# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uploaded by Justin Dunton on 2017-06-09.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Uploaded by Justin Dunton on 2017-06-09.

# data[].attributes.body
Eyeline matches with two people talking to each other.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Citizen Kane - dissolve transition between two scenes

# data[].attributes.body
Cutaway of two people talking on the phone and cuts to both of them.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
days of future past quicksilver kitchen scene

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Quicksilver Kitchen Scene | X-Men Days of Future Past (2014) | 4K ULTRA HD

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
No copyright infringement intended. FAIR USE. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research.

# data[].attributes.body
It isn't real but it's a perfect example of 80's freeze frames.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
80s Freeze-Frame Endings: THE LORD OF THE RINGS

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Call of Duty®: Black Ops III Splitscreen

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Domination Havoc 4 player splitscreen Bot Regular Call of Duty®: Black Ops III https://store.playstation.com/#!/en-my/tid=CUSA03005_00

# data[].attributes.body
One of the most popular film montages.

# data[].attributes.body
There are fades in nearly every cut, it fades to black. They use that fading in cuts, it's to give suspense and to show that this is a horror film. They slow down some scenes, so it gives this dramatic effect. There is an eyeline match in a shot where the door cracks and her mother is looking at it then it jumps to what she is looking, the cracked door. There are quick jump cuts because they want to go to the next scene quickly and to give suspense. They used these highlights from the film to show the story and the horror aspect of it. It's common in horror film trailer to show some story elements and the rest of the trailer is horror and supernatural things from the movie.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Carrie - Official Trailer #1 (HD) Chloe Moretz (2013)

# data[].attributes.body
Superimposition is where the placement of one footage or shot over another. It is transition between scenes. It's mainly been used in moving image products. They use it to mach a face or jump to another scene. Someone could be looking outside and the shot is on the persons face it could jump to another scene with a shot of another persons face and the faces on the scenes would match. Old movies used this technique as well. It transitioned from close up to someone to a street or a landscape shot.

# data[].attributes.body
It is where they freeze the frame. It is an editing technique that can be done in multiple ways. They can do the freeze the frame and narrate over technique. They do that so the narrater can move the story forward, talk about that specific shot or give information to the audience. It's mostly used for breaking the fourth wall. Which is where the main character or any character talks to the audience. They can also use freeze frame in a stylish way like the Quicksilver scenes in X-Men: Days of Future Past and X-Men: Apocalypse. In the movies, because he is super fast, he can stop the actions people and they freeze frame for that. They froze everyone apart Quicksilver. This technique is more for stylish purposes.

# data[].attributes.body
Lets say two people are talking to each other, person a and person b. Lets put person a on left and person b on the right. When they start filming they film person a looking right and person b looking left, they do this so the audience can tell that the characters are in a conversation. So this is called 180 degree rule. If they put shots in between the other conversation shots where person a on the right side looking left and person b on the left side looking right, this breaks the 180 degree rule.

# data[].attributes.body
Jump Cut is an editing technique where a scene has been edited to add speed to the action. It shows the passing of time. For example, a person would be searching something in a room. They would film the whole scene but they would edit out the walking bits and they would show the main bits. So it would look like it has been filmed separately but it's actually not, it has been filmed in one take.

# data[].attributes.body
Split screen is a technique that uses two or multiple scenes in one screen, usually splitted the screen in half. The main reason they use split screen is to show two or multiple characters actions at the same time. One popular example would be 'Charlie Puth - We Don't Talk Anymore' music video. Games use this technique as well, especially shooting games like Call of Duty, where you have two players in one screen.

# data[].attributes.body
Sometimes continuity editing is deliberately broken and the only reason is that the director thinks is stylish and different. Most popular examples would be Pulp Fiction and Memento. The continuity on both of these films are broken but both of them are different. Memento continuity goes backwards, not the actually movie but scenes. The beginning of the movie is actually the ending of the movie. Pulp Fiction is different compared to Memento. The continuity is all over the place. There are 7 sequences in the movie. But none of them are in the correct order, like, the opening and the ending sequences suppose to be in the middle of the story. The only explanation to this is that the director wanted to make the movie stylish and unique.

