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Perplexity

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Introduction to Hate Crimes in Queensland

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ChatGPT

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ChatGPT

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Qld Inquiry into Serious Vilification and Hate Crimes 2022

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Qld Inquiry into Serious Vilification and Hate Crimes 2022

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Parliament Qld

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A day in the Life of the Queensland Parliament The Executive Government of Queensland Officers of the Queensland Parliament The Origins of the Queensland Parliament The Queensland Parliament and Parliamentary Process Parliamentary Scrutiny via Parliamentary Committees The Queensland Parliament and the Financial Process The Queensland Parliament and the Legislative Process The Queensland Constitution The Queensland Electoral System The Role of Parliament Separation of Powers Learn About Parliament Information For

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Criminal Code (Serious Vilification and Hate Crimes)

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Criminal Code (Serious Vilification and Hate Crimes)

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Qld Gov.

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Criminal Code (Serious Vilification and Hate Crimes) and Other Legislation Amendment Act 2023 - Queensland Legislation - Queensland Government

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New stronger hate crime laws now in effect in Qld

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New stronger hate crime laws now in effect in Qld

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QHRC

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News: Stronger hate crime laws are now in effect

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From 29 April 2024, vilification protections under Queensland law became stronger. The changes mean that:

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Queensland Police

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The Queensland Police Service takes hate crimes and vilification seriously. If you have been affected by or have witnessed a hate crime occurring within your community, we encourage you to report this to your local police.

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NSW Police

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eSafety Commissioner
eSafetyCommissioner

If you or someone you know experiences online abuse, you can go to the eSafety Commissioner (eSafety) - Australia's regulator for online safety.

eSafety can help Australians with online abuse such as cyberbullying, adult cyber abuse, image based abuse, and illegal and restricted content.

Online abuse can happen on a social media site, game, app or any other online or electronic platform. It can include posts, comments, texts, messages, chats, livestreams, memes, images, videos and emails.

How to make a report to eSafety

There are different steps to follow when you make a report - based on the type of abuse:

1. For cyberbullying and adult cyber abuse: Report to the online service or social platform first. If they don't remove the content within 48 hours, report to eSafety.

2. For image-based abuse or illegal and restricted content: Report to eSafety immediately.

Find out more about what eSafety can investigate, how to make a report and how to collect evidence.
Australian Human Rights Commission https://humanrights.gov.au/complaints Anti-Discrimination NSW https://antidiscrimination.nsw.gov.au
They protect and promote human rights in Australia and internationally. They offer free and informal enquires and complaint service to deal with unlawful discrimination and racial and sexual harassment issues. National Information Services link below:

They have an enquiry service that can provide you with information about discrimination. You can also lodge a complaint with them if you have experienced discrimination, sexual harassment or vilification in New South Wales.

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eSafety Commissioner eSafetyCommissioner If you or someone you know experiences online abuse, you can go to the eSafety Commissioner (eSafety) - Australia's regulator for online safety. eSafety can help Australians with online abuse such as cyberbullying , adult cyber abuse , image­ based abuse, and illegal and restricted content.

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YouTube

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YouTube

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What it takes for something to be labelled a hate crime

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What it takes for something to be labelled a hate crime

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What It Takes For Something To Be Labeled A Hate Crime, According To Experts

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Gaps in Australian Hate Crime Legislation

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Gaps in Australian Hate Crime Legislation

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YouTube

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Gaps in Australian hate crime legislation

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Terror takes hold: How waves of hate spread across Australia

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YouTube

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Sentencing for hate crimes in Tasmania | ABC News

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Federal Parliament passes stronger hate speech laws

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Federal Parliament passes stronger hate speech laws

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YouTube

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Federal parliament passes stronger laws on hate crimes | ABC NEWS

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New hate crime laws will further limit speech

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New hate crime laws will further limit speech

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YouTube

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New hate crime laws will ‘further limit speech’ in Australia

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YouTube

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Man dressed in animal costume attacked in alleged 'hate crime' | 9 News Australia

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FIA2 Year 11 Legal Studies Template 2025

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Chace

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Lyla

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Nicole

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YouTube

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Fox sports

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NRL star Jack de Belin's long-awaited sexual assault trial has been delayed after a judge was forced to dismiss a jury on Tuesday afternoon.

St George Illawarra Dragons forward de Belin, 30, and friend Callan Sinclair, 24, are accused of raping a young woman following a Christmas pub crawl in Wollongong in late 2018.

Both men have pleaded not guilty to aggravated sexual assault and claim the sex was consensual.

They were arraigned before a jury on Tuesday but proceedings skidded to a halt when one juror sent a note to Judge Nicole Norman during the first half-hour break.

