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I want your Opinion ! Now it's your turn ! What qualities do you think  a President should have ?    (80 words)  Attention : Votre réponse devra contenir  SHOULD / SHOULDN'T / des ADJECTIFS travaillés dans la leçon / au moins 2 / 3 d'expressions d'opinion et une expression pour conclure vos propos .

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What do kids want in a president? | GreatSchools

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THE RACE FOR THE WHITE HOUSE

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THE RACE TO THE WHITE HOUSE : U. S ELECTIONS AND FAME

Who will be elected President of the United States ?

How do cellebrities shape American Politics ? What is the role and influence of Celebrity in the U.S Election Process ?

Axe 3 : Art and Power

The Race to the White House : What role does the Electoral College play in the U.S presidential election ? How does the Electoral College work ? Should the U.S. get rid of the Electoral College ?

Election project: Deliver a Speech to endorse a presidentiel candidate. ( Production orale en continu)

Watch the video and make a list of the qualities a president should have.

How to become President of the United States

1

Watch the video and take notes!

SHOULD pour nuancer son opinion

Complete the Worksheet online and post it!

How much do you remember?Test your knowledge on Quiziniere !

President

Requirements

Duties

The President is elected...

The President must...

The President ...

appoints the Supreme Court justices.

Click on the President's pin first!

check

Read Article II and learn about the Executve branch. Then type in the missing words to show what you remember!

President

Requirements

Duties

The President is elected...

The President must...

The President ...

appoints the Supreme Court justices.

Click on the President's pin first!

check

Read Article II and learn about the Executve branch. Then type in the missing words to show what you remember!

THE AMERICAN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

Watch the video and take notes about the U.S political parties

1

How do they stand on major issues ?

Why do you want to be president ?

If you are elected, what will you do ?

Meet the candidates

2

2

Note down key words only, no sentences!

Use your notes to recap the information about the U.S. general election process .

Watch the 2 videos and takes notes!

THE WAY TO THE WHITE HOUSE!

step 1 - watch video #1 & take notes

step 2 - watch video #2 & take notes

step 3 - complete the infographic

step 4 - Your MINI TASK

1

2

<a href="http://www.freepik.com">Designed by gstudioimagen / Freepik</a>

YOUR MINI TASK : In pairs, use what you have learnt to prepare a revision QUIZ on the Electoral College for your classmates. You may use applications like Kahoot or Gimkit. or Write a tweet about the role of the Electoral College in the U.S general election process. (280 signs maximum)

Watch the video and takes notes!

Watch the video as many times as you like. Take notes! Don't forget: note down key words only, no sentences. Then, click on the yellow button of the TV set.

must

Video 1: Which words / groups of words did you hear?

a candidate

mustn't

25 years old

35 years old

a voter

born US citizen

resident

CHECK

40 years

14 years

2

4

parties

groups

The Tories

the Republicans

The Democrats

win

party's selection

party's nomination

party groups

party members

vote

decide

party candidate

hold

each candidate

national meeting

national convention

select

their official nominee

each party

organize

choose

announce

choice

vice president

give

support from the general population

get

win

campaign

travel

ticket

candidate

538

voters

Election Day

the country

states

for Electors

for a candidate

528

choose

cast a vote

get

Each Elector

the Electoral College

candidate

make

Electors

people

form

vote

two

one

cast

win

nominee

receive

become president

270 or more votes

170 or more votes

the new president

is inaugurated

is sworn into office

on January 30th

on January 20th

on February 20th

Total

Tick the words youheard in the video. Then click on "check"

A message will appear. You'll see the numbers of correct and of wrong answers. Tip: 32 Red / 47 Green / 79 Total

Watch the video and takes notes!

Watch the video as many times as you like. Take notes! Don't forget: note down key words only, no sentences. Then, click on the yellow button of the TV set.

Video 2: What did you understand?

Total

CHECK

Tick the right box. Then click on "check"

A message will appear. You'll see the numbers of correct and of wrong answers. Tip: 14 Red / 14 Green / 28 Total

Read the articles about the two candidates again, focus on their ideas.Take notes.

Take a quiz about these two men.

Now fill in this passport

Check

Male or Female

Donald Trump is currently the 45th . He is married to and he has children.He is a . This political party's symbol is an .His running mate is .Now, in the answering fields, write either "right" or "wrong".1- He doesn't think racism is an issue in the USA and he has violently reacted to the "Black lives Matter" protests.2- He is not very focused on the economy.3- He has reduced taxes on companies.4- He wants to repeal the Affordable Care Act which give a kind of medical protection to all Americans.5- He has increased governmental funding of public schools. He doesn't want to encourage private schooling.6- He wants to restrict both legal and illegal immigration.7- He doesn't think Climate change is real.

VALIDER

Now fill in this passport

VALIDER

Male or Female

Donald Trump is currently an American . He was Barack Obama's . He is married to and he has children.He is a . This political party's symbol is a .His running mate is .Now, in the answering fields, write either "right" or "wrong".1- He thinks racism is a real problem in the USA needing urgent attention.2- He doesn't want to increase the minimum wage.3- He wants to tax wealthy Americans and corporations more.4- He wants to repeal the Affordable Care Act .5- He wants to create a National health care Plan for all Americans.6- He thinks Climate Change is a major issue and he wants to reduce Carbon emissions.7- He wants to increase the number of legal immigrants to the USA and he wants to help illegal immigrants already there get citizenship.

VALIDER

2020 Campaign Issues

3

Pandemic Response The coronavirus pandemic has been a devastating global health crisis. Midway through 2020, hundreds of thousands of people had died from the virus worldwide, and the U.S. continued to have more cases than any other nation. As Covid-19 infections continue to spread uncontrolled in states across the U.S., the pandemic response has become one of the most important issues in this year's presidential election. Voters want to know what candidates plan to do to finally end this health crisis-and prevent another one from happening in the future. Containing the Coronavirus The coronavirus has infected millions of people worldwide. About a quarter of all known infections and deaths have been in the U.S. Early in the U.S. outbreak, President Donald Trump restricted most travel from countries where the virus was spreading quickly. Since then, he has focused on the fast development of a vaccine for the virus. Overall, however, he has largely left it up to individual states to oversee their responses to the coronavirus. Many state leaders have requested assistance from the federal government. In some areas, medical workers have not had enough supplies to treat patients safely and hospitals have been overwhelmed with patients. Testing for the virus has been slow and inadequate, experts say. At the same time, in an effort to boost the struggling economy, many states that had been temporarily shut down have moved to reopen quickly, something the president has encouraged. Health experts have continued to caution that reopening too early could lead to new outbreaks. Indeed, many states that reopened businesses have seen a dangerous spike in cases. Some states have had to pause their reopening plans as cases mounted. Many health officials warn that without the development of a strong, coordinated federal plan to contain the coronavirus-as well as the development of a vaccine-the virus will continue to spread. They stress how important it is for people to wear face masks, wash their hands frequently, and practice social distancing. Meanwhile, Americans want to know what candidates will do to contain the virus once and for all-and safely reopen the economy. Preventing Future Pandemics Public health officials have concluded that the risk of a devastating pandemic has grown in recent decades, as the world has become increasingly connected. To prevent the next infectious-disease crisis, many experts say, the U.S. and other countries need to start treating pandemic preparedness with the same seriousness as threats such as war, which has historically not been the case. They say nations must better fund and equip their public health systems. Developing new vaccines should be a top priority. More medical staff need to be trained to combat pandemics. And supplies must be stockpiled so they don't run out in a crisis. It is also critical to develop and maintain systems worldwide that can rapidly detect and contain viruses, experts add. According to a recent survey by the Pew Research Center, nearly 80 percent of Americans say the spread of infectious disease is a major threat to the U.S. In the leadup to the upcoming election, they will likely want to hear how candidates will confront the problem. Words to Know: pandemic (noun) an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects many people in different areas or around the world economy (noun) a system for making, buying, selling, and distributing products and services within a country, region, or industry social distancing (noun) the practice of limiting physical contact with other people as much as possible

