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The Beginning of Women's Movements (1850-1900)

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The Beginning of Women's Movements (1850-1900)

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In the late 1800s, women began organizing for equality and education. Early feminists challenged laws and traditions that limited women’s independence.

Key Events:

1848: Seneca Falls Convention inspires European activists.

1869: John Stuart Mill publishes “The Subjection of Women” – a major philosophical defense of equality.

1882: Married Women’s Property Act (UK) gives women property rights.

1893–1900: Women’s suffrage groups spread across Europe.

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early suffrage marches, john stuart mill portrait and old posters about womens education

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The Fight for the Vote and Participation (1900-1945)

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The Fight for the Vote and Participation (1900-1945)

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The early 20th century was a turning point as women moved from protest to political power. The world wars showed that women were essential to national strength.

Women across Europe fought for voting rights and a role in public life, especially during and after WWI.

Key Events:

1906: Finland becomes first in Europe to give women full voting rights.

1918–1920: Women gain suffrage in UK, Germany, Austria, Poland, Sweden.

1930: Growth in women’s education and employment.

1945: WWII strengthens women’s demand for equality.

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women voting for the first time , posters of women in wartime factories, photos of suffrage parades

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1945–1970 – Institutional and Legal Recognition

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1945–1970 – Institutional and Legal Recognition

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Women’s rights became part of international law. Feminists demanded not only the vote but also equal pay, education, and reproductive rights.

After WWII, equality entered law and policy, supported by the UN and the creation of the European Community.

Key Events:

1948: Universal Declaration of Human Rights guarantees equality.

1957: Treaty of Rome introduces equal pay principles in Europe.

1960s: Second-wave feminism demands social, political, and workplace equality.

1968: Student and feminist movements across France, Germany, Italy.

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  UN Declaration document  1960s feminist protest posters  Photos from 1968 demonstrations

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The Radical Media Archive (@radicalmediaarchive) • Instagram photos and videos

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radicalmediaarchive on July 29, 2025: “From our exhibition: SISTERHOOD IN PRINT. In the late 1960s, feminists began organizing and writing to challenge the system, creating their own media, narratives, and rituals of revolt: Publications made by and for women, breaking from the patriarchal gaze of mainstream outlets. Our favorite examples rejected traditional editorial hierarchies, embodying women’s liberation values through collective, horizontal structures.
LE TORCHON BRÛLE was a French feminist paper published by the Mouvement de Libération des Femmes (MLF) from 1971 to 1973. Distributed in the streets and on newsstands, it sold tens of thousands of copies. It offered a space for collective, often anonymous expression, with activists experimenting with freeform writing rooted in lived experience: childbirth, contraception, sexuality, violence, and motherhood. Its 6 issues, direct and often furious in tone, created a lasting blueprint for feminist media.
SHREW (1969–1978) was the publication of the London Women’s Liberation Workshop. Each issue was edited by a different group, ensuring a diversity of perspectives. It championed radical feminism grounded in critiques of capitalism, racism, and imperialism through manifestos, poetry, and personal narratives. Language as a tool for transformation and solidarity among women.
WOMEN: A JOURNAL OF LIBERATION (1969–1977), published in Baltimore, was founded by 2nd-wave feminists as an independent platform for gender, race, class, and politics. Offering an intersectional perspective long before the term was widely known, it mixed activist essays, theory, testimony, poetry, and art. It helped shape feminist publishing in the US, and its legacy continues to resonate in today’s movements. The Radical Media Archive exhibition is on the lower floor of @wordssoundscolorsandshapes, 1 rue Eugene Spuller 75003
An exhibition by @ramdanetouhami & @emileshahidi with @thomasleprovost, designed at @artrechercheindustrie. With research by @ismatalmatamar. #RadicalMediaArchive #AlternativePress #UndergroundPress #Feminism #LeTorchonBrule #Shrew #WomensLiberationWorkshop #MouvementdeLiberationdesFemmes #MLF #FeministPress #PressFeministe #Exposition #Exhibition”.

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Activism transformed into legal reforms. Governments began enforcing equality laws and tackling discrimination at work and home.

Feminist activism turned into national and EU policies for equality in work, family, and politics.

Key Events:

1975: UN International Women’s Year → Equal Pay and Anti-Discrimination laws.

1980s: Women’s ministries and equality commissions created (Sweden, UK, France).

1984: UK Equal Pay Act fully enforced.

Late 1980s: Gender violence recognized as a political issue.

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Protest posters “Equal Pay for Equal Work”  Women in parliaments or workplaces  Newspaper headlines about gender laws

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1990–2020 – Modern Equality and Ongoing Challenges

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1990–2020 – Modern Equality and Ongoing Challenges

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By the 21st century, gender equality was part of Europe’s identity. Yet, the fight continues — for equal pay, representation, and safety for all women.

Europe achieved legal equality but continued to face issues like wage gaps, representation, and harassment.

Key Events:

1995: Beijing Conference inspires new EU gender policies.

2000: EU Charter of Fundamental Rights guarantees gender equality.

2010s: #MeToo movement exposes workplace abuse.

2020: EU launches Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025.

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#MeToo campaign posters  European Parliament gender equality session  EU Gender Equality Strategy cover

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Over 170 years, women in Europe moved from being denied basic rights to shaping laws and governments.

The progress is historic — but equality still requires attention, activism, and awareness.

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women fighting for equality since 170 years