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Invention of the First Wheel Time: c. 3500 BC

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Invention of the First Wheel Time: c. 3500 BC

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Impacted Areas:

Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq)

Ancient Civilizations of the Near East

What Happened: The invention of the wheel revolutionized transport and machinery, making it possible to move goods and people more efficiently

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Invention of the First Wheel Time: c. 3500 BC

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The Agricultural Revolution 18th century 

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The Agricultural Revolution 18th century 

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These workers would provide the labor for new industries during the Industrial Revolution. The Agricultural Revolution began in Great Britain around the turn of the 18th century.

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The Neolithic Revolution started around 10,000 B.C. in the Fertile Crescent, a boomerang-shaped region of the Middle East where humans first took up farming. Shortly after, Stone Age humans in other parts of the world also began to practice agriculture.Jan 12, 2018

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By 1440 Gutenberg had established the basics of his printing press including the use of a mobile, reusable set of type, and within ten years he had constructed a working prototype of the press. In 1454 Gutenberg put his press to commercial use, producing thousands of indulgences for the Church.

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What Happened: Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses critiqued the Catholic Church, sparking a religious movement that led to the creation of Protestant churches. The Reformation challenged the power of the Catholic Church and its influence over religious and political life.

Impacted Areas:

Germany (Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses)

Europe (especially Northern Europe)

Roman Catholic Church

Worldwide (later)

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What Happened: The Catholic Church convened the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic doctrines, reformed internal church practices, and sought to halt the spread of Protestantism. Impacted Areas:

Italy (Trento, the location of the council)

Europe (especially Catholic regions)

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas  1492 

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Columbus “discovers” the Americas  1492 

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Columbus left Castile in August 1492 with three ships and made landfall in the Americas on 12 October, ending the period of human habitation in the Americas now referred to as the pre-Columbian era

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Gunpowder is one of the Four Great Inventions of China. Originally developed by Taoists for medicinal purposes, it was first used for warfare around

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What Happened: Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that quickly removed seeds from cotton fibers. This made cotton processing much more efficient and boosted cotton production. Impacted Areas:

United States (particularly the Southern states)

Global (because of the impact on the cotton trade)

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The Estates-General met at Versailles on May 5, 1789. They were immediately divided over a fundamental issue: should they vote by head, giving the advantage to the Third Estate, or by estate, in which case the two privileged orders of the realm might outvote the third?

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The events of that day have been popularized by succeeding generations as the "shot heard round the world." Often referred to as the "Battles of Lexington, and Concord," the fighting on April 19, 1775

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Beginning in Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution spread to continental Europe and the United States, from around 1760 to about 1820–1840.

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a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be transformed by a connecting rod and crank into rotational force for work.

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Internal combustion engine invented 1860 

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Internal combustion engine invented 1860 

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Belgian Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir produced a gas-fired internal combustion engine.

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Internal combustion engine invented 1860

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) 1884

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun) 1884

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Maxim machine gun, first fully automatic machine gun (q.v.), developed by engineer and inventor Hiram Maxim in about 1884, while he was residing in England. It was manufactured by Vickers

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Invention of the Machine gun (The Maxim Gun)

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The First Airplane Was Invented (Wright Brothers)1903

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The First Airplane Was Invented (Wright Brothers)1903

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What Happened: The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright, made the first successful powered flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Impacted Areas:

United States (Kitty Hawk, North Carolina)

Global (eventually, all countries with aviation systems)

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The First Airplane Was Invented (Wright Brothers)

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The February Revolution (known as such because of Russia's use of the Julian calendar until February 1918) began on March 8, 1917 (February 23 on the Julian calendar)

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a group of revolutionaries in southern China led a successful revolt against the Qing Dynasty, establishing in its place the Republic of China and ending the imperial system.

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Sensing an opportunity, the slaves of northern St. Domingue organized and planned a massive rebellion which began on August 22, 1791. When news of the slave revolt broke out, American leaders rushed to provide support for the whites of St. Domingue.

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The Cuban Revolution (Spanish: Revolución cubana) was the military and political overthrow of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship, which had reigned as the government of Cuba

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What Happened: The Battle of the Somme was one of the largest battles of World War I, primarily between the British and French forces against Germany. The battle resulted in over a million casualties and is remembered for its brutal trench warfare.Impacted Areas:

France (Somme region)

United Kingdom

Germany

Worldwide (as part of WWI)

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 Atomic Bomb Is Dropped on Nagasaki 1945

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 Atomic Bomb Is Dropped on Nagasaki 1945

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What Happened: The U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Nagasaki (following the bombing of Hiroshima three days earlier), contributing to Japan’s surrender in World War II. Japan (Nagasaki)

Global (especially in terms of warfare and geopolitics)

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon July 20, 1969 

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon July 20, 1969 

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Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface

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Neil Armstrong steps onto the surface of the moon

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Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite, the first fully synthetic plastic,

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was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields. These changes in agriculture began in developed countries

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with the Internet and after with mobile devices, social networking, big data, and computing clouds, revolutionized work practices in healthcare. Patients became more autonomous, confident, and they can do this without having any formal education, training, or support.

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What Happened: Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web, a system for sharing and accessing information over the internet using hypertext. Impacted Areas:

Global (initially in Europe, then worldwide)

Cities and regions connected through the Internet.

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What Happened: Facebook was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and his colleagues at Harvard as a social networking platform, initially for university students before expanding globally.Global (especially in countries with widespread internet access)

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) 

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising) 

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The uprising aimed to establish an Islamic republic in Syria by overthrowing the Ba'athist government, in what has been described by Ba'ath Party as a "long campaign of terror".

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The Syrian Civil War begins (1980s Islamist Uprising)

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What Happened: Cambridge Analytica, a data analytics company, went bankrupt after being embroiled in a scandal where it harvested data from millions of Facebook users without their consent to influence political campaigns.Impacted Areas:

United States

United Kingdom

Global (due to social media’s international reach)

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