Racial Justice Racial injustice in America has become a major focus of this election as historic crises highlight just how widespread the problem is. Earlier this year, in response to the killing of multiple Black people by the police, mass demonstrations broke out across the country-and the world-with protesters calling for an end to the long history of racial bias and brutality against Black Americans by law enforcement. The ongoing demonstrations amount to the largest protest movement ever in American history. At the same time, the coronavirus pandemic has heavily underscored inequalities that persist between Black and white Americans. A recent CNN poll shows that a majority of Americans-67 percent-feel racism is a big problem in the U.S. In this election, candidates will be answering questions about how they plan to address racial injustice in America. Bias in Criminal Justice Racial injustice is a serious problem in our criminal justice system. Earlier this year, demonstrations objecting to injustice and violence against Black Americans by the police grew to a historic level. Protesters took to the streets in more than a hundred cities nationwide after George Floyd, a Black man in Minneapolis, Minnesota, died while in police custody. Floyd was handcuffed and pinned to the ground by a white officer who used his knee to press on Floyd's neck for more than eight minutes, killing him. Bystanders filmed the arrest on their phones and posted the footage on social media. Amid widespread fury over the killing of other Black Americans at the hands of police, the videos sparked outrage and protests worldwide in support of the Black Lives Matter movement. (The movement seeks to stop the violence inflicted on Black communities by law enforcement and others, as well as to end white supremacy.) Across the country, calls have sharply increased for officers everywhere to be held accountable for their actions and for an end to racial profiling (the discriminatory practice of targeting people as criminal suspects based on their race or ethnicity) and police brutality. Indeed, a large body of research suggests that racial bias has long played a role in policing across the nation. For example, government statistics show that Black people are more likely than white people to be the victims of force-or the threat of force-by the police. Data compiled by a group that tracks police killings nationwide show that Black Americans are three times as likely as white Americans to be killed by the police-even though Black people make up just 13 percent of the U.S. population. Other research has shown that African Americans are more likely than white Americans to be arrested, convicted, and given lengthy prison sentences for similar crimes. Since the protests began, some city, state, and federal officials have moved to enact laws and policies to reduce the use of force by officers and to make it easier to hold police accountable for illegal acts. There also are now widespread calls to cut police budgets and put the money toward government services such as education, health care, and housing-and to utilize social workers and other community outreach professionals with special training in resolving crises to address some calls that police now respond to. Addressing Economic Injustice Another form of racial injustice is wealth inequality. White families have an average of nearly ten times the overall wealth that Black families do. And more than twice as many African Americans live in poverty as whites. How did racial economic inequality become a problem? The driving force has been racism. Centuries of racist practices, laws, policies, and attitudes have prevented many Black people from gaining access to good schools and high-wage jobs and from owning homes-all of which allow people to build wealth and pass it down from generation to generation. In recent months, the coronavirus has brought the impact of economic racism into sharp focus. Data show that people of color are contracting and dying of the virus at the highest rates. One reason: Many Black and Latinx people are disproportionately represented in lower-paid jobs in the service sector, including food service and health care. Such jobs have been considered essential during the pandemic. That means the people who do them were told to continue working, even when most Americans were advised to stay home to avoid getting sick. Many such workers can't afford to lose their paychecks, so they've continued to do their jobs even though doing so puts their health at risk. High-wage workers, who are disproportionately white, are much more likely to be able to work from home, according to the Economic Policy Institute. Potential solutions to the problem of economic racism are wide-ranging. People are calling for the strengthening and better enforcement of civil rights laws. Many leaders also want to ensure that all Americans have access to good and affordable education opportunities, child care, health care, and housing-policies they say will help people of color the most. Words to Know: bias (noun) a personal opinion that influences someone's work, actions, or thoughts criminal justice system (noun) police, courts, and other groups that investigate crimes and work to arrest and punish criminals federal (adjective) relating to the national government civil rights (noun) guarantees of equal opportunities and protections under the law

Economy The coronavirus pandemic has devastated the U.S. economy. Last spring, most businesses nationwide temporarily closed to prevent the spread of the new virus. Tens of millions of people lost their jobs as a result. In an effort to boost the economy, many states that had been temporarily shut down have moved quickly to reopen, something President Donald Trump has encouraged. Health experts have continued to caution that reopening too early could lead to new outbreaks. Indeed, many states that reopened businesses have seen a dangerous spike in cases. Some states have had to pause their reopening plans as cases mounted. How to revive the nation's economy safely has become one of the biggest issues in this election. Though that is a central focus of millions of voters, many are also concerned with other economic issues, including who should pay the most taxes and growing economic inequality in the U.S. Rebuilding the Economy Before the pandemic, the U.S. economy was very strong. It had expanded for a record 10 years in a row. When an economy is growing, unemployment is low, workers are more productive, business profits rise, and people spend more money. Now the economy is in its worst downturn in roughly a century. The federal government has provided trillions of dollars in economic aid to Americans and businesses during the pandemic crisis. That aid has helped many families to afford food and rent and companies to stay in business. Still, many officials say much more assistance is needed. In early August, Congress was debating another aid package. Moreover, health experts and many elected officials say the U.S. government must implement a comprehensive national plan to contain the coronavirus in order for businesses to safely reopen and for the economy to begin to rebound. They are calling for much more widespread testing and contact tracing-finding the individual contacts of people who have become infected so those contacts can isolate themselves. Health experts also say additional protective equipment for medical workers and others is urgently needed. Even once most businesses have been allowed to resume normal operations, many experts expect the economy to rebound slowly. Some businesses won't reopen at all, and others will struggle to stay in business. State and local governments will face severe budget shortfalls. Many job losses will be permanent. Some leaders have proposed undertaking major infrastructure projects-improving America's transportation systems, for example-to create new jobs and strengthen the economy for the long term. Economic Inequality Economic inequality is a growing problem in the U.S. A big reason is income inequality. Over the past few decades, the incomes of America's highest earners have increased significantly. Meanwhile, wages for average workers haven't risen meaningfully. One much-discussed proposed solution to this is to increase the federal minimum wage, which has not gone up in more than 10 years. Currently, the federal minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. Some cities and states have higher minimums. Recently, there has been a campaign to increase the federal minimum wage to $15 per hour. A recent Pew Research Center poll showed that two-thirds of Americans are in favor of that. Taxes Taxes-and how much to cut or increase them-are often a big part of the discussion about strengthening the economy. Tax cuts are frequently proposed as a way to increase the amount of money people and businesses have to spend and invest. In 2017, President Trump signed into law a huge tax bill that cut taxes for most Americans as well as businesses. The law has been criticized for giving the largest share of the tax breaks to big corporations and people with high incomes. Meanwhile, tax increases on the wealthiest Americans and large corporations are also frequently proposed. People who favor this approach say that money from such increases could, for example, help pay for programs that would make education and health care more affordable or even free for many Americans. Critics of increasing taxes on the wealthy say such a plan would be hard to implement and wouldn't raise as much money as its supporters think. A Reuters/Ipsos poll from January shows that nearly two-thirds of Americans support taxing the richest Americans to fund public programs. Words to Know: economy (noun) a system for making, buying, selling, and distributing products and services within a country, region, or industry inequality (noun) an unfair situation in which some people have more than others taxes (noun) money paid to the government, usually based on income or purchases, that is mostly used to pay for public services federal (adjective) relating to the national government infrastructure (noun) public facilities such as roads and bridges minimum wage (noun) the lowest hourly rate an employer can legally pay most workers

Health Care The debate over health care is one of the most heated in American politics. The coronavirus pandemic has only increased the importance of the issue. Millions of people in the U.S. have been infected by the virus, hundreds of thousands have required hospitalization, and more than 150,000 have died. The crisis has highlighted the vital importance of access to affordable medical care. Even before the pandemic, health care was a major concern among voters. Tens of millions of Americans lack health insurance, which helps people pay their medical bills. And many people who do have it are worried about its rising cost. This fall, voters will be looking carefully at how candidates say they will help Americans afford medical care-for their own health and safety and for society's well-being. The State of U.S. Health Insurance Health insurance is how most Americans pay the bulk of their medical bills, which can be very costly. (For example, the average cost of a three-day hospital stay is about $30,000, according to the federal government.) About 55 percent of Americans get health insurance through their employers, U.S. Census data reveals. Most others (including older and low-income Americans) get insurance through government-run programs. Regardless, most Americans must pay for their insurance, which is sold by private companies. But for many Americans, health insurance is too expensive, so they go without it. If people who lack health insurance require medical treatment, they sometimes go into deep debt from medical bills. For that reason, uninsured people sometimes put off going to the doctor, even when not going threatens their own health-or the health of others. Getting medical treatment is essential to helping stop the spread of a communicable disease, like Covid-19. The last major change to the U.S. health care system happened a decade ago. At the time, about 50 million people in the U.S.-about 16 percent of the population-didn't have health insurance, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Getting insurance was not possible for many Americans because the prices were extremely high-unless they were offered a plan through an employer. Also, anyone with a known medical condition (such as diabetes or cancer) could be charged more for health insurance or denied coverage altogether. As a result of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), a federal law passed in 2010, the number of uninsured Americans dropped by about 40 percent. The ACA helped make private insurance more affordable for individuals and required insurance companies to cover people with pre-existing conditions-without charging them more. A 2020 Gallup poll shows that the ACA is supported by a slight majority of Americans-52 percent-but it has been criticized for being too costly for some people. Ideas to Improve Health Insurance Since the ACA was passed, Republicans in Congress have tried repeatedly to repeal all or part of it. Currently, President Donald Trump, along with several Republican-led states, is challenging the law in court. Republicans have said they want to replace the ACA with something better, but so far have not put forth a formal plan. Other lawmakers are focused on updating the ACA to improve it. One idea is to create a new health care plan that anyone could purchase, called a public option, which would be run by the government rather than by a private insurance company. Some leaders have also proposed expanding government-run programs to cover more people. Meanwhile, the most far-reaching proposal to fix the U.S. health care system, often called Medicare for All, would both replace the ACA and eliminate the private insurance industry entirely. Instead, the U.S. government would guarantee free or low-cost health care for all Americans and pay their medical bills, mostly with money from taxes. Some people believe Medicare for All would be too costly for the nation and too big a change to the American health care system. But others argue that health care is a basic human right that should be provided to all by the government. They sometimes point out that the U.S. is the only industrialized nation that doesn't offer some form of universal health care. Words to Know: federal (adjective) relating to the national government industrialized nation (noun) a country that has a highly developed economy and advanced technologies universal health care (noun) a system in which all residents of a nation have easy access to free or affordable health services

