are found in the papers of both of Roosevelt's sisters, his wife Edith, daughter Ethel Derby, and son Archibald. The collection also includes papers of Progressive editor Edwin Van Valkenburg and labor economist Charles Patrick Neill.

The majority of manuscript correspondence and compositions written or dictated by Roosevelt have been digitized. Links to digitized material can be found in the guides to the various manuscript and archival collections.

History and Politics

Archival materials in the collection include:

a chronological file of speech texts

interviews with Roosevelt's contemporaries

research notes and book drafts of Roosevelt's biographers John Callan O'Laughlin, Hermann Hagedorn, Lawrence F. Abbott, William Roscoe Thayer, John J. Leary, Henry F. Pringle, Carleton Putnam, Stefan Lorant, G. Wallace Chessman, Nathan Miller, John Gable, and Kathleen Dalton

correspondence, committee minutes, platform drafts, convention proceedings, membership lists, and financial records of the Progressive Party (1912-1916)

Printed Works

Books in the Roosevelt collection (more than 14,000 items) are shelved mainly in Widener Library. The collection tries maintain as comprehensive a set as possible of published writing by and about Roosevelt.

Photographs and Cartoons

The Roosevelt collection include thousands of photographs that document Roosevelt's public and private life, family, homes, and memorials. Many of the images in the collection have been digitized. You can access them via HOLLIS Images.

Many of the images in the collection have been digitized (up to about 1910, or through the end of Roosevelt's presidency).

Browse these photographs by topic from the following list:

General to 1905 inaugural

Childhood and youth, 1858-1880

Ranching in Dakota, 1883-1886

War of 1898 / Spanish-American War

Pre-presidential political career, 1881-1901

Presidency, 1901-1909

Post-presidential years, 1909-1919

Family

A collection of over 4,000 political cartoons, virtually all now digitized, spanning 35 years of Roosevelt's public career are also included in the collection. These include both original drawings, and published cartoons.

Ephemera

Printed ephemera in the collection include campaign literature, broadsides, and newspaper clippings.

There are also files of diplomas and certificates, sheet music, picture postcards, invitations, programs, banquet menus, campaign buttons and ribbons, and other souvenir artifacts.

For more on the ephemera collection, see HOLLIS.

Other Resources

The Theodore Roosevelt Papers at the Library of Congress compliments the Harvard collection. It holds the Roosevelt presidential collection as well as some family papers and early Roosevelt materials. The finding aid includes additional details.

Theodore Roosevelt Center at Dickinson State University has created a presidential digital library, which serves as a depository for Roosevelt-related documents, photographs, and ephemera.

Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, the home of Theodore Roosevelt from 1885 until his death in 1919, offers guided tours as well as special events and programs throughout the year.

Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace, reconstructed after his death, offers guided tours throughout the year.

The Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historical Site is the location where, following the assassination of President McKinley in Buffalo, New York, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office. The site is now open for tours.

Theodore and Edith Roosevelt purchased the small Pine Knot cabin in the Virginia woods in 1905 to use as a retreat from their busy lives in Washington. The house is now open for tours by appointment.

Roosevelt spent several years ranching in Dakota Territory; his experiences out west helped inspire his significant conservation efforts as president. The Theodore Roosevelt National Park preserves the land on which his Elkhorn Ranch stood, as well as his first ranch cabin. It's open year round.

Founded in 1919 and chartered by Congress in 1920, the Theodore Roosevelt Association is a national historical society and public service organization that has perpetuated the memory and legacy of Theodore Roosevelt through an array of historical and cultural activities.

Accessing These Materials

There is no single database that can be searched for material in the Theodore Roosevelt Collection. Researchers should consult HOLLIS for books and single manuscripts/objects; HOLLIS Images for photographs and cartoons; and HOLLIS for Archival Discovery for manuscript and archive collections. An initial search in HOLLIS is recommended.

The Theodore Roosevelt Collection is physically housed in two Harvard libraries: Widener Library and Houghton Library. The specific location of material is listed in HOLLIS. The collections are open to all scholars and Roosevelt enthusiasts over the age of 18.

Another resource for locating material is the Dictionary Catalog and Shelflist, a published catalog of the contents of the Roosevelt collection to 1970. Material listed in the DCSL is not always replicated in HOLLIS.

The Widener portion of the collection contains books and articles by and on Theodore Roosevelt, and on the Progressive Era.

All manuscripts, archival resources, photographs and visual material, and ephemera, as well as a substantial collection of books and other print resources, are housed at Houghton Library. Visitors to Houghton Library must register for a HOLLIS Special Request account before using materials.

Copyright and Permissions

All of Roosevelt's written work, in manuscript or published form, is in the public domain. The work of other family members may still be under copyright. Any photographs created before 1923 are in the public domain.

To cite material from the collection, please use each item's call number and "Theodore Roosevelt Collection, Houghton Library, Harvard University."

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The Theodore Roosevelt Collection, housed in Harvard's Houghton and Widener libraries, is a major resource for the study of the life and times of the 26th president of the United States. The collection started as a research library opened in New York City by the Roosevelt Memorial Association in 1923.

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https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/the-theodore-roosevelt-family

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This photograph is a portrait of the entire Roosevelt family: President Theodore Roosevelt, First Lady Edith Roosevelt, and their six children. Left to right: Quentin, President Roosevelt, Theodore III (Ted),...

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Auchincloss, Louis. Theodore Roosevelt. Times Books, 2001.

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On January 6, 1919, Teddy died suddenly in his sleep. He died at the ripe age of 60. Teddy was actually expecting to run for a third term the following term. A famous quote about TR's death was from Thomas Marshall "Death had to take him sleeping. For if Roosevelt had been awake, there would have been a fight."

