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The unification of Mexico happened when people wanted to be free from Spanish rule in the early 1800s. Leaders like Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos helped rally people to fight for independence. This fight, called the War of Independence, lasted from 1810 to 1821 and ended with Mexico becoming its own country. After gaining independence, Mexico had trouble figuring out how to come together as a nation. Over time, different leaders and groups worked to create a stronger, united Mexico.

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Mexican War of Independence | 3 Minute History

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The unification of Italy, called the Risorgimento, happened in the 19th century when different states wanted to join together. Important leaders like Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo di Cavour helped make this happen. They fought wars and made deals, especially against Austria, which controlled some parts of Italy. By 1861, most of Italy was united under King Victor Emmanuel II. The last part of Italy came together in 1870 when they took control of Rome, completing the unification.

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Brazil became independent from Portugal in 1822, thanks to Dom Pedro I, who declared the country's freedom. He became Brazil's first emperor and helped unite the people. Even though there were some fights and problems, Brazil managed to create a strong government. This unification helped Brazil grow as a country. It laid the foundation for its future.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Agustín de Iturbide (born September 27, 1783, Valladolid, Viceroyalty of New Spain [now Morelia, Mexico]—died July 19, 1824, Padilla, Mexico) was a Mexican caudillo (military chieftain) who became the leader of the conservative factions in the Mexican independence movement and, as Agustín I, briefly emperor of Mexico.

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Victor Emmanuel II (born March 14, 1820, Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Sardinia—died January 9, 1878, Rome, Italy) was the king of Sardinia–Piedmont who became the first king of a united Italy.

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Pedro I (born Oct. 12, 1798, Lisbon, Port.—died Sept. 24, 1834, Lisbon) was the founder of the Brazilian empire and first emperor of Brazil, from Dec. 1, 1822, to April 7, 1831, also reckoned as King Pedro (Peter) IV of Portugal.