Climate Change Americans have become increasingly concerned about climate change. According to a 2020 survey by the Pew Research Center, 60 percent of Americans say climate change is a major threat to the country, up from 44 percent in 2009. Scientists worldwide warn that the effects of climate change present a clear danger to the planet. A 2018 United Nations (U.N.) report notes that many areas of the world are threatened by rising sea levels. If global temperatures continue to rise, scientists warn, the number of extreme weather events, such as droughts, wildfires, and heavy rainfall, will increase. Concerns over climate change have sparked protest movements worldwide, many led by young people. Students in the United States and elsewhere have taken part in school climate strikes and other demonstrations to show leaders how urgent they believe this problem is. Many voters want leaders to act to address climate change as the threats caused by it grow. Reducing Emissions Climate change is chiefly caused by the burning of fossil fuels-such as oil, coal, and natural gas-to power factories, homes, and cars. That releases carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. Such gases collect in the atmosphere, trapping the sun's heat close to Earth's surface. As a result, the planet's average temperature is increasing. The U.N. report warns that if Earth's temperature keeps rising, damage may be "irreversible." The world's countries must drastically lower the levels of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere, the report concludes. How? By sharply reducing the use of fossil fuels and switching to renewable resources such as wind and solar power. The goal, the U.N. says, must be to effectively bring carbon emissions down to zero by 2050. Some countries have pledged to do that. The U.S. has not. Last year, President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. out of a 2015 pact signed by more than 170 nations that aims, among other things, to effectively eliminate greenhouse gases by the second half of the century. Citing concerns about costs to businesses and consumers, he has also rolled back many regulations that limit the amount of greenhouse gases that industries, businesses, and vehicles can produce. Experts have said Trump's changes could end up costing Americans more money, however. For example, lower fuel efficiency standards for vehicles will require Americans to buy more gas. Also, experts say, these changes will lead to more greenhouse gas emissions, pollution that is bad for the planet-and people's health. Energy Production in the U.S. Most energy in the U.S.-80 percent-is generated by burning fossil fuels, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The U.S. oil and natural gas industry has been booming in recent years as new technology has made it easier and cheaper to extract those fuels from the ground. A significant amount of U.S. fossil fuel production happens on federal lands and waters. President Trump wants to expand drilling on federal lands, saying it will help the U.S. economy and make the nation less dependent on oil from other nations. But other people are demanding an end to drilling on federal lands, partly to help curb the use of fossil fuels. Some Americans are calling on the federal government to invest more money in renewable-energy research and development to help those technologies advance faster and become more common. Renewable energy is the fastest-growing energy source in the U.S., having increased 100 percent from 2000 to 2018, according to the Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Supporters say switching to renewable energy not only will help eliminate greenhouse gas emissions but also will create many new jobs. Green New Deal One of the most sweeping proposals to address climate change is called the Green New Deal. Outlined in 2019 by some members of Congress, it includes an ambitious goal for the U.S. to effectively eliminate carbon emissions by 2030. The plan involves upgrading the nation's infrastructure so transportation and electrical power systems are powered by renewable sources instead of fossil fuels. It also calls for updating buildings to make them more energy-efficient. In addition, the Green New Deal aims to address other big problems in America, including income inequality, in part by creating good, secure jobs in industries like renewable energy. Some people have criticized the plan for being too broad and expensive. But many Americans support at least some of its main goals. A 2019 NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll shows that 63 percent of people in the U.S. support the federal government investing in a Green New Deal to create new "green" jobs and more Earth-friendly infrastructure. Some lawmakers and other officials have announced their own proposals, which have similar purposes but different specific goals. Words to Know: climate change (noun) a long-term change in Earth's typical weather conditions, including warmer average global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events fossil fuels (noun) coal, oil, and natural gas formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals carbon dioxide (noun) a gas that is produced when certain fuels are burned and when people and animals breathe out greenhouse gasses (noun) gasses that warm the atmosphere by trapping the sun's heat close to Earth's surface renewable resources (noun) things that can be used as needed and are constantly being restored federal (adjective) relating to the national government infrastructure (noun) public facilities such as roads and bridges

Education How to give all Americans a quality education is a major issue in this year's election. Across the country, students have access to starkly different educational resources depending on the state, city, and even neighborhood in which they live. Those differences have huge implications for their long-term success in life. Some Americans want key changes to the country's educational system, such as making college free for all students. There are also calls to guarantee that all students can attend good public schools with diverse populations-and to help attract and retain talented educators by increasing teacher pay. High College Costs In recent years, the price of higher education has skyrocketed. From 2007 to 2017, the cost of attending public colleges and universities (which are run by state or local governments) rose more than 30 percent, according to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Today the average cost of one year at a four-year college is more than $27,000, the NCES reports. Students often have to borrow tens of thousands of dollars to earn their degrees-and end up in debt. As a result, college graduates sometimes struggle to pay their bills-and lack money to save and spend. For example, students with a lot of college debt often put off buying homes, according to research from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Such large purchases help the economy. What's more, college education has practically become a requirement for career opportunities. In 2019, college graduates earned weekly wages that were 67 percent higher than those of high school graduates, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports. The debate about college costs is focused on two ideas: making tuition-the cost of attending classes-free at all public colleges and universities for most or all students (something some states already do) and forgiving college debt. A majority of Americans support those two proposals, according to a 2019 poll. Segregated Schools Segregation-the separation of students by race-in public schools has been illegal in the U.S. for more than 65 years. Yet across the country, schools continue to be divided by race. They are also divided by income. These divisions have a major impact on the quality of education that students receive, according to the Civil Rights Project at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Experts say the main reason schools today are segregated by race and class is that neighborhoods are segregated-and most students attend public schools in their communities. Centuries of discriminatory laws, policies, and attitudes continue to influence where many people of color live and go to school, as well as the types of jobs available to them. About two-thirds of all Black and Latinx students nationwide go to schools where most of their peers are Black and Latinx, according to the UCLA Civil Rights Project. And research by the nonprofit group EdBuild shows that school districts primarily serving kids of color receive $2,200 less in state and local funding per student than mostly white districts, which are usually wealthier. That's in part because school funding is tied to how much residents pay in state and local taxes. The effects of these differences can be devastating. The UCLA Civil Rights Project reports that for children of color, attending segregated schools is linked to lower levels of college success, long-term employment, and income. Some cities are taking action to solve this problem-for example, by redrawing school zones to bring together students from all races. Experts say much more needs to be done across the country, from redrawing school districts to working to desegregate neighborhoods. Teacher Pay Experts say increasing educators' salaries is also essential to improving education in America. Teachers make about 20 percent less than their peers in other fields with similar education and experience, according to a report from the Economic Policy Institute. Some teachers must take second jobs to pay their bills or leave teaching for higher-paying careers. Many people believe that boosting pay would help attract more talented young people to the teaching profession-and keep more great teachers in the classroom. Words to Know: Discriminatory (adjective) making or showing an unfair distinction between different groups of people

