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"The Nationality Act of 1906 required immigrants to speak English in order to become naturalized Americans" (Baker, p.183, 2021) This act was important because it represents a shift in America from valuing labor to valuing education. Although, I don't believe each immigrant should be forced to learn English, this act was the beginning of putting an emphasis on language education.

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In 1923, the Supreme Court declared that a state law in Nebraska prohibiting foreign language classes to students in private classes was unconstitutional. I believe this case is important because it shows that the government does not yet support bilingual education, but believes that it is a right of the American people.

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In response to the Cold War, in 1958 the US passed the National Defense Education Act. This act promoted foreign language learning in elementary, secondary and university levels. I believe this act is important because it is the first time that the United States government is clearly stating that learning another language is beneficial.

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In 1994, this act reenacted the ESEA and the Title VII Bilingual Education act. It stated that "full bilingual proficiency is recognized as a lawful educational goal" I believe this act is important because it funded dual language programs, and supported Native American languages.

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Re-authorization of the Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act

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Re-authorization of the Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act

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In 2019, the grant from 2006 was reauthorized. This provides federal funding to empower Native communities to create immersion programs and revitalize languages. I believe this grant is important because it is a somewhat recent representation of the federal governments' support for bilingual education.