# data[].attributes.body
Un estudio de la Universidad Estatal de Nueva York en 2017 analizó agua embotellada de 9 países y encontró que más del 90% de las botellas tenían microplásticos, específicamente, un promedio de 325 partículas de plástico por cada litro de agua embotellada analizada.. Por lo tanto hasta el agua que consideramos pura, está contaminada.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ciencia/detectan-microplasticos-90-agua-embotellada_14456

# data[].attributes.body
La Universidad de Gante en Bélgica descubrió que los mariscos, como mejillones y ostras, acumulan microplásticos porque filtran el agua del mar para alimentarse.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36934543

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Microplastics in European sea salts - An example of exposure through consumer choice and of interstudy methodological discrepancies - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Microplastics are contaminants of emerging concern, not least due to their global presence in marine surface waters. Unsurprisingly, microplastics have been reported in salts harvested from numerous locations. We extracted microplastics from 13 European sea salts through 30% H₂O₂ …

# data[].attributes.body
Un estudio de la Universidad de Exeter en 2018 encontró microplásticos en alimentos como sal, miel y azúcar

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32119774

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

² Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

³ Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.

⁴ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.

⁵ Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

² Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Process and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.

³ Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark.

⁴ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.

⁵ Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Abstract

The ubiquity of microplastics in aquatic and terrestrial environments and related ecological impacts have gained global attention. Microplastics have been detected in table salt, drinking water, and air, posing inevitable human exposure risk. However, rigorous analytical methods for detection and characterization of microplastics remain scarce. Knowledge about the potential adverse effects on human health via dietary and respiratory exposures is also limited. To address these issues, we reviewed 46 publications concerning abundances, potential sources, and analytical methods of microplastics in table salt, drinking water, and air. We also summarized probable translocation and accumulation pathways of microplastics within human body. Human body burdens of microplastics through table salt, drinking water, and inhalation were estimated to be (0-7.3)×10 ⁴, (0-4.7)×10 ³, and (0-3.0)×10 ⁷ items per person per year, respectively. The intake of microplastics via inhalation, especially via indoor air, was much higher than those via other exposure routes. Moreover, microplastics in the air impose threats to both respiratory and digestive systems through breathing and ingestion. Given the lifetime inevitable exposure to microplastics, we urgently call for a better understanding of the potential hazards of microplastics to human health.

PubMed Disclaimer

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
national center for biotechnology information

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A Review of Microplastics in Table Salt, Drinking Water, and Air: Direct Human Exposure - PubMed

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The ubiquity of microplastics in aquatic and terrestrial environments and related ecological impacts have gained global attention. Microplastics have been detected in table salt, drinking water, and air, posing inevitable human exposure risk. However, rigorous analytical methods for detection and ch ...

# data[].attributes.body
La Universidad de Edimburgo en 2020 mostró que respiramos microplásticos que están en el polvo y en las fibras de la ropa sintética

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.9b04535?utm_source

# data[].attributes.body
Una metaanálisis encontró que la contaminación por microplásticos en sal de consumo humano (de mar, lago, roca, agua subterránea) existía en la gran mayoría de las muestras analizadas, con valores variables según origen

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-020-03749-0?utm_source

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis - Discover Applied Sciences

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.