Judge Norman subsequently told the court the juror had intimated they could not afford to live on the government allowance given to jurors.

The juror was casually employed and needed to work to pay rent, the court was told.

In the circumstances Judge Norman said there was no other option but to dismiss the whole jury.

Jurors are paid $106.30 for the first 11 days of a trial and $247.40 for every day after that, if they are employed.

Those who are not employed receive the $106.30 allowance for each day of the trial, no matter how long it takes.

They are also paid a travel allowance of 30.7c per km travelled between their postcode and the courthouse.

Callan Sinclair (centre) has also pleaded not guilty. Picture: NCA News Wire / Adam Yip Source: News Corp Australia

Attempts to empanel a new jury of 12 people were unsuccessful on Tuesday afternoon, and the matter was adjourned for the day.

The parties will return to the Downing Centre District Court on Wednesday, where a new jury is set to be empanelled, and the trial could start later in the day.

De Belin was stood down under the NRL's no fault policy after being charged during the 2018 off-season and has not played professional rugby league since.

It came after a stellar year for the then 27-year-old, who was selected in NSW's victorious State of Origin side. De Belin played all three matches as the Blues took the series 2-1.

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Jack de Belin: Jury dismissed in rape trial for NRL star, Callan Sinclair

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St George Illawarra Dragons forward de Belin, 30, and friend Callan Sinclair, 24, are accused of raping a young woman following a Christmas pub crawl in Wollongong in late 2018. Both men have pleaded not guilty to aggravated sexual assault and claim the sex was consensual.

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YouTube Movie

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Student 3.3 p78 text

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Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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VCE Legal Studies - Unit 4 AOS2 - Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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YouTube

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VCE Legal Studies - Unit 4 AOS2 - Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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Department of Communities and Justice NSW

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Welcome to Jury Service - with english sub-titles

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Headings

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Juries

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Juries

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Jury is out: why shifting to judge-alone trials is a flawed approach

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Jury is out: why shifting to judge-alone trials is a flawed approach

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The Conversation

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Last month, Victoria swiftly pushed through a bill introducing judge-only criminal trials as a short-term measure to tackle the absence of court sittings during the coronavirus lockdown.

The new law, which was cautiously welcomed by the state Criminal Bar Association, puts Victoria in line with other states that already have judge-only trials as a permanent option.

The ACT also passed an emergency bill last week approving judge-only trials temporarily.

In Victoria and other states, there is a requirement for the accused person to consent to such a trial. The new ACT law, however, allows a judge to order such a trial whether the accused agrees or not. This was not welcomed by the Law Council of Australia and is now the subject of a constitutional challenge.

Right to a fair trial

Jury trials have long been a staple of common law and one of the essential liberties of a free country.

In Australia, one of the few express constitutional rights is a trial by jury at the Commonwealth level. Richard Harding, former director of the Australian Institute of Criminology, has noted there is an expectation this right extends to jury trials on state indictments, too.

It seems, however, this deference is no longer being observed.

Such a significant change to the criminal justice system deserves much more public scrutiny than it has received.

Even with the ostensible consent of an individual to a judge-only trial, there is a real risk we lose a sense of public accountability for decisions at the state level and the methods used to accuse people of serious crime.

Read more: Courts are moving to video during coronavirus, but research shows it's hard to get a fair trial remotely

In addition, these judge-only trials have been introduced in Victoria and the ACT during an emergency, without an audit of outstanding trials and a taskforce to look at alternative measures (such as fewer jurors). It is the prefect storm of short-term gain with the potential for long-term harm.

In the UK, where a similar backlog of trials has been exacerbated by the pandemic, some lawyers have urged the courts to adopt the Australian model and offer the judge-only trial option.

The Criminal Bar Association of England and Wales, however, has signalled its concerns about making any changes to the current jury system, saying,

There are so many imponderables that this pandemic should not be used as an excuse to rush into the great unknown where the risks are simply not worth taking, from what would be a wholescale change, volte-face to a tried and tested system that worked for at least the past 800 years.

Community engagement in justice is vital

It is also worth bearing in mind that jury service is an exercise in democracy. In cases where the public has a vested interest and the verdict could lead to a life-changing punishment, it is vital the community decides on a person's guilt or innocence - and not a privileged professional.

Lord Devlin, a British judge well known for his stance against what he saw as injustice in the legal system, once said

a jury cannot fight tyranny outside the law, but it ensures that within the law liberty cannot be crushed.

More recently, in an appendix to a book about great trials at the Old Bailey, Sir Edward Bindloss wrote that

jurors serve a political function: they are lay people who administer the law as a direct act of citizen engagement.

