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Specialised cells - tissues - organs - systems

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Class_01_8SCI_T1_Wk4_dy1 From cells to systems

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Class_01_8SCI_T1_Wk4_dy1 From cells to systems

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Plant, animal or fungal cells; bacteria and protists
specialised cells

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I have collated some of  the ppts from Term 1 below, to assist with your revision.  These were all accessible via the FileExchange throughout this semester and you should already have been reviewing your own notes, plus the textbook, for Term 1 material.

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I have collated some of  the ppts from Term 1 below, to assist with your revision.  These were all accessible via the FileExchange throughout this semester and you should already have been reviewing your own notes, plus the textbook, for Term 1 material.

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NOTE the majority of the exam marks will be for work covered during TERM 2.

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A submarine must control it's buoyancy to float at different depths in the ocean - this link explains how
http://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-does-a-submarine-work-2

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Shell diagrams showing electrons (protons and neutrons of nucleus are not shown)

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Labelled according to the shorter '8 Groups' learnt during this unit

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The PERIODIC TABLE is arranged according to CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of the ELEMENTS

Each ELEMENT has a UNIQUE POSITION in the periodic table, determined by the ATOMIC NUMBER (number of PROTONS / number of ELECTRONS for a NEUTRAL ATOM)

Each element in a GROUP has similar CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Going down a group, elements INCREASE IN MASS due to having LARGER NUCLEI (protons + neutrons).

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Substances exist in DIFFERENT STATES (solid, liquid, gas).             The behaviour  of each state may be explained by PARTICLE THEORY

There are another  3 states of matter which are not part of Year 8 work: plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate, Fermionic condensate

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How many protons, neutrons and electrons (p269)

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How many protons, neutrons and electrons (p269)

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You should test yourself with the Unit Review questions p270 onward

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This illustrates how changes of state relate to particle theory, temperature, kinetic energy and pressure (eg. if you put a gas under pressure you can change it to a liquid - such as bottled gas for a BBQ)

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Here is a short video explaining density:
https://youtu.be/zlkpZZW29b0
Here are links to density problems:

Example problems: http://serc.carleton.edu/mathyouneed/density/densitysp.html

CHALLENGE YOURSELF: http://www.algebralab.org/practice/practice.aspx?file=word_density.xml

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This ppt is animated so you can check your knowledge before revealing answers

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Diagram of an atom p268

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Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.

-Albert Einstein

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Image result for organellesAn organelle is a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell. Organelles are embedded within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In the more complex eukaryotic cells, organelles are often enclosed by their own membrane.

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Image result for organellesAn organelle is a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell. Organelles are embedded within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. In the more complex eukaryotic cells, organelles are often enclosed by their own membrane.

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There are 3 sub-atomic particles which make up an atom:
PROTONS - POSITIVE CHARGE, MASS = 1
NEUTRONS - NEUTRAL CHARGE,
MASS = 1
ELECTRONS - NEGATIVE CHARGE, MASS = tiny (effectively 0)

NUCLEUS = PROTONS and NEUTRONS

AROUND the nucleus = SHELLS of ELECTRONS

USE the PERIODIC TABLE to find:

ATOMIC NUMBER (number of PROTONS) the same as the number of ELECTRONS for a neutral atom

MASS NUMBER (total number of PROTONS plus NEUTRONS)

SUBTRACT the ATOMIC NUMBER from the MASS NUMBER to find the NUMBER of NEUTRONS

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I prepared this for Yr9. It includes things you do not need to know yet (ions and isotopes).
It includes some Yr8 material, about atomic number , mass number, protons, neutrons, electrons, electron shells (up to about 5mins into the preso)

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WORD and FORMULAE writing of CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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WORD and FORMULAE writing of CHEMICAL REACTIONS

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You should be able to recognise word equations that match formula equations for chemical reactions

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p215

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PARTICLE THEORY to explain SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES

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PARTICLE THEORY to explain SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES

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(p214)

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ALL SUBSTANCES are made up of ATOMS

In a CHEMICAL REACTION atoms are not gained or lost during the process (Law of CONSERVATION OF MATTER), but they are REARRANGED

That is why CHEMICAL EQUATIONS ARE BALANCED

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Here is a short stop motion illustrating the principle of balancing equations.

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p207

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PHYSICAL CHANGE is when the particles (atoms/molecules) of a substance STAY THE SAME, but the substance may change shape/volume (eg. expand), change state (eg. liquid to solid) or mix with another substance (eg. dissolving sugar in water)

CHEMICAL CHANGE is when the atoms/molecules of a substance CHANGE TO FORM A NEW SUBSTANCE (eg. hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water)

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DENSITY is a measure of HOW MUCH MASS IN A CERTAIN VOLUME
A substance with particles close together has higher density than if those particles are further apart.

BUOYANCY is affected by DENSITY Think of a hot air balloon - heating the air makes the air molecules further apart (the air expands)
HOT AIR is LESS DENSE than COLDER AIR - so the balloon FLOATS

ICE FLOATS on water because the water molecules in ice are a bit further apart than in liquid water (a special property of water).
See p226

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Remember the demonstration - building a 'liquid tower, with  30% salt water, 40% ethanol and vegetable oil?
The liquids formed in layers, according to their density:
SALT WATER (1.2 g/cm3); 40% ETHANOL (0.95 g/cm3); OIL (0.92 g/cm3)
The ice cubes floated at different positions, depending on whether they were  pure water (density 0.93 g/cm3) or 20% salt water (density 1.15g/cm3)

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Hydrogen + Oxygen = Water
[ENERGY RELEASED]

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BOARD from DENSITY/BUOYANCY/  SUBLIMATION DEMO

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BOARD from DENSITY/BUOYANCY/  SUBLIMATION DEMO

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Click on picture to enlarge. This may help with your report writing homework

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Science is about inquiry........