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A national organization was created to protect farmers from middlemen, trusts and railroads. They were successful in passing laws limiting railroads' ability to give high charges.

Economy: It protected farmers from economic practices such as giving favorable rates to some customers.

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An act that gave any family 160 acres of land if they had settled for 5 years and farmed successfully
Migration and Settlement: This was vital to the migration of people to the new states and caused an increase in immigration. The promise of free land and the improved transportation made this act very accesible and as a result around 500,000 families took advantage of the Homestead Act. This however came with many issues such as the weather in the new territroy being mostly dry plains of land. Their was scarce water and lacked vital resources to build homes along with tensions with settled indians.

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The north moved federal officials out of the southern states, signalling the end of reconstruction.
Contributes to the expansion of black codes and Jim Crow laws.
Society and culture: Former slaves continued to have restrictions after reconstruction ends.

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A strike that resulted from railroad companies cutting wages to reduce the expenses that resulted in employees leading a strike on Baltimore and Ohio Railroads.
Work and Economy; This proved to be a nationwide issue spreading over 11 states causing 2/3 of rail trackage to be shut down. Not only was this affecting railroads but many other industries that relied on the transportation of good through the railroads. This was one of the worst outbreaks of labor violence that even President Rutherford B. Hayes had to send federal troops to end the strike. This is significant because it demonstrated that although this new time period brought upon many new job opportunities the poor where still taken advantage of and received very little wages. This strike inspired the creation of many labor unions to improve the working conditions and wages of the employees.

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Creation of the American Federation of Labor (1866)

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Creation of the American Federation of Labor (1866)

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In 1866, the American Federation of Labor, a skilled workers union was created. This union became important because it succeeded in shortening work hours.
American and National Identity - The American Federation of labor allowed its members to share a common identity as a union while giving individual union groups more freedom than seen in the knights of labor - the union was successful in establishing shorter work hours.

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An act that prohibited the immigration of Chinese people to the Americas.
America and the World: This was a reaction to an influx of immigration going to the far American West in search of gold during the gold rush.

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Movement into cities, crowded and dense areas
Settlement and Migration:
Countries population doubled from 1860-1900. Immigrants migrated to cities due to the cheaper cost and as a result the population of cities vastly increased.
This was a result of the rise of big businesses and the change in the U.S. economy to capitalistic beliefs. Due to the creation of factories, there was an increase in job opportunities.

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A large quantity of gold was discovered in california in 1848. This is important because it caused the gold rush where people left their homes in an attempt to become rich by finding gold.
Settlement and Migration: The gold rush led to the immigration of people from Europe and Asia to the American far west in search of gold. This also led to the Chinese exclusion act.

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New York Central Railroad Created (1867)

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New York Central Railroad Created (1867)

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In 1867, the New York central railroad was created that connects to New York City to Chicago Illinois.

Economy: This railroad allowed for the transport of market goods from the industrialized north to the Midwest.

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Politics and Power: The Election of 1896 was a huge turning point in american politics because it marked the end of the stalemate of the Glided Age, ended the Populists party and was the era where the Republican dominated the presidency and both houses of Congress. In the election William jennings Bryan represented the Democrats and presented the idea of the 'cross of gold" incorporating religion into his political beliefs. On the other hand McKinley ran for the Republicans with the beliefs of high tariffs to protect industries. At the end McKinley came on top and the ideas of urban dominance and the beginning of modern politics arose. This was vital to the time period because after the struggles following the panic of 1893 and depression politics the use of a strong government to make choices was necessary to bring back the economy.

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A period of depression politics as a result from the stock market crashing as a result of the bankrupt of railroads. Although the industrial revolution proved to be very beneficial to the economy its rapid technological advancements and creation of new transportation such as vehicles made the use of railroads not as important. The Panic of 1893 was financial panic that resulted in the closing of banks, closing of many businesses and manufacturers because they had no cash money to pay workers or buy materials. As a result almost 20% of the Americans became unemployed and suffered severe poverty being unable to purchase basic necessities.

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Era following the Reconstruction and Industrial Revolution. Period where corruption existed in society by was coated by the wealth that resulted from the period as a result of the new industries.
Politics and Power: The Gilded Age was also a very political period in a time of stalemate. The belief of a limited government arose once again and the ideas of social darwinism and laissez faire economics favored limiting the government role in the economy. Corruption as a result of unfair business practices were commonly seen through trusts, monopolies, cartels, stock speculation/manipulation etc. This was important because although it seemed like this period was a period of wealth it was evident that only a small percentage of the people in the U.S had control of that wealth.

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1844-1900
The time period when technological innovations and advancements allowed for communication from a larger range of distance between people
Work, Exchange and Technology:

Samuel F.B Morse invented the telegraph in 1844

Cyrus W.Field improved the transatlantic cable in 1866

Both these advancements and creations not only helped communication within the nation but also abroad. By 1900, cables linked all the continents of the work electronically allowing for global communication. The internationalized markets and prices benefited from the situation because traveling to receive a message was no longer necessary. Following these innovations came many more technological advancements such as the typewriter, telephone, calculator, light bulb, etc.

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Part of the American Indians Wars where their was lots of dispute between americans and Indians when americans began settling west.
Settlement and Migration: The 1866 Sioux War was a battle where the Sioux warriors defeated the army column under Captain William Fetterman. As a result the government took action and created treaties that places Indians on smaller reservations of land. The treaties where never an agreement of the whole tribe therefore many young warriors attempted to return to their ancestral land. This was important to the time period because as the Industrial Revolution expanded the creation of railroads and transportation across the whole continent is what inspired many Americans to settle westward and therefore leaving the Indians no where to go and as a result they had to adapt within the Americans and their way of life.

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1865 was the start of the Industrial revolution, where the introduction of British technology sparked a period of innovation where the populations changed to mostly factory workers.

American Identity: The American population changed from mostly cottage workers to specialized factory workers.