America & The World The United States faces many challenges from around the globe. U.S. leaders and many Americans are particularly worried about continuing threats from America's longtime adversaries, including Russia and Iran. Of particular concern are other nations' development of cyberattack campaigns and desire to acquire nuclear weapons. At the same time, since he took office, President Donald Trump has disrupted traditional relations with America's longtime allies with his "America first" approach to foreign policy. As America faces urgent threats, voters want to know whether and how the candidates plan to work with other nations to confront those global challenges and build a safer and more secure world. Cyberoperations U.S. intelligence officials and many U.S. leaders say foreign cyberattacks and other cyberoperations are a major threat to our democracy. Intelligence experts note that other nations could use cyberattacks to target critical infrastructure, like the U.S. electrical grids. But currently, the most talked about cyberthreats are those designed to influence our elections. In 2017, U.S. intelligence experts concluded that Russia used cyberoperations to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Russia hacked computer systems to steal information about candidates and spread false or misleading information on social media. Intelligence experts also say Russia hacked into voting systems, including voter registration databases. (There is no evidence that any actual votes were altered.) Many experts and officials say that Russia is already meddling in the 2020 election. A big concern is that voting systems are insecure and could be hacked. Recently, lawmakers have put forward bills to improve election security systems, including requiring paper ballots at all polling places so there is always a paper trail for vote totals. Recent polls indicate that a significant number of Americans have concerns about the security of our elections. A 2019 survey from the Brookings Institution shows that a majority of Americans want the federal government to help states secure their voting systems. Nuclear Threats For years, a major concern of U.S. leaders has been the desire of America's adversaries, particularly Iran, to develop nuclear weapons. Last summer, a Gallup poll revealed that 78 percent of Americans would prefer the U.S. to use diplomacy rather than military force to discourage Iran from developing nuclear weapons. For his part, President Trump has taken a hard-line stance against Iran. In 2018, he pulled the U.S. out of a 2015 deal in which Iran had agreed to limit its nuclear program. In exchange, the U.S., along with the European Union and five other nations, had lifted economic sanctions that had devastated Iran's economy. Many experts believed the deal was working, and Iran's leaders insist they had been honoring the agreement. But Trump said the deal wasn't tough enough to get Iran to change its ways. He reimposed sanctions against the Middle Eastern nation and later ordered additional economic penalties. Since then, tensions with Iran have been building, and earlier this year, they nearly spiraled into war. Polls taken when hostilities between Iran and the U.S. were increasing over the past year show that most Americans do not want to go to war with Iran. Some U.S. leaders think President Trump's policies toward the nation have been too risky, and that the U.S. should rejoin the Iran nuclear deal. International Alliances As voters consider how the candidates will work to build a safer and more secure world, one thing they will be thinking about is our country's approach to foreign policy. Typically, the U.S. works with other nations-especially its longtime allies-to solve international problems and improve the global economy. Under President Trump, the U.S. approach has been much more unpredictable-and controversial. Trump has declared an "America First" policy as a guiding principle, saying he will put U.S. interests above the interests of the world. For example, he has pulled the U.S. out of key agreements with our international allies-including the Iran nuclear deal and a major global agreement to fight climate change-saying those deals hurt U.S. interests. Trump has also publicly feuded with leaders of traditional U.S. allies, including Canada and Germany. At the same time, he has praised authoritarian leaders whose actions have threatened U.S. security, such as Russian President Vladimir Putin. Many foreign policy experts and U.S. officials believe that such actions have damaged the nation's relationships with international allies. They say that repairing them-and boldly confronting adversaries such as Russia-is urgently necessary to make the world safer and more secure. Meanwhile, according to a Pew Research Center survey from this past March, large majorities of Americans say cooperation with other countries is important when dealing with international threats such as the spread of disease, cyberattacks from other countries, and climate change. Words to Know: adversaries (noun) enemies or opponents cyberattack (noun) an attempt to damage or destroy a computer network or system foreign policy (noun) the strategy that a government follows when dealing with other countries diplomacy (noun) the work of keeping good relations between the governments of different countries European Union (noun) a group of 27 European countries that work together on trade and policies sanctions (noun) official actions taken by one country against another as punishment, such as not allowing certain products to be sold in some places climate change (noun) a long-term change in Earth's typical weather conditions, including warmer average global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events authoritarian (adjective) requiring people to obey rules or laws while restricting personal freedom

Immigration Immigration has played an important role in American history-more than 100 million immigrants have come to the U.S. since its founding-and immigration policy has long been a topic of debate in this country. Yet that debate has been refocused and refueled since Donald Trump took office in 2017 and began enacting strict new immigration policies. His administration has prioritized deporting undocumented immigrants-people living in the U.S. without official permission to be here-and has worked to restrict both legal and illegal immigration. Such controversial policies have made immigration a big issue in this election. Restricting Legal Immigration For decades, the U.S. has prioritized letting in relatives of immigrants who live in the U.S. (Today between 60 and 70 percent of permanent immigration to the U.S. is family-related, according to the Migration Policy Institute.) One of President Trump's goals is to adjust U.S. immigration policy to favor workers with certain job skills. In the meantime, the administration has made legal immigration harder for applicants who have low incomes or can't speak English well. He says such immigrants use more public resources-such as housing assistance-than others. Critics of these policies say they discriminate against poor people from Latin America, Asia, and Africa. They point out that the U.S. has long been a place where people of all incomes, including poor people, have come to find jobs or start businesses and build wealth-in other words, to pursue the American dream. Moreover, studies have shown that immigration has an overall positive effect on the U.S. For example, as the U.S. economy has grown, immigrants have strengthened it by increasing the workforce and helping to fill jobs at all levels, according to research from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Undocumented Immigrants In recent decades, the U.S. immigration debate has focused mostly on what to do about the nearly 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the U.S. Research suggests that, like other immigrants, many undocumented residents came here to find jobs and better opportunities for their families. According to the Migration Policy Institute, 67 percent of undocumented immigrants age 16 and over are employed-compared with 58 percent of people who were born here. Three-quarters of Americans support giving undocumented immigrants a process to stay in the U.S. legally, a June poll by the Pew Research Center shows. Still, the U.S. typically deports hundreds of thousands of undocumented immigrants each year. The Trump administration has made such deportations a top priority. Meanwhile, President Trump's most well-known plan to address illegal immigration is to build a wall along the entire U.S. border with Mexico. Most Americans think strengthening border security is important. But a 2019 Gallup poll shows that 60 percent of Americans oppose expanding existing border walls, which would cost billions of dollars. Instead, 75 percent of Americans surveyed support enhancing border security by hiring more border patrol agents. Refugees and Asylum Seekers President Trump has also taken steps to restrict the numbers of refugees and asylum seekers allowed into the U.S. A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home country because of war, violence, or unfair treatment. Many work with the United Nations to resettle in countries like the U.S. Historically, the U.S. has accepted far more refugees than any other nation. In 2016, the U.S. resettled 85,000 refugees, for example. The Trump administration has drastically cut the number of refugees allowed in-to fewer than 20,000 this year. The administration has also worked to limit the number of people who can apply for asylum, a special protection that allows immigrants to stay in the U.S. for good. To receive it, asylum seekers must enter the U.S. and later prove in court that their lives would be threatened in their home countries. It is legal for people to apply for asylum even if they arrive here illegally. In recent years, a surge of asylum seekers have arrived at the U.S. border with Mexico. Most are from Central America and are escaping violence, which immigration experts say endangers many people living there. According to a 2019 Gallup poll, more than half of Americans think many Central American asylum seekers should be allowed to stay. But the Trump administration says many immigrants take advantage of the asylum process to stay in the U.S. and has imposed new restrictions on asylum seekers. For example, since January 2019, the U.S. government has been requiring tens of thousands of asylum seekers to stay in Mexico until their trials. (Those trials have been postponed during the coronavirus pandemic and will resume when public health benchmarks are met, according the government). The so-called "Remain in Mexico" policy is being challenged in court by civil liberties and immigrant rights groups that say it's illegal and endangers asylum seekers because of unsafe conditions in the temporary camps many are staying in. Meanwhile, since March, the Trump administration has sent almost all asylum seekers and immigrants who have crossed the U.S. border with Mexico back to their home countries, saying they pose a public health threat during the pandemic. Many health experts have been highly critical of that decision, saying it is unnecessary and inhumane. Trump's most controversial immigration policy was designed to discourage people from trying to illegally cross the border. In 2018, the Trump administration enacted a strict policy calling for adults who cross illegally to be arrested and charged as criminals-even if they are seeking asylum. Initially, any children traveling with them were separated from them and sent to youth detention centers. Many kids did not see their parents or adult relatives for months. After many Americans, including some who want tougher immigration laws, sharply criticized the family separations, Trump mostly ended them. In 2019, the administration set new rules that would allow children and parents to be held together until their court dates, which could be months away. These new policies have sparked fierce debate across the country, guaranteeing immigration will be a major issue in this election. Words to Know: refugees (noun) people forced to flee to another country because of danger or persecution asylum (noun) protection given by a government to someone who has left his or her country to avoid danger civil liberties (noun) basic rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by law or by the U.S. Constitution

THE RACE TO THE WHITE HOUSE

Can you name some famous presidents?