# data[].attributes.body
Montage is an editing technique where a series of scenes or shots are edited to save time. It is a good way to give information quickly. In films they would use this technique to tell push the story forward or quickly show the unimportant parts. For example, in a moving image product a character could say I'm going to a party and the party scene with the character is irrelevant to the story, so they would do a montage where it would have multiple shots edited to show the character having fun in a short. On social media they use this technique as well, especially YouTube. Where they would show there or the products best things or moments.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Every Wipe Transition in Star Wars Ep. IV - A New Hope

# data[].attributes.body
Wipe is an editing technique where one shot or picture replaces another shot by going one side of the frame to another. Most popular example in moving şmage products is Star Wars. Star Wars uses wipes to transition between one scene to another. They also use this mainly in photo slideshows.

# data[].attributes.body
As I said in dissolve, fades are editing techniques that can transition between two scenes. But unlike dissolve, fades can end the movie or the video.

# data[].attributes.body
Dissolve is an editing technique that transitions between two scenes. In this editing technique they also use fade-outs and fade-ins. It's basically where a scene fades to black or a blank scene fades to the normal scene. In the past it was commonly used where a group of people or someone would be walking a long road and it would show them or the person walking the road, it dissolve. But now moving image products don't really use this technique. We can say that the best example is YouTube. There are a lot of videos on YouTube that uses dissolves.

# data[].attributes.body
Shot-Reverse-Shot is a film technique where a person is looking at another person and the other person is looking back at them. These actions happen in separate shots. Because they are facing opposite directions, the audience will tell that they looking at each other or they are in conversation. In moving image products it's mainly used in characters having a conversation in a cafe. It is most popular example out of all.

# data[].attributes.body
It's where a person is looking at something off-screen, then it jumps to the thing that the person is looking at. The audience will want to see what the person is looking at. They mainly use it in scenes where a person is looking at something and then they cut to another scene, so the editors do this because they want the audience to wonder what the person is looking at. They use this at the end of episodes in some TV show to have a cliffhanger.

# data[].attributes.body
It's a cut that shows a view of something else but at the same time holding the continuity with the main scene. For example, it was commonly used in old horror films, a person would cut someones arm it would show someone holding the the knife in the air or whatever that person is cutting the arm with, then a close up of the person swinging it, then it would show the other persons arm on the floor. The most popular moving image product that uses cutaway is Family Guy, the show uses cutaway gags as humour.

# data[].attributes.body
Action match editing technique is where the editor cuts from one shot from another and the edited scene matches the first shots action. For example, a person opens the car door from inside of the car, as soon as the person opens the door it jumps to wide shot where we see the person opening the door and getting out of it.

# data[].attributes.body
A cut is a transition from one scene to an another. They use it cuts in moving image products because it makes the the product move with the story and the story is made with scenes. It's easier to watch and the product flows better. One of the most popular cuts is a cross cut. It's where a scene jumps to another scene, the reason they do this cut is to show other actions going on in the product.

# data[].attributes.body
They edit this music video so it syncs with the beat. Most of the music videos do that, so it gives it up beat mood to it. Some of the music video might cut it so it makes sense with lyrics.

