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What is a superimposition? Give an example of where it could be used in moving image productions

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What is a superimposition? Give an example of where it could be used in moving image productions

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This is the replacement of a video on the top of an already existing video. An example of this would be to conceal something such as when a different face is superimposed over the original face. It is basically where things are overlaid .

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superimposing to show passage of time via memory

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Why might the 180 degree angle be broken? Give an example of where this rule is broken.

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Why might the 180 degree angle be broken? Give an example of where this rule is broken.

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The 180 degree rule may be broken when the film maker wants to extend the moment of breaking free for greater emphasis. Also cutting from one angle to another that are opposites creates contrast and makes for an exciting and dynamic cut.

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What is a freeze frame? Why is it used? Give examples of where freeze frames are used in moving image products

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What is a freeze frame? Why is it used? Give examples of where freeze frames are used in moving image products

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A freeze frame gives the illusion of a still photograph in which the action has ceased. This is usually used at the end of a film to indicate death or ambiguity.

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What is a jump cut? Why is it used? Give examples of where jump cuts are used in moving image products.

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What is a jump cut? Why is it used? Give examples of where jump cuts are used in moving image products.

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A jump cut in film is when its edited where two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. It is used to give the effect of jumping forwards in time.

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What is a split screen? Why is it used? Give examples of where split screen editing is used in moving image products.

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What is a split screen? Why is it used? Give examples of where split screen editing is used in moving image products.

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A split screen is when the audience can see two sides and is a visible division of the screen. This is in several simultaneous images which ruptures the illusion that the screens frame is a seamless view of reality. Its where two scenes are intercut to establish continuity.

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The Perfectionist - Shortfilm [Official Splitscreen HD-Version] ENG SUBS

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"The Perfectionist" was originally designed and produced for screening on three independent monitors. The resulting multi-screen installation offers the audience not only an impressive panorama but also an expanded view of the action. It is less about the simultaneous presentation of different perspectives, but more about staging of interaction and the overall picture of all three monitors.

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Explain and give an example of why continuity editing is sometimes deliberately broken.

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Explain and give an example of why continuity editing is sometimes deliberately broken.

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In film the continuity is sometimes broken on purpose. It means that one of the rules isn't followed and it changes that way the scene looks and feels. An example of this would be a scene from a scene in " the shinning". The start of the scene one of them is on the left of the frame but then in the next shot he is on the right of the scene. This then means the scene has broken the 180 degree rul. This has been done to make the viewer feel uncomfortable as it doesn't look right.

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Kubrick's bravura crossing of the line. Did he plan it this way? Or did he figure this out on set..? Masterly. And what amazing performances. I wrote a blog about the infamous 'line' here: https://karelspeaksout.wordpress.com/2014/10/28/crossing-the-line/ Now go see the film again! ;-)

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What is a montage, why is it used? Give an example of where we see montages in moving image products.

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What is a montage, why is it used? Give an example of where we see montages in moving image products.

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A montage is where things get edited together to form a continuous whole. It is a technique of selecting , editing and piecing together separate sections of film. Montages are used to make the audience know what's happening. They are used to inform an audience.

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Alternative editing styles

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What is a wipe? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a wipe used in a moving image product.

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What is a wipe? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a wipe used in a moving image product.

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A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by moving from one side of a frame to another.

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What is a fade? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a fade used in a moving image product.

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What is a fade? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a fade used in a moving image product.

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A fade is used to describe a transition to and from a blank image. This Is to keep the continuity flowing.

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What is a dissolve? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a dissolve used in a moving image product.

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What is a dissolve? Why is it used? Give an example of where we see a dissolve used in a moving image product.

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A dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. It is used to change from scene to scene.

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Citizen Kane - dissolve transition between two scenes

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Explain what a shot-Reverse-Shot, why is it used? Give an example of where a shot-reverse-shot is used in a moving image product.

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Explain what a shot-Reverse-Shot, why is it used? Give an example of where a shot-reverse-shot is used in a moving image product.

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A shot reverse - shot is a film technique where a character is shown looking at another character and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.

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 Explain what an Eyeline Match is and give an examples of an Eyeline match in a moving image product.

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 Explain what an Eyeline Match is and give an examples of an Eyeline match in a moving image product.