PAST PRESIDENTS

PAST PRESIDENTS

5

sources:whitehouse.govbritannica.combiography.com

Donald J. Trump Donald Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States; he took office on January 20, 2017. Previously, he was a real estate mogul and a former reality TV star. In 2019 Trump became only the third president in U.S. history (after Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998) to be impeached by the U.S. House of Representatives.

Barack Obama Barack Obama was the 44th president of the United States (2009-2017) and the first African American. The son of parents from Kenya and Kansas, Obama was born and raised in Hawaii. He oversaw the recovery of the U.S. economy (from the Great Recession of 2008-09) and the enactment of landmark health care reform (the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act). In 2009 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

George W. Bush George W. Bush, America's 43rd President (2001-2009), was transformed into a wartime President in the aftermath of the airborne terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, facing the "greatest challenge of any President since Abraham Lincoln." Bush led the United States' response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and initiated the Iraq War in 2003. Before his presidency, Bush was a businessman and served as governor of Texas.

Bill Clinton Bill Clinton is an American politician from Arkansas who served as the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001). He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby-boomer generation President. He oversaw the country's longest peacetime economic expansion. Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives in 1998 following the revelation of his affair with Monica Lewinsky but was acquitted by the Senate in 1999.

George H. W. Bush George H.W. Bush was the 41st President of the United States and served as vice president under Ronald Reagan. He was also the father of George W. Bush, the 43rd President. Bush's handling of the invasion in Kuwait is largely viewed as his greatest presidential success. Despite his global successes, Bush's inability to handle economic problems at home were blamed for his re-election bid failure in 1992.

Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, originally an American actor and politician, became the 40th President of the United States serving from 1981 to 1989. His term saw a restoration of prosperity at home, with the goal of achieving "peace through strength" abroad. President Ronald Reagan helped redefine the purpose of government and pressured the Soviet Union to end the Cold War. He solidified the conservative agenda for decades after his presidency.

James Carter Jimmy Carter served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and served as the nation's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad (Iranian Hostage Crisis,Panama Canal return to Panama, very poor relationships with Congress and the media). Carter's perceived mishandling of these issues led to defeat in his bid for reelection. Despite a largely unsuccessful one-term presidency, Carter later rehabilitated his reputation through his humanitarian efforts after leaving the White House. He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize.

Gerald R. Ford Gerald Ford became the 38th president of the United States (1974-1977) following Richard Nixon's resignation, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. When Gerald R. Ford took the oath of office on August 9, 1974, he declared, "I assume the Presidency under extraordinary circumstances...This is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts." Ford's early presidency marked a state of tumult for the nation, with downfalls including a seriously ailing economy (and an almost bankrupt New York City), an essential defeat in the Vietnam War, rocky foreign relations and an energy crisis.

Richard M. Nixon Richard Nixon was elected the 37th President of the United States (1969-1974) after previously serving as a U.S. Representative and a U.S. Senator from California. After successfully ending American fighting in Vietnam and improving international relations with the U.S.S.R. and China, he became the only President to ever resign the office, as a result of the Watergate scandal (a June 1972 break-in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters led to an investigation that revealed multiple abuses of power by the Nixon administration.)

Lyndon B. Johnson In the 1960 campaign, Lyndon B. Johnson was elected Vice President as John F. Kennedy's running mate. On November 22, 1963, when Kennedy was assassinated, Johnson was sworn in as the 36th United States President. As president, Johnson initiated the "Great Society" social service programs; signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law; and bore the brunt of national opposition to his vast expansion of American involvement in the Vietnam War.

John F. Kennedy (JFK) John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963), the youngest man elected to the office. On November 22, 1963, when he was hardly past his first thousand days in office, JFK was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, becoming also the youngest President to die. As president, Kennedy faced a number of foreign crises, especially in Cuba and Berlin, but managed to secure such achievements as the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty and the Alliance for Progress. He took vigorous action in the cause of equal rights, calling for new civil rights legislation.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Bringing to the Presidency his prestige as commanding general of the victorious forces in Europe during World War II, Dwight D. Eisenhower obtained a truce in Korea and worked incessantly during his two terms (1953-1961) to ease the tensions of the Cold War.

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman was Franklin Delano Roosevelt's vice president for just 82 days before Roosevelt died in 1945, and Truman became the 33rd president. In his first months in office, he dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, ending World War II. His policy of communist containment started the Cold War, and he initiated U.S. involvement in the Korean War. Truman left office in 1953 and died in 1972.

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd American president (1933-1945). FDR, as he was often called, led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II, and greatly expanding the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. Roosevelt's social programs reinvented the role of government in Americans' lives, while his presidency during World War II established the United States' leadership on the world stage. As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's health deteriorated, and on April 12, 1945, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage.

Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover was the 31st president of the United States (1929-1933), whose term was notably marked by the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginnings of the Great Depression. Hoover's policies could not overcome the economic destruction and despair that resulted, and he lost his reelection bid in 1932. Before serving as America's 31st President, Herbert Hoover had achieved worldwide gratitude as "The Great Humanitarian" who fed war-torn Europe during and after World War I.

Calvin Coolidge Calvin Coolidge was president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. Coolidge was known for his quiet demeanor, which earned him the nickname "Silent Cal." Elected U.S. vice president in 1920, he became president following the death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Calvin Coolidge demonstrated his determination to preserve the old moral and economic precepts of frugality amid the material prosperity which many Americans were enjoying during the 1920s era.

Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding was the 29th President of the United States (1921-1923). His term followed World War I and a campaign promising a "return to normalcy." Though his term in office was fraught with scandal, including Teapot Dome, Harding embraced technology and was sensitive to the plights of minorities and women.

Woodrow Wilson Woodrow Wilson, a leader of the Progressive Movement, was the 28th President of the United States (1913-1921). After a policy of neutrality at the outbreak of World War I, Wilson led America into war in order to "make the world safe for democracy", negotiating the Treaty of Versailles and crafting the League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations. His legacy includes sweeping reforms for the middle class, voting rights for women and precepts for world peace. However, Wilson is also known for a dismal record on race relations.

William Howard Taft William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States (1909-1913) . He was on track to be a career jurist, well on his way to his dream job of sitting on the Supreme Court, when President Roosevelt made him Secretary of War, and by 1907 had decided that Taft should be his successor. Taft finally achieved his dream of being appointed chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court in 1921, becoming the only person to have served both as a chief justice and president.

Theodore Roosevelt With the assassination of President William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, not quite 43, became the 26th and youngest President in the Nation's history (1901-1909). He brought new excitement and power to the office, vigorously leading Congress and the American public toward progressive reforms and a strong foreign policy. Known for his anti-monopoly policies and ecological conservationism, Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for his part in ending the Russo-Japanese War.

William McKinley William McKinley was the 25th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1897, until his assassination on September 14, 1901, after leading the nation to victory in the Spanish-American War and raising protective tariffs to promote American industry. William McKinley is best known for being president when the United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.

Grover Cleveland The 22nd and 24th President Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later (1885-1889 and 1893-1897), as well as the first to be married in the White House. Grover Cleveland was a tough opponent of political corruption who fiercely guarded the integrity of the offices in which he served. He lost a second term as incumbent but won back the presidency four years later. He earned the nickname "guardian president" for his record-breaking use of veto power and strengthened the executive branch, ushering in the modern presidential era.

Grover Cleveland The 22nd and 24th President Grover Cleveland was the only President to leave the White House and return for a second term four years later (1885-1889 and 1893-1897), as well as the first to be married in the White House. Grover Cleveland was a tough opponent of political corruption who fiercely guarded the integrity of the offices in which he served. He lost a second term as incumbent but won back the presidency four years later. He earned the nickname "guardian president" for his record-breaking use of veto power and strengthened the executive branch, ushering in the modern presidential era.

Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison, the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893, was the grandson of U.S. President William Henry Harrison. Harrison was elected to the presidency in 1888, ousting Grover Cleveland. One of the lasting legacies of Harrison's presidency was the expansion of the country to include the states of Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming and the Dakotas.

Chester A. Arthur Chester A. Arthur was the 21st president of the United States (1881-85). He served as vice president at the time President James Garfield was assassinated, and acceded to the presidency thereafter. As president, he supported the Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883), which provided for the open appointment and promotion of federal employees based on merit rather than patronage.

James Garfield James Garfield was elected as the United States' 20th President in 1881, after nine terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Garfield's agenda of civil service reform and civil rights was cut short when he was shot by a disgruntled office seeker in July 1881.

