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Early humans created permanent visual records like cave paintings, suggesting how societies integrated images into teaching and storytelling which shapes how curriculum is delivered today.

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5th Century CE- Chinese Landscape Paintings

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5th Century CE- Chinese Landscape Paintings

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Traditional Chinese landscape paintings embody rich cultural connotations and a deep appreciation for the aesthetics of nature, showing how visual art was historically used as a pedagogical and moral tool.

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Invented by Louis Daguerre and announced to the public in 1839, the daguerreotype marked the birth of photography, forever transforming how knowledge and reality was transmitted and documented.

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“The Pencil of Nature” by William Henry Fox Talbot was one of the first commercial books illustrated with photographs, demonstrating the potential of photography to communicate knowledge visually and within a curricular context.

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1848- The Langenheim brothers in Philadelphia introduce the first photographic lantern slide

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1848- The Langenheim brothers in Philadelphia introduce the first photographic lantern slide

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Prominent during the progressive era in education, the lantern slide projector enabled students to simultaneously view the projected images while the teacher lectured on the material, providing for more beneficial visual-based learning.

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1920s - 1950s- The Visual Education Movement

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1920s - 1950s- The Visual Education Movement

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Promoted by the National Education Association, the Visual Education Movement (VEM) saw the emergence of visual technology such as motion pictures, stereopticons and slides in the classroom, indicating a shift towards a new pedagogical approach.

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Photographers like Dorothea Lange captured the struggles of the Great Depression, informing our current understanding of historical events and serving as primary sources in social studies curricula.

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1949- Polaroid Instant Camera First Introduced

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1949- Polaroid Instant Camera First Introduced

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Edwin Land introduces the first instant camera, the Polaroid Land Camera Model 95, which produces prints in approximately 60 seconds.

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1950s - 1960s- Black Civil Rights Movement 

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1950s - 1960s- Black Civil Rights Movement 

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Photographers, like Gordon Parks, documented the Civil Rights movement, bringing issues of racial injustice and inequality to public consciousness and educational discourse.

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Second-wave feminists utilized photography as both an artistic and political tool to challenge traditional representations, later influencing curricular debates about whose perspectives and images should be included in art education.

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1970s - 1980s- Integration of Polaroid Cameras into the Classroom

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1970s - 1980s- Integration of Polaroid Cameras into the Classroom

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During this time, Polaroid instant cameras were employed in classroom settings as tools for visual storytelling, sequential reasoning, and accommodating diverse or differently abled learners – marking early use of photography in curriculum beyond simple documentation.

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1986: The Polaroid Education Program (PEP) Launches

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1986: The Polaroid Education Program (PEP) Launches

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The Polaroid Education Program provides educators with tools and resources to help incorporate visual learning into the learning process, the program has reached more than 500,000 teachers nationwide.

Citation: Schaefer, J. (1990). Polaroid Education Program: A Teacher’s Guide ... Teachers Helping Teachers. Polaroid Corporation.

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Apple introduced the first iPhone in 2007, the camera feature surpassed other phones of its time, allowing anyone to participate in image-making and documentation with ease.

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2013: The INSTAX Mini 90 “Neo Classic” Released

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2013: The INSTAX Mini 90 “Neo Classic” Released

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By reintroducing analog instant photography to a digital generation, the Mini 90 invited more intentional modes of seeing and learning.

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Visual-based social media such as Twitter and Instagram can serve as platforms for grassroots social movements, political organizing and education, shaping the way we disseminate information and coordinate collective action in the 21st century.

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2010s to 2020s: Visual Omission and Biases in Textbooks

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2010s to 2020s: Visual Omission and Biases in Textbooks

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Textbooks do more than teach—they show certain narratives (and omit others), using selective visuals to determine which groups have a voice and what events have a place in history.

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AI allows users to generate images from text descriptions; opening up new possibilities for creating visual aids, lesson materials, and interactive learning experiences.