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The understanding that a phrase or sentence is made up of individual words

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A part of a word that contains a single vowel sound and that is pronounced as a unit.

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A repetition of similar sounds in the final stressed syllables and any following syllables of two or more words.

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Does It Rhyme? Learning Rhyming Words for Kids

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The onset is the part of a single-syllable word before the vowel. The rime is the part of a word including the vowel and the letters that follows.

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Onsets and Rimes | Set 2 | Initial Blends | Jack Hartmann

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Sound blending is the ability to build words from individual sounds by blending the sounds together in sequence.

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The ability to identify and manipulate the sounds of language

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The Letter Sound Challenge | Letter Runs | Jack Hartmann and Katie Garner

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Involves identifying the individual sounds. (phonemes) in a word.

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Let's Learn SEGMENTING WORDS {Phonemic Awareness}

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Omission of a sound between two words

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The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

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Phoneme manipulation is a reading skill that builds on those skills. Phoneme manipulation is the practice of inserting, deleting, or substituting sounds in words.

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The relationship of the letters in the alphabet to the sounds they produce, is a key component of the alphabetic principle and learning to read.

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One of the speech sounds or letters of the alphabet that is not a vowel.

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A letter representing a vowel sound, such as a, e, i, o, u.

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The Vowel Song: Long and Short Vowel Sounds | English Songs | Scratch Garden

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Vowel digraphs are two vowels that, when placed together, generate one sound

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Also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.

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Diphthongs | English Grammar & Composition Grade 4 | Periwinkle

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Vowels controlled by the r! There are three r controlled vowel sounds: ar says arrrr like the pirate sound, or, and er/ir/ur says irrrrrr like someone slamming on the brakes!

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Word parts added to the end of words that affect the tense, number, or comparative/superlative.

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Children in a pre-alphabetic stage of reading do not yet understand letter-sound relationships or even know all of the letters of the alphabet.

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Stage 0 - Introduction to Pre-Alphabetic Readers

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During this stage, children know most letter names but just are beginning to learn the relationship between letters and their sounds.

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Students move from the partial alphabetic phase to the full alphabetic phase when they know the relationships between letters and their sounds

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Enables teachers to identify optimal words for instruction within three different categories (Essential, Valuable, Accessible, and Imported) and determine whether to provide Powerful Vocabulary Instruction, provide Brief Word Explanations, or guide students to Infer Meanings using context and morphology

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Reading comprehension skills | Reading comprehension strategies | Free English lessons online

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The knowledge of a word not only implies a definition, but also implies how that word fits into the world.

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The act of seeing a word and recognizing its pronunciation immediately and without any conscious effort.

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The ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit.

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Alphabet Automaticity | Upper and Lower Case | 2 Seconds | Jack Hartmann

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The C-I model proposes that successful reading comprehension requires the reader to construct a mental representation of a text

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What is Listening? | Part 3 | Construction and Integration

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The basic vocabulary of a language is the core of its lexicon. It comprises those words that are most useful for the speaker and hearer

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Words that you already know.

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Context clues are hints found within a sentence, paragraph, or passage that a reader can use to understand the meanings of new or unfamiliar words.

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Context Clues | English For Kids | Mind Blooming

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A book that you use to see the meaning of a word, how it is used, and how it is spelled.

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Word consciousness involves being aware and interested in words and word meanings and noticing when and how new words are used

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Context clues are hints about a word's meaning found nearby. You might look for context clues in the same sentence, or in the sentences before and after it.

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Context Clues | Award Winning Context Clues Teaching Video | Comprehension & Reading Strategies

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An assignment to see how good your vocabulary knowledge is.

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Conceptual knowledge refers to the knowledge of, or understanding of concepts, principles, theories, models, classifications, etc.

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Topical knowledge denotes users' prior knowledge in engaging with the subject matter or topic, such as in reading, discussing, or searching for the topic

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Genre knowledge is the ability to classify types of writing. These classifications can be based on the type of book, the style of writing, or even the location in which the piece of writing is found.

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OSU School of Writing, Literature and Film

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"What is a Genre?": A Literary Guide for English Students and Teachers

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Text structures refer to the way authors organize information in text.

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Reading Comprehension Strategies - Analyzing Text Structures

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Basal stems from the word "base" or "basic." Commonly called "reading books" or "readers," basal readers are short stories, including individual books for learners, a teacher's edition, workbooks, assessments and activities for a specific reading level

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Guided Reading is a research-based instructional approach in which a teacher works with a small group of students who are reading at similar levels at a particular point in time

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What Is Guided Reading? | Reading Lessons

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It is a set of organized learning experiences such as programs, courses, and other school-sponsored activities that provide students with exposure to a broad, predominant content theme.

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Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows

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Reading comprehension skills | Reading comprehension strategies | Free English lessons online

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Children go through four distinct stages of reading development: emergent reading, early reading, transitional reading, and fluent reading.

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Acceptable levels of accuracy in reading should range from 95% to 98%. Reading rate incorporates correct words per minute, but not at a maximum rate. This is a common misunderstanding about fluency. Fluent readers do not read as fast as they can.

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Center for Teaching and Learning Mathematics

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Automaticity is the ability to do things without occupying the mind with the low-level details required, allowing it to become an automatic response pattern or habit.

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Prosodic reading, or reading with expression, is widely considered to be one of the hallmarks of the achievement of reading fluency.

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Independent reading is children's reading of text — such as books, magazines, and newspapers — on their own, with minimal to no assistance from adults

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Setting up Your Independent Reading Routines

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If you establish a classroom culture where books and independent reading are a priority, engaged reading will follow. Here's what you need to consider as you establish routines in your classroom.

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Repeated Reading is a particular method proposed by S. Jay Samuels to develop decoding automaticity with struggling readers.

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In assisted reading, a developing reader listens to a text read to them in a fluent manner while simultaneously reading the same themselves. In repeated reading, students read texts multiple times until they achieve sufficient fluency with the text.

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The Neurological Impress Method involves the teacher and the student reading aloud simultaneously from the same book

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Audio-assisted reading is an individual or group reading activity where students read along in their books as they hear a fluent reader read the book on an audio recording

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Flow Reading Fluency: Video Assisted Reading Passages

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Choral reading is reading aloud in unison with a whole class or group of students.