Because criminal cases focus so much on people and their behaviours, there is a real value in the role members of the community play when they answer the call for public service on a jury.

More research needed on judge-alone trials

Then there is the question of finding the right balance on acquittal rates.

In 2009, there were only 53 judge-only trials in NSW out of a total of 575, or about 10%. The acquittal rate for judge-only trials was just 17.3% - far lower than the acquittal rate for jury trials of 43.8%.

By 2014, however, judge-only trials had become much more commonplace in the state, accounting for a quarter of all trials. And the acquittal rate was more even - 33.3% for judge-alone and 35.2% for jury trials.

Read more: Pandemic policing needs to be done with the public's trust, not confusion

There might be a range of reasons for such differences in the statistics, which could be determined by thorough analysis of the cases themselves.

This shows the need for more analysis and study of judge-only trials to gauge their fairness before more permanent changes are made to state laws.

Guarding against biased decisions

We also need to consider the impact that changing or removing trial by jury will have on marginalised groups.

The Australian judiciary is well known for its lack of diversity. Because of this, is there a potential for judge-only trials to lead to biased decisions against certain minorities?

Research on the Diplock courts in Northern Ireland - judge-alone courts set up in the 1970s to address criminal cases during the Irish Troubles - has studied whether judges acting on their own could become "case-hardened" over time and thus biased against the accused.

The research also raised concerns that judges would decide the facts in cases and then draft their reasons in such a way as to make their decisions more difficult to appeal.

In South Africa, jury trials were abolished in 1969 due to racial bias against black people and a new system was set up with an option for two lay assessors to sit with the judge. These assessors are able to overrule the judge when it comes to a verdict on the facts of the case.

Judge-only trials in Australia have no similar checks from the community on the judicial process. In cases involving Indigenous people in Australia, it would be worth considering having Indigenous lay assessors similarly accompany judges who sit alone on trials.

Read more: Transmitting COVID-19 to another person could send you to prison for life. Here's why this is worrisome

Instead of changing to judge-only trials, perhaps what is really needed is a more fundamental recognition of the disadvantages and vulnerabilities that many people face in the criminal justice system.

If this is something we're committed to addressing, then verdicts that affect someone's life should always come down to more than one person.

Even during a pandemic, it must still be possible to select a diverse group of jurors committed to public service to make sure trials are fair, even if, in the short term, they have to sit 1.5 meters apart.

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Jury is out: why shifting to judge-alone trials is a flawed approach to criminal justice

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Last month, Victoria swiftly pushed through a bill introducing judge-only criminal trials as a short-term measure to tackle the absence of court sittings during the coronavirus lockdown. The new law, which was cautiously welcomed by the state Criminal Bar Association, puts Victoria in line with other states that already have judge-only trials as a permanent option.

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Various articles on juries

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Jury News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation

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Browse Jury news, research and analysis from The Conversation

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The jury system: arguments for, against, reforms alternatives

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The jury system: arguments for, against, reforms alternatives

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Qld Courts

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jury duty videos; jury duty resources; jury service; faq’s about jury duty

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Links to videos and resources to help you further understand the jury process

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Qld courts

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jury service; jury duty; being a juror; jury service queensland

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Links to information about the jury service process, what to do if you're notified and summonsed, and what happens in court and a jury room

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Qld Courts

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YouTube

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Jury Duty in Australia Courts 08 After the trial

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Jury Duty in Australian Courts 07 The verdict

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How to do Jury Duty in Australian Courts 06 Jury deliberations

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How to do Jury Duty in Australian Courts 05 Summing up

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How to do Jury Duty in Australian Courts 04 What happens

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How to do Jury Duty in Australian Courts 03 Whos in courtroom

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Jury Duty in Australia  01 Introduction to jury

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The problems with jury selection, explained

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The problems with jury selection, explained

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The problems with jury selection, explained

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Juries using social media and the internet

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Juries using social media and the internet

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PDF

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Jurors, social media and the right of the accused to a fair trial

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Jurors, social media and the right of the accused to a fair trial

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Jurors, Social Media and the Right of an Accused to a Fair Trial

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What Is Jury Duty? | Your Role as a Juror

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Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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VCE Legal Studies - Unit 4 AOS2 - Reforms and alternatives to the jury system

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VCE Legal Studies - Unit 4 AOS2 - The operation of the jury system

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Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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VCE Legal Studies - Unit 4 AOS2 - Strengths and weaknesses of the jury system

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VCE Legal Studies - Strengths and Weaknesses of Juries

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VCE Legal Studies - Alternatives to Juries