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The Federalist Party's influence dramatically declined after the War of 1812, with the Hartford Convention damaging its reputation. James Monroe, a Democratic-Republican, won the presidency in 1816, signaling the end of the Federalist Party as a national power. This ushered in a period of one-party rule, which helped define the "Era of Good Feelings."

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James Monroe’s “Era of Good Feelings” Presidency Begins (1817)

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James Monroe’s “Era of Good Feelings” Presidency Begins (1817)

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President James Monroe took office, embarking on a nationwide goodwill tour to foster unity. His presidency was marked by less partisan conflict and an emphasis on national harmony, leading historians to label this period the "Era of Good Feelings." Monroe’s popularity reflected a desire for a unified national identity.

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The Rush-Bagot Agreement was a diplomatic agreement between the U.S. and Britain that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes. This treaty aimed to ease tensions following the War of 1812 and marked a significant step toward peaceful relations and border security with Britain.

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Conflict erupted as General Andrew Jackson led U.S. troops into Spanish Florida to confront Seminole and escaped enslaved people who had taken refuge there. Jackson’s invasion went beyond his orders, eventually leading to the Spanish ceding Florida to the U.S.

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Economic Nationalism and the American System (1817-1824)

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Economic Nationalism and the American System (1817-1824)

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Congressman Henry Clay championed the American System, a plan to strengthen and unify the nation’s economy through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements like roads and canals. This economic nationalism aimed to make the U.S. less dependent on foreign goods and improve infrastructure.

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The first major economic crisis in the U.S. occurred due to overspeculation on Western lands and unstable banking practices. Many Americans lost their homes, banks failed, and the economy sank into a severe depression, especially hurting Southern and Western farmers.

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The U.S. and Spain signed the Adams-Onís Treaty, through which Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and Spanish territories. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams negotiated this treaty, securing U.S. territory in the South and clarifying borders.

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The Missouri Compromise, orchestrated by Henry Clay, allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining a balance of power. It also banned slavery north of the Louisiana Territory.

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President Monroe declared that European powers should no longer interfere in the Western Hemisphere, establishing a clear U.S. stance against European colonization and intervention in Latin America. This policy was rooted in a growing sense of American influence in the hemisphere.

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The Election and the “Corrupt Bargain” (1824)

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The Election and the “Corrupt Bargain” (1824)

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In a highly contested election, Andrew Jackson won the popular and electoral vote, but not by a majority. The House chose John Quincy Adams as president, allegedly due to a “corrupt bargain” with Henry Clay, whom Adams later appointed as Secretary of State.