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An eyeline match is a film editing technique associated with continuity editing system. It is used so that the audience can see what the character is seeing. An example of this could be when two people are arguing and it cuts to a close up of one of the characters face for a second showing the emotion and then cuts back on to both of them.

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Explain what a cutaway is? Why it is used? Give an example of where a cutaway is used in a moving image product.

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Explain what a cutaway is? Why it is used? Give an example of where a cutaway is used in a moving image product.

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A cutaway shot is when the shot is interrupted by a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else which is then followed back to a cut of the first shot. for example , when in a film and somebody is shown about to do something stupid it will cut away from the action and then cut back to it to show the audience the aftermath.

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Explain what an Action Match is and give an examples of an Action match in a moving image product.

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Explain what an Action Match is and give an examples of an Action match in a moving image product.

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Cutting on action is where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches first shots action. It connects two different views of the same action. An example of an action match would be when somebody is talking or arguing with somebody then it turns to there point of view and shows the same thing which is going on.

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What is a cut? Why is it used? Give an example of a classic cut in a moving image product.

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What is a cut? Why is it used? Give an example of a classic cut in a moving image product.

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A cut is a transition from one sequence to another. This is to help it flow and go straight on to different scenes.

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Continuity editing

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Explain what cutting to the beat is and why it is used in this video.

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Explain what cutting to the beat is and why it is used in this video.

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Cutting to the beat is a video editing technique where the editors change the shot on the beat of the song. This helps maintain the pace of the song and create rhythm. Cutting to the beat has been used In this video as its rap so each scene will go off quickly. This is to help maintain the video and the pace in which it is going.

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Watch the clip , why do you think editing has been used in this way? Discuss the 180 degree rule and why it is used in this clip.

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Watch the clip , why do you think editing has been used in this way? Discuss the 180 degree rule and why it is used in this clip.

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The 180 degree rule is a cinematography guideline that states that the two characters in a scene should maintain the same relationship to one another. It has been used in this interview so the audience can see both people in the shots as it is an interview it will keep switching cameras to the person that's talking. The editing has been done like this to give the audience a better view of the interview.

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(Full) Harry Styles on the Graham Norton Show 2017

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Explain why football matches are edited into short highlight packages.

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Explain why football matches are edited into short highlight packages.

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They are edited into these short highlight packages to show the best bits from every match that has played in that  day so its like a 90 minute match put into a 5 minute match showing all the most interesting parts.

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England 2-0 Lithuania (2018 World Cup Qualifier) | Official Highlights

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Labor Day and Five Years Later 6x10 | Pretty Little Liars

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Alison sees the girls off to university and we get a sneak peek of life after rosewood... maybe. I don't own anything.

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Example of a flash back and a flash forward. 

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Example of a flash back and a flash forward. 

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This is used in a TV series called pretty little liars quite a lot.  It jumps back in the past a lot when any of the characters are telling a story. It also does a flash forward at the very end of one of the episodes and cuts straight to a completely different day.

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beginning scene from episode 1 pilot pretty little liars season 1.

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Explain why flashbacks and flash forwards are used in film/TV and give examples.

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Explain why flashbacks and flash forwards are used in film/TV and give examples.

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A flashback is used as an interjected scene which takes the story back in time from the current part in the narrative. Flashbacks are usually used to recount events which had usually happened before the story's primary events to fill in a crucial back story. A flash-forward is used to temporarily take the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story. It is used to show to the audience  what is going to happen in the future to that character.

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 Why has the director chosen to speed up the editing in this clip? -

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 Why has the director chosen to speed up the editing in this clip? -

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The director has chosen to speed this scene up to make it seem more realistic. It is done so the audience understands how fast the game is and gives it more effect. It is also done so that particular scene doesn't drag on for to long.

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Twilight base ball game scene [high quality]

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Slow motion is used in this clip as its an action film and they are fighting. Slow motion makes a scene more dramatic. Also using slow motion highlights the important parts in the film in order to draw the audiences attention to its significance. As this is a fight , it is a key moment so slow motion is used.