Rutherford B. Hayes As the 19th President of the United States (1877-1881), Rutherford B. Hayes oversaw the end of Reconstruction, began the efforts that led to civil service reform, and attempted to reconcile the divisions left over from the Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant In 1865, as commanding general, Ulysses S. Grant led the Union Armies to victory in the American Civil War. As an American hero, Grant was later elected the 18th President of the United States (1869-1877). While he had some success during his time in office, including pushing through ratification of the 15th Amendment ( granting African-American men the right to vote), his administration's scandals rocked both of his presidential terms.

Andrew Johnson With the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson became the 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). His lenient Reconstruction policies toward the South, and his vetoing of Reconstruction acts, embittered the Radical Republicans in Congress and led to his political downfall and impeachment, though he was acquitted.

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States (1861-1865) and is regarded as one of America's greatest heroes due to his role as savior of the Union and emancipator of slaves. His rise from humble beginnings to achieving the highest office in the land is a remarkable story. Lincoln was assassinated at a time when his country needed him to complete the great task of reunifying the nation. His eloquent support of democracy and insistence that the Union was worth saving embody the ideals of self-government that all nations strive to achieve.

James Buchanan James Buchanan was the 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). Serving as president during the run-up to the Civil War, Buchanan's inability to halt the southern states' drive toward secession has led most historians to consider his presidency a failure. Buchanan was the only U.S. president from Pennsylvania, and the only one to remain a lifelong bachelor.

Franklin Pierce Franklin Pierce became 14th President of the United States at a time of apparent tranquility (1853-1857). By pursuing the recommendations of southern advisers, Pierce - a New Englander - hoped to ease the divisions that led eventually to Civil War. As president, he signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, prompting a bloody conflict over Kansas' slavery status.

Millard Fillmore Millard Fillmore, a member of the Whig party, was the 13th President of the United States (1850-1853) and the last President not to be affiliated with either the Democratic or Republican parties. He became vice president under President Zachary Taylor, assuming the presidency after Taylor's death in 1850. As the 13th U.S. president, Fillmore was responsible for forcing open Japan to trade with the Treaty of Kanagawa.

Zachary Taylor Known as a national war hero for his battles in the Mexican War, Zachary Taylor served in the U.S. Army for nearly 40 years before he was elected as the 12th president of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his sudden death in July 1850. He led the nation during its debates on slavery and Southern secession.

James K. Polk James Polk was the 11th and youngest (at the time) president of the United States (1845-1849). Polk's annexation of Texas led to the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), and the U.S. victory thereby led to the acquisition of large territories in the Southwest and along the Pacific coast, which in turn led to the establishment of the Department of the Interior. The northern border of the United States was also established under Polk

John Tyler John Tyler became the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845) when President William Henry Harrison died in April 1841. He was the first Vice President to succeed to the Presidency after the death of his predecessor. Opponents dubbed President John Tyler the "Accidental President" and "His Accidency."

William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison, an American military officer and politician, was the ninth President of the United States (1841). Elected at age 67, he was then the oldest man to take the office, and became the first U.S. president to die in office. His one-month tenure was the shortest. His father, Benjamin, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his grandson, also Benjamin, became the 23rd president.

Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States (1837-1841). While the country was prosperous when the "Little Magician" was elected, less than three months later the financial panic of 1837 punctured the prosperity. His shrewd dealings laid the foundations for the Democratic Party and the modern political machine,but his policies were unpopular and he failed to win a second term .

Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Known as the "people's president," Jackson destroyed the Second Bank of the United States, founded the Democratic Party, supported individual liberty and instituted policies that resulted in the forced migration of Native Americans.

John Quincy Adams John Quincy Adams was the eldest son of President John Adams and the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829. In his pre-presidential years, Adams was one of America's greatest diplomats ; in his post-presidential years, he conducted a consistent and often dramatic fight against the expansion of slavery. Though full of promise, his presidential years were difficult, as he failed to develop the political relationships needed-even among members of his own party-to effect significant change.

James Monroe James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825) and the last President from the Founding Fathers. He is remembered for expanding U.S territory via the acquisition of Florida from Spain, as well as for the Monroe Doctrine. This policy stated that the Americas should be free from future European colonization and that any interference with independent countries in the Americas would be considered a hostile act toward the United States.

James Madison James Madison, America's fourth President (1809-1817), made a major contribution to the ratification of the Constitution by writing The Federalist Papers, along with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. In later years, he was referred to as the "Father of the Constitution." Madison initiated the War of 1812 and served two terms in the White House.

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, a spokesman for democracy, was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and the third President of the United States (1801-1809). Jefferson stabilized the U.S. economy and defeated pirates from North Africa during the Barbary War. He was responsible for doubling the size of the United States by successfully brokering the Louisiana Purchase. He also founded the University of Virginia.

John Adams John Adams, a remarkable political philosopher, served as the second President of the United States (1797-1801), after serving as the first Vice President under President George Washington. John Adams was a direct descendant of Puritan colonists from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

George Washington George Washington was a Virginia plantation owner who served as a general and commander-in-chief of the colonial armies during the American Revolutionary War, and later became the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797.

Get Ready for your Final Task !

Election project: Deliver your Endosement Speech ( Production orale en continu)

Axe 3 : Art and Power

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Electing a US President in Plain English

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start

Index

The Candidates

The Political Parties

How To Become President

Electoral College

Quiz

Date

Swing States

SUMMARY

WHEN IS THE ELECTION HELD?

DATE

THE CANDIDATES

The Candidates

Who are they?

The Initial Race

JOE BIDEN

46th and current US President2021-....

DONALD TRUMP

45th US President2017-2021

2020: Biden wins against Trump

THE INITIAL RACE

A MAJOR CHANGE

THE TWIST

What happened?

25th JULY 2024

BIDEN'S DECISION

A NEW FACE

THE NEW CANDIDATE

The Final Race

KAMALA HARRIS

Current Vice-President59 years oldBorn in Oakland, California

DONALD TRUMP

Former US President78 years oldBorn in New York City (NY)

THE FINAL RACE

THE POLITICAL PARTIES

CAN YOU NAME THEM ?

THE DEMOCRATS

THE REPUBLICANS

Requirements?

Primaries?

Electoral College?

THE SYSTEM

HOW TO BECOME PRESIDENT

RECAP

ELECTORAL COLLEGE 2024

Total number of votes?

Minimum number to win?

Why these numbers?

ELECTORAL COLLEGE 2020

THE SWING STATES

THE SWING STATES

2016, in the race Clinton v. Trump

What is a swing state?

Name swing states

Mention one historical example

2024 SWING STATES PREDICTIONS

SOURCE:BBC

QUIZ!

QUIZ

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PART 1

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1) When is Election Day? a) November 2 b) December 31 c) July 4 2) What do you do on Election Day? a) Eat Candy b) Go Swimming c) Vote 3) What is the voting age? a) 1 year old b) 18 years old c) 50 years old 4) What is a ballot? a) A car b) A piece of candy c) A paper used for voting 5) Where can you vote? a) School b) Beach c) space

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1) When is Election Day? a) November 2 b) December 31 c) July 4 2) What do you do on Election Day? a) Eat Candy b) Go Swimming c) Vote 3) What is the voting age? a) 1 year old b) 18 years old c) 50 years old 4) What is a ballot?

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How to Become President of the United States

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YOUR OPINION MATTERS ! React to ONE of the X posts by giving your opinion about the Electoral College system.

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YOUR OPINION MATTERS ! React to ONE of the X posts by giving your opinion about the Electoral College system.

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Examples of things to include in your post: How does the Electoral college work? Is it better in your opinion than popular vote? Yes? No? Why?

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PART 2

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Drag and drop each keyword next to its definition.. Ballot, Republican, Democrat, Candidates, Election, Democracy, Political Party.

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How  do celelebrities shape American Politics ? What is the role  and influence of Celebrity  in  the U.S Election Process .

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How  do celelebrities shape American Politics ? What is the role  and influence of Celebrity  in  the U.S Election Process .

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Vice President Kamala Harris, a Democrat, faces former President Donald Trump, a Republican, in the 2024 U.S. presidential election race that may be decided by a thin sliver of votes in seven battleground states. The two are sharply divided on the role the U.S. government should play in American lives and the world at large and on issues from abortion rights to immigration to trade.

Dea Bankova, Sarah Slobin

Jeff Mason, Tim Reid, David Lawder, Trevor Hunnicutt

Heather Timmons, Colleen Jenkins, Ross Colvin, Daniel Flynn, Will Dunham

Information you can trust

Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world's largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers.

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Where Harris and Trump Stand on Key Issues

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Complete the sentence - A cloze activity where you drag and drop words into blank spaces within a text.