# data[].attributes.body
They used multi camera editing on this show. They filmed the whole thing and edited while filing it with switching the views from the cameras around. 180 degree rule is where multiple people should maintain their left/right positioning. Talks shows are the most popular example because someone or more is sitting on the left and some or more on the right and the footage is edited but we can still tell who is sitting where. They used the rule here because it's a talk show. It maintains the left/right relationship with the guests.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
(Full) Harry Styles on the Graham Norton Show 2017

# data[].attributes.body
They edit football matches, they take the most important parts from the match. We call that highlights. One of the reasons they do this, so that people who didn't watch the match can watch this rather than the full 90 minutes. They do use slow-mo to show the action.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
England 2-0 Lithuania (2018 World Cup Qualifier) | Official Highlights

# data[].attributes.body
They speeded up the footage because most of the characters are vampires so it looks like they have superhuman abilities. They use flashbacks and flash forwards in the shows or movies to expand the story, to give it more depth. Most popular example for this is the TV show Arrow. It uses flashbacks to make two stories so the show makes sense and everything fits together.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Twilight base ball game scene [high quality]

# data[].attributes.body
They used slow motion in this clip because they wanted it to look stylish and we can see all the action and what's going on.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Matrix Reloaded Neo fighting in slow motion HD

# data[].attributes.body
Linear editing is in order, it has a continuity. Non linear editing is not in order. For example, movie trailers because they use different parts of the movie to make a trailer.

# data[].attributes.body
This editing technique is where they film the show and edit it at the same time. They edited on the fly. They set multiple cameras in the studio and they film the whole thing and they switch cameras so it looks like it's been edited rather than editing the footages one by one. It's useful because it's easier for the director and the editor to do this technique.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining:

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining:

# data[].attributes.body
In the past they didn't have editing softwares so they used to cut the cells in half or where they thing the scene should end. Then they would join two cells with glue or tape. They used to do this with hand but year later they invented the Moviola Machine, and they started using that machine to edit their films. And now we use editing softwares on computers.

# data[].attributes.body
This is used for high-resolution motion pictures. It has a higher resolution than 35 mm film format. It's mainly used in IMAX films also IMAX 3D films. At the time VHS and DVD's couldn't handle the resolution so they made Blu-ray's. This film format has 24 frames per second.

# data[].attributes.body
This is the most popular film format because it's used for motion pictures. It is 16 frames per second and compered to other film formats (not including 70 mm) it was more expensive and it had better quality. That's why it's been used for motion pictures. And it's highly flammable.

# data[].attributes.body
It was introduced by the Pathé Frères in 1912. This film format was not flammable like the 35 mm film. After World War I, 28 mm films stopped in Europe but it continued in North America until 1920. Later 9.5 mm film and 16 mm took the place of 28mm films as the new amateur film format.

# data[].attributes.body
They were created by splitting unperforated 35 mm film. It was mainly used in World War II because the 35 mm film was too expansive.

# data[].attributes.body
In history it was the most popular film format because it was cheap. It had a low quality and they mainly used it for non-theatrical films and low budget home videos. It was introduced by the Eastman Kodak company in 1923. It was the amateur alternative to 35 mm film format.

# data[].attributes.body
Like 8 mm films, 9.5 films are amateur film formats. It was introduced by Pathé Frères in 1922. It was part of the Pathé Baby amateur film system

# data[].attributes.body
8 mm Film: There is two versions of 8 mm film. Standard 8 and Super 8.
- Standard 8: It's also known as regular 8. It was developed, during the Great Depression,  by the Eastman Kodak company and it was released to the market in 1932. They wanted to create a home format that was less expensive than 16 mm film. It allows filming about 3 minutes to 4 minutes at 12, 15, 16 and 18 frames per second.
- Super 8: In 1965, super 8 films were quickly adopted by the amateur directors. Since it's release, it was heavily criticized because super 8 cameras were plastic. To tell the difference between Super 8 and Standard 8 is to check projector spindle holes. Standard 8 had larger spindle holes. It was not possible to use Super 8 films on Standard 8 cameras.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
1904 - The Impossible Voyage - Georges Méliès

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The original French title is Voyage à travers l'impossible. IMDb Page This movie is part of the collection: Silent Films Director: Georges Méliès Producer: Georges Méliès Production Company: Star Film

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Great Train Robbery - World's First Cowboy Western - by Thomas Edison

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Three cowboys hold up the steam train with many people on it, and then proceed to get what they deserve. Edison's movie made in 1903 or 1905. Silent movie. Also one of the very first films for entertainment ever made. Inspired by Scott Marble's play "The Great Train Robbery" (1896).