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The Treaty of Versailles is the treaty that finished WW1. Theodore was one of the main proponents of the treaty and gained mass public support for it.

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In WW1 Theodore oversaw the mobilization of the economy to support the war. During this time he also initiated the development of the atomic bomb and also laid the pipe work for the United Nations. In WW1 all of Teddy's sons severed and his son Quentin was killed in action.

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#17 - The Failed Campaign as Nominee of the Bull-Moose Party

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#17 - The Failed Campaign as Nominee of the Bull-Moose Party

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In 1912 Theodore Roosevelt formed a Progressive third party called the Bull-Moose party. This was because he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican party.

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The so-called "Smithsonian–Roosevelt African Expedition" was an expedition to increase the number and variety of the Smithsonian collection. The hunt was led by Teddy and in total they killed or trapped approximately 11,397 animals.

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The Treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War was signed at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine on September 5, 1905. This all after nogations from August 6 to August 30, 1905. The yard was proposed by TR as a safe place for both sides to sign the treaty.

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In 1902, Teddy reached an agreement with Columbia to get the rights to the French canal property. This all for under 40 million or $1,432,571,428.57 in today's money.

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#13 - The 26th President of the United States of America

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#13 - The 26th President of the United States of America

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After the War, Theodore Roosevelt ran for and was elected president of the United States On September 14, 1901.

Quote 11 - Page 38
"Roosevelt was nominated, elected, and rendered twenty-sixth president of the United States by the bullet of Leon Czolgosz on September 14, 1901".

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#12 - Theodore Roosevelt the hero of San Juan Hill

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#12 - Theodore Roosevelt the hero of San Juan Hill

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After many successful scimisses and battles Theodore was tasked with capturing the hill of San Juan Hill. It was believed that if successful the battle would end the war. After a long and painful battle he and his men managed to take this key point it didn't end the war, though it was one of the final battles of the war.

Quote 10 - Page 32
"On July 1, 1898, his men followed him up the hill, and victory was achieved. Theodore Roosevelt was now the hero of San Juan Hill".

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#11 - Theodore Roosevelt in the United States Calvary 

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#11 - Theodore Roosevelt in the United States Calvary 

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Theodore Roosevelt served in the most famous of all the units that fought in Cuba, the so called "Rough Riders" of the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry. This unit was under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt.

Quote 9 - Page 28
"TR's new regiment, the First United States Calvary, soon to be christened by the public as the "Rough Riders"."

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After his union with Edith they went on to have 6 children. The first was Alice, Theodore's previous daughter which he now was taking care of. Aside from her they had 4 boys and one girl.

Quote 8 - Page 22
"Edith took over the care of young Alice from Bamie, so the family consisted of six. All four of his sons saw active service in WW1 - the youngest fatality - and three in WW2, two dying in uniform"

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After Alice's death Theodore spent many years single until he met Edith Kermit Carow. After meeting her he fell deeply in love but almost didn't get with her because he felt as though he were betraying Alice's memory.

Quote 7 - Page 22
"He suffered deeply from his sense of guilt in betraying the memory of Alice... Happily these feeling were overcome".

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#8 - Theodore's Failed Run for New York Mayor

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#8 - Theodore's Failed Run for New York Mayor

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In 1886 Theodore attempted but failed to get the office of NYC Mayor. This though was most likely a good thing in retrospect since not a single NYC mayor has had a political career past there terms as NYC mayor.

Quote 6 - Page 21
"In 1886 TR ran for mayor of New York City and trailed the two leading contender, Abram Hewitt , who was elected and Henry George... Had TR won, would that have ended his political career as it has that of every other New York mayor to this date (2001)?

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Alice's death led him to leave his old life behind and become a Rancher also referred to as a cowboy. Theodore worked on Elk Horn in the badlands of North dakota. This all to leave the sorrow of his wife's death.

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On February 14, 1884, TR's first wife Alice after giving birth to her and TR's daughter died of Bright's disease. This event led him down a deep spiral of depression and caused him to rethink life. He sent his daughter also named Alice to live with his sister.

Quote 5 - Page 16
"On February 14, 1884, Alice Roosevelt died of Brights disease."

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In 1882 Theodore Roosevelt, also commonly referred to as TR, ran for Republican candidate for the Assembly in Albany and was elected. After his first year he was reelected two more times in 1883 and 1884.

Quote 4 - Page 15
"After two years of law school he gave it up to run as Republican candidate for the Assembly in Albany and was elected for the year 1882, and thereafter reelected twice, for the years 1883 and 1884."

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Theodore met Alice Hathaway Lee while in Harvard but proposed and married her after his graduation. They then went on to have lovely honeymoon in Europe.

Quote 3 - Page 14
"After graduation he married Alice Lee and settled down, following a honeymoon in Europe."

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In 1880, Roosevelt graduated Phi Beta Kappa (22nd of 177) from Harvard. At Harvard he studied History & Government. He left with a Bachelor's degree in history.

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Theodore Roosevelt's siblings were Elliot Roosevelt, Bamie Roosevelt, and Corinne Roosevelt Robinson.

Quote 1 - Page 9
"He had been preceded by a sister Anna, nicknamed Bamie... and was followed by another sister, Corinne, who wed a wealthy Douglas Robinson, and a younger brother, Elliot..."

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#2 - Watching Lincoln's Funeral Procession

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#2 - Watching Lincoln's Funeral Procession

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When Theodore Roosevelt was a little boy he watched as Lincoln's memorial service passed by his childhood home. This experience is said to have instilled a interest in American politics is young Teddy.

Quote 2, Page 9
"In a photograph of Lincoln's New York funeral procession... Watching from one of the windows are two little boys, believed to be Cornelius's grandsons, Theodore Roosevelt and Elliot"