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Rank order - Drag and drop the items into their correct order.

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Match up - Drag and drop each keyword next to its definition.

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Match up - Drag and drop each keyword next to its definition.

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Rank order - Drag and drop the items into their correct order.

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Crossword - Use the clues to solve the crossword. Tap on a word and type in the answer.

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US_Elections_2024 WEBQUEST PART 2 PLATFORMS

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Vice President Kamala Harris, a Democrat, faces former President Donald Trump, a Republican, in the 2024 U.S. presidential election race that may be decided by a thin sliver of votes in seven battleground states. The two are sharply divided on the role the U.S. government should play in American lives and the world at large and on issues from abortion rights to immigration to trade.

Dea Bankova, Sarah Slobin

Jeff Mason, Tim Reid, David Lawder, Trevor Hunnicutt

Heather Timmons, Colleen Jenkins, Ross Colvin, Daniel Flynn, Will Dunham

Information you can trust

Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the world's largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers.

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Where Harris and Trump Stand on Key Issues

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(B1/ B2) American Presidential Elections

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Here’s the main points I wish to raise . A president should be loving and joyful. Besides he should be very positive and honest, so he must tell the truth. However, a president shouldn’t be a bad guy, instead he should be fair to people and not make any differences. To put it in a nutshell, a president should be like a teacher, a mom or a dad. A truthful and helper to be a model for everyone.

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In my opinion, a president should be honest, responsible and courageous.

They shouldn't be selfish or arrogant, because he (they) must think highly of peopl e / or what is best for of the best for people. I strongly believe a president should also be a good communicator to inspire others and explain ideas clearly. Moreover,I have the feeling that a president should be fair and make decisions that may help everyone.

To conclude, a president must show strong leadership while staying kind and humble to earn respect and trust.

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🇺🇲Président Qualities🇺🇸

In my opinion, to be a good president, you should be smart and honest . You almost should be joyful, positive and it's important to always tell the truth . A great president have has to take is his stuff job very seriously but stay be a good guy and be fair to all the people . He must be truthful and humble . He can look like a school teacher with their patience and kindness or like our parents . I strongly believe that a president should be attentive and be supportive. So, he might should be a role model.

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In my opinion the qualities that a president should have are listening to people and succeeding in capturing their attention because a president who does not listen to his people and who is not necessarily captivating is a bad president. I think strongly believe that a good president must should also have the quality of knowing how to make the right decisions at the right time and in important situations. To conclude , the qualities that a president should have are also being be humble and shouldn't abuse of not abusing his authority and power.

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I think a President should be kind, fair, and humble. He or she should tell the truth and make decisions that help everyone, not just themselves. It’s important that they shouldn’t be selfish or dishonest because these traits can lead to bad leadership. In my opinion, a great President is like a role model—someone we admire and trust. Finally, I believe a President should inspire others to be their best selves and create a future where everyone feels included.

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In my opinion, a president should be honest,responsible and brave.They should listen to their people poeple and make fair decisions. A president shouldn’t be selfish, because this may cause creates problems in population. As for me they should be open-minded and he they should be concerned about conditions of the future generation. A president should be for my an example for his country. To sum up,I believe a good president needs to show integrity and determination to represent the his country.

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To begin with, from my point of view a good president should ensure fully embrace the height of his responsibilities. Despite the fact that he faces diffilcult events, he shouldn't be unaware to the facts and even be reliable for the population.

Then, as far as I'm concerned, we must acknowledge that the best a good president should have the quality to achieve great things by embodying a joyful individual with a positive mindset. Moreover, to my mind, being honest and trustful furthemore a truthful president, as it is an essential quality.

To conclude, a president should has got have all the keys for answering to to answer every mains issues, sont he should be is a role model for his population people.

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A president should be a fair and honest leader who puts the well-being of the people first. They need to make thoughtful decisions, respect the law, and communicate clearly. A good president should listen to others, bring people together, and stay strong in difficult times. They must face challenges with courage, work with others to find solutions, and take actions that protect the country's future. Above all,they should remain humble and take responsibility for their choices.

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A president should be honest, responsible and humble. In my opinion, they should to be careful about people's needs and work for the well-being of everyone, especially the children. They shouldn't be selfish or make decisions only for their personal interest. I also believe they should be a good listeners and seek good advice take great s advice s to solve problems. A president shouldn't divide the country but instead bring people together.

To conclude, a great leader must serve with integrity and fairness.

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A President should be fair to all the people. To my mind, he should be fighting for the equality of all and he shouldn't create inequality between men and women. If he promises a project, he should be able to carry it out realize it. I personally believe that he should be honest in their his actions and speeches. A President isn't the king of his country, he must should know how to question himself and contribute to the well-being of his people. To sum up, a President must serve the interests of his country by being humble.

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In my opinion, a president should be able to listen to the proposition of his citizens. He should also know how to make the right decisions for the country's future and represent the country abroad. For me, he should be kind and not let this his feelings get the better of him. In conclusion, a president should represent the country in a way that presents a positive image of its citizens in the good image of their his citizens.

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I personally believe that a president should have many qualities because they represent their people . the population. In my opinion, a president should be loyal, honest, kind and truly fair.

Everyone must feel secure and everyone should be treated equally. There should be no differences between people, and a good president should always keep this in mind.

On the contrary they shouldn’t be selfish, dishonest or individualistic.

To conclude I´d like to end by saying that a president must be fair, respectable and smart.

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What qualities do you think a President should have ?

In my view a President should be aware of inequalities in the country, inequalities of wealth and inequalities of genders and origins. I think he should be fair, he shouldn't be a favourite. A President should be tuned of him nation and inhabitants (citizens) and he should consider opinion of people. ( people's opinions) He should be positive and convincing. I want a President to help that help the most disadvantaged people like the poor or students.

I strongly believe that every nations needs a President who knows how to take care of them with joyful but with seriously.

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A president is the person who leads the country. He needs several qualities which are recommended to perform his duty.

He should be truthful , he needs to do all the things he promised to the people and for me, he shouldn't be selfishness and he should give good news to people . During a crisis , In crisis period the a president (should be) has to be serious and positive.

I personally believe that a president should be like a teacher and for that he should be smart and helpful. He has to be a good symbol for his country and make a good memory of him in the future when he won't be the president anymore

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A good president should be respectful and smart . He or she should be able to teach use respect as our parents and teachers do . He (she) should be kind just like them. Moreover he (She) should putting the needs of the people above personal or political interests. I strongly believe that a good president shouldn’t have a gender party , he (she) should ensure equality. On the other hand he should also ensure healthcare. I believe a president should be fostering trust and stability in the nation for a good governance

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As far I’m concerned, a president should be responsible, fair and inspiring for the people. They should listen to others and make decision for the good of everyone. A president shouldn’t be selfish or dishonest because these qualities can harm the country. I think they should also be hardworking and courageous to face challenges. From my point of view, showing kindness and respect is essential to have good people in the society. To recap the main points a great president is should be a leader who serves his role with respect and compassion

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A good president should have a lot or qualities . In m'y my opinion a president should be responsible because he has have a big great power and a Big power involves comes with a Big great responsibility .

He should also be honeste and says tell the truth to the his people.

A president shouldn't be raciste and dicrimining discriminate against people based on by theirs colors or theirs origines. To conclude , I m'y feel a president must have all this these qualities

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Firstly, to my mind, a President should be fair: she/he should never discriminate people based on their skin color, religion, gender or sexuality. Also, in my view, it's essential for a President to be sensitive to the environment: she/he should do everything in her/his power to protect the population his people from climate change and to protect the biodiversity. Finally, to me, a good President should be honest, smart and modest, she/he should be recognized for her/his benefits and kindness. To conclude , People should not be ashamed of their President because a good President makes the people he represents proud.

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According to me (From my point of view) , a President should care for their people by being helpful and generous. They should also address every situation as an honest, truthful and fair leader. In my opinion, having a loving and joyful President can reunite the people and reduce hatred. They should also be inspirational but still humble. Even though a President needs to be compassionate, they should always remain smart when making decisions.

To conclude, a President should have many qualities that promotes the well-being of the whole nation and not a certain part of it.

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To my mind a President should be joyful, kind and humble. He/She should be fair and be respectful;moreover he/she shouldn't think that girls can't do things that what boys can and otherwise. In my view a President should be able to be responsible for his/her actions and words and he should be loyal to his/her people. Furthermore, for me, a President shouldn't be selfish and unfair. To add more Additionally , a President should be like a parent or a teacher. To sum up a President sould be a role model, someone who we can rely on, that is someone honest and who always tells the truth.

