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When Napoleon invaded Italy, he split it into two parts. Many countries around Italy were revolting for independence against Austria ho had the most dominance, and Italy and the Young Italians created by Giuseppe started the first war for Italy's Unification. They lost the first war, but the king of Sardana decided to help Italy, and sent armies to weaken the Austrian and Russian armies. The unification was won when the second war for independence fought by the redshirts defeated Austria. Italy still had to fight Germany and fellow European shirts for more territory, and they acquired Rome and gained unification.

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Argentinian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Argentina Painting of Realism

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The Argentina Independence movement started in 1806 when the British attacked their capital. Napoleon had overthrown King Ferdinand of Spain, and this was causing a civil war. The British and fellows who were for the exiled king, and Napoleons followers. Under Spanish law, the dominions in America were to govern themselves until a new king was restored, but because King Ferdinand was powerless, men from Argentina and those of the royalty met at Tucuman to discuss Argentina's independence. It became known as Rio de la Plata on July 9th, 1816. It took many years for the Spanish royalist to be defeated, but were liberated by Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin.

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© Valery Shanin/Dreamstime.com

July 9, 2016, marks the 200th anniversary of Argentina's declaration of independence from Spain. The Argentine independence movement began in 1806, when British attacks on Buenos Aires were repelled by local militia with little help from Spain. Also important were the ramifications of Napoleon I's intervention in Spain, beginning in 1808. Napoleon's overthrow of Ferdinand VII plunged Spain into a civil war between two rival governments-one set up by Napoleon and the other created by patriotic juntas in the name of the exiled king and aided by the British. Under ancient principles of Spanish law, the king's dominions in America had the right to govern themselves until the restoration of a lawful king, and on May 25, 1810 (now celebrated as the day of the revolution), Buenos Aires established an autonomous viceroyalty in the name of Ferdinand, pending his restoration. However, when it became apparent that Ferdinand was virtually powerless following his restoration in 1814, an assembly of the members of the viceroyalty met at a home in San Miguel de Tucumán to discuss the situation. On July 9, 1816, they declared the country independent under the name of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata.

Several years of hard fighting followed before the Spanish royalists were defeated in northern Argentina. They remained a threat from their base in Peru until it was liberated by José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar in 1820-24. The Buenos Aires government tried to maintain the integrity of the old Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, but the outlying portions, never effectively controlled, soon were lost: Paraguay in 1814, Bolivia in 1825, and Uruguay in 1828.

Today, Nueve de Julio is a federal holiday in Argentina, celebrated with fireworks, parades, speeches, and military demonstrations. Locro, a traditional stew, and empanadas are commonly eaten during the festivities, and the holiday is a time to gather with family and friends to celebrate. ¡Feliz Día de la Independencia!

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Argentina Celebrates 200 Years of Independence

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July 9, 2016, marks the bicentennial of Argentina's declaration of independence from Spain.

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King John returned to rule Portugal after the British there had been removed, and he left his son Prince Pedro to rule Brazil. Pedro was given order to return to Portugal and rule under the constitution, but was convinced to continue as Brazilian ruler. random guy attempted mutiny with his large control of the armies, but was deported back to Portugal. Pedro attempted to please most of the liberals in Brazil, but after he heard the Cortes were to remove his power, he officially decided to declare independence for Brazil. Some in the North still were loyal to Portugal however, and sent men to attack Brazil. They fought heavily, but with the help of Corcoran, their main leader, Portugal surrendered.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Jose Joaquim da Xavier instigated the first rebellion against the Portuguese in 1789, and was a national hero toward the Brazilian people after executed. After the Portuguese inserted themselves into Brazil when Napoleon invaded Portugal, Dom Joao, the Portuguese Prince, decided he would decree many reforms for Brazil after being warmly welcomed. He made it the mothership of his government, and repealed Brazilian manufacturing laws. He helped create many independent buildings for Brazil, but after he had decided to sail for Lisbon, the Portuguese and Brazilians were gaining conflict. He returned to Brazil, announced he was staying, and created a ministry to invoke ideas of independence. He then decided in a legislative court to proclaim independence of Brazil, and was crowned emperor a few days after.

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just hollow words. Painting by Paolo Pagani | Saatchi Art

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Saatchi Art is pleased to offer the painting, “just hollow words.,” by Paolo Pagani, available for purchase at $1,030 USD. Original Painting: Oil on Canvas. Size is 15.7 H x 11.8 W x 0.8 in.

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Napoleon led his army straight to Italy with plans of invasion, but after the Italians and their key leader Giuseppe Garibaldi, they used heavy guerrilla warfare tactics that helped defeat the French army in 1815. Austria had still held dominance over Italy, but after Giuseppe's group called Young Italy, he convinced others to feel the nationalism for their own country. Some were not fond of this like the Neo-Guelfs who wanted rule under the house of Savoy. Because the liberalist revolutions failed later on, Piedmont, another key leader, helped the Italians defeat the Austrians. This war helped end the conflicts of the countries, and marked the unification of Italy 1871 with Venetta and papal Rome.

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Risorgimento, (Italian: "Rising Again"), 19th-century movement for Italian unification that culminated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people, and it led to a series of political events that freed the Italian states from foreign domination and united them politically. Although the Risorgimento has attained the status of a national myth, its essential meaning remains a controversial question. The classic interpretation (expressed in the writings of the philosopher Benedetto Croce) sees the Risorgimento as the triumph of liberalism, but more recent views criticize it as an aristocratic and bourgeois revolution that failed to include the masses.

The main impetus to the Risorgimento came from reforms introduced by the French when they dominated Italy during the period of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars (1796-1815). A number of Italian states were briefly consolidated, first as republics and then as satellite states of the French empire, and, even more importantly, the Italian middle class grew in numbers and was allowed to participate in government.

After Napoleon's defeat in 1815, the Italian states were restored to their former rulers. Under the domination of Austria, these states took on a conservative character. Secret societies such as the Carbonari opposed this development in the 1820s and '30s. The first avowedly republican and national group was Young Italy, founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in 1831. This society, which represented the democratic aspect of the Risorgimento, hoped to educate the Italian people to a sense of their nationhood and to encourage the masses to rise against the existing reactionary regimes. Other groups, such as the Neo-Guelfs, envisioned an Italian confederation headed by the pope; still others favoured unification under the house of Savoy, monarchs of the liberal northern Italian state of Piedmont-Sardinia.

After the failure of liberal and republican revolutions in 1848, leadership passed to Piedmont. With French help, the Piedmontese defeated the Austrians in 1859 and united most of Italy under their rule by 1861. The annexation of Venetia in 1866 and papal Rome in 1870 marked the final unification of Italy and hence the end of the Risorgimento.

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Risorgimento | Italian Unification, Nationalism & Revolution

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Risorgimento, (Italian: "Rising Again"), 19th-century movement for Italian unification that culminated in the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The Risorgimento was an ideological and literary movement that helped to arouse the national consciousness of the Italian people, and it led