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Matrix Reloaded Neo fighting in slow motion HD

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Purpose

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What is linear and Non linear editing (Discuss continuity and alternative editing)

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What is linear and Non linear editing (Discuss continuity and alternative editing)

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Linear editing is tape to tape editing and it was popular in the early days of video production. in 1990 non-linear editing computers became available. This became easier for people to edit. Soon linear editing was out grown. Continuity is the maintenance of continuous action in various scenes of a film or broadcast. It is the presence of a complete flow which will work well with non-linear editing as it can be edited to flow nicely. Alternative editing is different ways in which the film can be edited.

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Explain what multi camera editing is and how editing on the fly can prove useful in the TV industry?

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Explain what multi camera editing is and how editing on the fly can prove useful in the TV industry?

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Multi camera editing is when you shoot the same scene using more than one camera and then try to edit the multiple cameras footage together. A lot of soap operas and reality tv use multi cam editing. Editing on the fly can prove useful in the industry as it means you'll be able to edit a lot quicker. Using this method involves trimming from the keyboard

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 Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining. 

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 Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining. 

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A film splicer is used to physically separate together lengths of photographic films. It is mainly used in motion films.

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The different sizes in film where 16mm which was a cheap and low quality type of film reel and it was often used for home videos. Another size of film was the 35mm which was a lot more expensive and more commonly used in the cinema industry. However it was very dangerous in the early years as it was extremely flammable.

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Who was Melies, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

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Who was Melies, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

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The films Melies produced where films such as 'A trip to the moon' which was produced in 1902 which was a pioneer and 'The voyage across the impossible' which was produced in 1904 and also 'The 400 ticks of the devil' which was produced in 1906.  These films included editing techniques such as , special effects and fades which where made by using surreal editing where techniques have been used to create disorientating or dream like sequences.

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Who was Porter, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

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Who was Porter, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

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The films Porter produced where films such as , 'The great train robbery' which was produced in 1903. 'Lydia Gilmore' which was produced in  1915 and 'The prince and the pauper' which was produced in 1915 and a lot more. All these films where early examples of continuity editing. Continuity editing is where shots are cut together to create a narrative or a story that the audience can then follow

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Discuss the type of machine used to edit, early cinema footage

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Discuss the type of machine used to edit, early cinema footage

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The type of machine used to edit early cinema footage was called the " Moviola machine" it was a device that allows a film editor to view a film while editing. It was the first machine for motion picture editing.

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Discuss their earliest films and the editing techniques used in these films.

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Discuss their earliest films and the editing techniques used in these films.

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Two of their earliest films are , L'arrivee d'un Train a La ciotat which was made in 1896 and another called Tables turned on the gardener which was made In 1885. The editing techniques used in these films where filming at a speed of 16 frames per second as they invented a  Cinématographe which was much smaller than Edisons Kinetoscope. This meant that less film was used and also the clatter and grinding associated with Edisons device was reduced. They made a short film of a train coming out of the station and would shoot this footage until the film ran out and would then screen it in a cinema without editing it or adding and additional effects.

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The Lumiere brothers which were named , Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean where among the first filmmakers in history. They had a very creative mind and created films such as , L'Arrivee d'un Train a La ciotat which became very popular back in the early days of cinema.

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What editing techniques were used in this early form of cinema?

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What editing techniques were used in this early form of cinema?

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In the early form of cinema there wasn't much editing techniques used apart from a technique called 'in camera editing' it involved just stopping the camera on what was being filmed.

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Carmencita: Spanish Dance, Filmed by Thomas Edison 03/1894

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The film shows Carmencita in a solo dance performance. Additional footage shows a boat as it was pulled up a swift stream and several boats as they came down the stream. The film also captures Japanese on a bridge near town. The Carmencita dance is the oldest film in the National Archives motion pictures holding.

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Research and give two examples of films used with a kinetoscope

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Research and give two examples of films used with a kinetoscope

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Monkeyshines- This film was created by Thomas Edison which was recorded between June 1889 and November 1890 which was filmed in the US.
Carmencita- This film was was directed and produced by William K.L Dickson and was created in 1884.

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Kinetoscopes where used for early films which didn't used any editing techniques. This was because there was no technology to do this with. Early video could only be seen by one person at a time by using inventions such as Kinetoscopes

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Explain what material was used in the early days of cinema.

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Explain what material was used in the early days of cinema.

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At the end of 1800 celluloid film and the invention of cameras which could only capture moving sequence images which became available. This was the material which was used in the early days of cinema.