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In my opinion a president should be charismatic and empathetic capable of inspiring people and understanding their needs.

They shouldn’t be arrogant or indifferent to the concerns of citizens.

I belive they should also be decisive making tough choices while staying calm under pressure.

In my view a president shouldn’t prioritize gain over the common good.

In my view, a president shouldn’t ignore the problems of the country.

A president t must embody the values of leadership, fairness, and integrity to truly serve their nation.

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From my point of view, a president should be loving, joyful and honest. He shouldn't be selfish and not be like :"Girls can do one thing but boys can't, boys can do something but Girls can't" ,so he should be fair. I believe a president should make decisions that are just (fair to ) for everyone and of course tells the truth. To my mind, the main thing is that he should be really smart and positive.

To sum up, a President must be a good leadership and do everything to be loved by everyone.

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In my view, a president should be fair with everyone, no matter of their age, color or whatever if whether it is a woman or a man. But he or she shouldn't take his or her role lighty (should take his role seriously) and he should know must know how to remain serious. A president should also be as honest as possible, even if it's not always joyful. So , he or she shouldn't be selfish or be a liar. To conclude, a president should be an example for his country, an inspiration for the children and like a parent with who we feel safe in security.

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First, an American president should have the American nationality, it's logical. Then, a president must be cultivated, know the history of his country, be strong in geopolitics, and have a good relationship with other political personality. ==> Tu ne réponds pas à la question !!!!! No Matter his political party, a good president should never insult anyone, whether it be a particular person, group of person people or religion. A good president must have experience of his country as a resident, in order to see the different problems to be solved in is his own country. For me, he should must do his best to do what he promised in his platform program, he must not disappoint the people who voted for him. He'd rather he be honest than lie to get votes.

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From my point of view, first of all, a president should always do his (their) best in order to satisfy please the maximum amount number of people who has voted for him/her (them), which also means that he have to should be) be kind but also strong and a bit strict, like a good father. However, a president shouldn't make offensive remarks despite his/her political part. I will conclude by saying that a good president should respect (keep) his/her (their)promises without making any inequalities. (80 words)

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As far as i am concerned, a president should be someone who is fair to all the people. Indeed, to lead a country it asks kindness and empathy towards every types of person. He A president should must advocate (promote) unity and sharing.

On the other hand side, i believe that a president shouldn't be selfish as it could be something bad for a country to have a leader who acts for his own interest. I have the feeling that there would be social consequences, which may and would be divide the country. As a conclusion, a president should first and foremost listen to people to fulfill his (their) duty.

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I personally believe that a president should have many qualities. As far as I'am concerned I think that a president should be honest and humble. I share the same idea (view) that as the little boy on in the video . Indeed, a president shouldn't be selfish . I strongly believe that he (they) should think about the future of its their people and their well-being. I agree with the little girl it they should help everyone. To conclude I could say that a president must be a good ????? in his country, wanting equality for all.

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For me a president should be honest with his intentions for the country and for his people the population.He shouldn't be a prison guy because as he could start wars or make bad decisions because of his relation with the street. In my opinion he should help his country first instead of helping immigrants because the main thing the a president should care about it's is his people's happiness the happiness of his population. To conclude the a president should listen to the population his citizens to make itself ?????????? better and also be in agreement with as many nations as possible more country as possible.

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First and foremost, to be president, there are some certain criteria (requirements) to meet in order to become president : he A president needs to be a natural-born citizen, at least 35 years old, and reside must have lived in the USA for at least 14 years.

To my mind a great president requires some qualities, such as being smart and serious . He should be fair, helpful, and should always telling the truth, and the most importantly: he must (should) be an ordinary citizen like everybody (like any other) , he should be like a father, like a mother, and all the Americans. He must represent the his country and love it .

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In my opignon, a president should be responsible to lead the country. The president They should listen to their people, make good decisions and have strong communication skills to connect with people their citizens and inspire them. A president shouldn't be lazy because that's bad for a country. To me, they should be brave problems ?????? and fair to help everyone. They should be truthful and they should be just a good person. In conclusion, a good president cares about their people and works hard for them.

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To my mind, a president should be trustful and honest. I strongly believe that a president shouldn't keep secrets to the population and shouldn't put his their personal interests against his above their country's interests. I see eye to eye with the people that believe that a president should be clever and educated, but I have the feeling that a president needs to prioritize being be a listener over being a leader. I feel that a president should be self-actualised and moral. And last but not the least a president should be peaceful and careful.

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President shouldn't be selfish have are like selfishness because he they could make bad decisions.It's important to be fair ,it they should not create inequalities.He must be humble,he should be truthful, they should be a good person.He should be have like a teacher ,a teacher,a father ,he should help the world.A president should take his stuff job very seriously.No one should be left behind,especially by the president.The president should not make a bad decisions because the people will may see it differently. ===> REEMPLOI : outils OPINION ????????

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First and foremost, I personnaly believe that a president should deeply care for her/his (their) country, be mindful of her/his (their) actions and understand that she/he is (they are )responsible for the well being of the entire country, not just their electors. Furthermore, a president shouldn't only care about the prestige of the title, they shouldn't be selfish, careless or irresponsible. As far as I am concerned, i think that a president must continually strive to improve the nation, as there are always things she/he (they) could and should be doing to make it greater. (better)

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In my opinion, a president should be an example. That's why he or she needs to follow some requirements.

First of all, I strongly believe a president should be clever and should'nt be impulsive. According to me it is essential as the (a) president has to solve nationals issues as quickly as possible.

Moreover, the head of state should be honest and fair as every citizens should be equally treated and the president does is not worth more than his or her citizens.

Finally, to my mind, a president should be empathetic and care about people.

To sum up, I believe it is important that the head of state amazes his or her / their citizens by with his or her cleverness, honesty and empathy in order to be the best example possible. (role model)

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For my point of view, a President should have several essential qualities. First of all, he should be honest and humble to gain the trust of their citizens (for their citizens to trust him) . He should also be able to share serious and fair ideas. As for me, a good President shouldn’t be impulsive, but rather thoughtful in his decisions. Finally, he should show empathy towards the need of children and families and must should maintain good listening and communication with his citizens. I’d like to end by saying that I believe that is necessary for a President to inspire and unite the country.

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To my opinion a president must possess essential qualities to lead well . He must be visionary , able to anticipate future challenges , and have a sense of strategy . He needs charisma to inspire and mobilize citizens . Listening and empathy are important to understand the needs of the population . Decision making must be firm but thoughful and must give importance to both and the young elderly . Integrity and honesty build trust . Finally , great mental strengh is necessary in the face of crises and challlenges .(81words)

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In my opinion, a President must (should) have a lot of qualities to govern a country. He should be honest and should take his stuff job very seriously. As for as I'm concerned, a President should be able to help and should be positive. We should keep in mind that a President should stay human before all, that's why he (they) can have defects too. To conclude, We must acknowledge that he (they) shouldn't be incompetent and or bossy.

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Does your vote count? The Electoral College explained - Christina Greer

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U.S PRESIDENTS AND CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENTS

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TERM TC Student WorksheetDo Celebrity Endorsements Matter in Elections

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Do celebrity endorsements matter? A look at the role of pop stars in modern politics

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Do celebrity endorsements matter? A look at the role of pop stars in modern politics

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1.     What historic examples does the piece include regarding celebrity endorsements?

2.    Who were the past presidents endorsed by the celebrities featured in the piece?

3 . When did Taylor Swift endorse Vice President Kamala Harris for president?

4.     Why do celebrities endorse presidential candidates?

5.     How important are celebrity endorsements, according to this story?

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Do celebrity endorsements matter? A look at the role of pop stars in modern politics

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I personally believe that being president is the biggest and hardest responsibility that you can have in your life. You have to manage your country and relations with other states. Even if it’s a big job, I strongly believe that a president must (should) be sensible and careful, to avoid some problems with other countries. Moreover, in my opinion, he/she must to give a good image of himself or herself and don’t do some rumours. A president have has to be understanding and empathetic to help people who have many problems. So he/she should be kind, positive and fair. Nevertheless, a president shouldn’t be a bad person who work for money,they shouldn't be racist or not inclusive, because this kind of human beings lead to a civil wars. As a conclusion, we should keep in mind that however of even though the job of the president's job is tough hard, he/she has to respect many criterions criteria for being loved by his country and manage correctly the his government correctly .

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Arnold Schwarzenegger Endorses Kamala Harris In SEARING Message

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Arnold Schwarzenegger makes rare endorsement for Kamala Harris

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“I want to move forward as a country, and even though I have plenty of disagreements with their platform, I think the only way to do that is with Harris and Walz,” wrote the actor and former Republican governor of California.

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