# data[].attributes.headline
Who was Melies, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

# data[].attributes.subject
Who was Melies, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

# data[].attributes.body
Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès was a filmmaker in the earliest days of cinema. He was born 8 December, 1861 in Paris, France and died on 21 January 1938 (aged 76) in Paris, France. In his films he used special effects, using such techniques as substitution splice, time-lapse photography, multiple exposures, hand painted cells and dissolves. He also used storyboards and he was one of the first filmmakers to use it. His most popular films are 'A Trip to the Moon' (1902) and 'The Impossible Voyage' (1904). Both of the these films were inspired by Jules Verne's stories. They featured hand painted cells. They are considered to be one of the first science fiction films.

# data[].attributes.headline
Who was Porter, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

# data[].attributes.subject
Who was Porter, what films did he produce and what editing techniques did he use and why did he use them?

# data[].attributes.body
Edwin Stanton Porter was a director, producer and a cinematographer for Edison Manufacturing Company and the Famous Players Film Company. He was born on April 21, 1870 in Connellsville, Pennsylvania and died on April 30, 1941 (aged 71) in New York City, New York. His work include 'Life of an American Fireman'  (1902), ' Rescued from an Eagle's Nest'  (1908), but his most famous movie was 'The Great Train Robbery' (1903). The Great Train Robbery was a silent short western movie. Even though it was a western, it was filmed in New Jersey. It was inspired by Scott Marble's 1896 stage play. The movie is considered to be the first American action film and the first western film. It is one of the first films to use the editing technique, cross-cutting. It also featured composite editing and on-location shooting. In some scenes they used hand colouring, this meant that each cell was hand painted.

# data[].attributes.headline
Lumiere Brothers' earliest films and the editing techniques:

# data[].attributes.subject
Lumiere Brothers' earliest films and the editing techniques:

# data[].attributes.body
Their first film was 'Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory' (1895), it was about a bunch of workers, mostly female, leaving a factory.
Their second film was 'L'Arroseur Arrosé' (1895) it was the first earliest known comedy film and it was the first film to have a fictional story. At the time, when they were making movies, they didn't have the Moviola Machine, so Lumiere Brothers used the editing technique of in camera editing. That's where you would stop filming and then start filming the other scene.

# data[].attributes.body
Auguste and Louis Lumière were among the first filmmakers in history. Auguste was born on19 October, 1862 in Besançon and died on 10 April, 1954 (aged 91) in Lyon. Louis was born on 5 October, 1864 in Besançon and died on 6 June 1948 (aged 83) in Bandol. Their first film was the 'Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory' (1895) and it is often referred as the first motion picture ever made but it was pre-dated by Louis Le Prince's Roundhay Garden Scene  (1888).

# data[].attributes.headline
What editing techniques were used in this early form of cinema?:

# data[].attributes.subject
What editing techniques were used in this early form of cinema?:

# data[].attributes.body
They obviously didn't have the technology that we have now so they couldn't edit footage on a computer. Their first editing technique was to edit in camera. So they would film a scene and and then they would stop and film another scene and stop. That was their editing technique. After that they started using celluloids and to edit the footage on celluloids they physically cut celluloids and glue them with the other scenes.They used to do this with hand but they invented the Moviola Machine. It was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924. The machine helped directors edit the footage that they filmed. It shined a light inside so when they put celluloids inside they could see the footage on the celluloids. Before the machine they used to hold the celluloids in air or hold it near a light to see the footage.

# data[].attributes.body
It was directed by William Kennedy Dickson, who, at the was working for Thomas Edison, developed the first functional motion picture camera. It was the first kinetoscope film to be shown in a public exhibition at the Brooklyn Institute on May 9, 1893. It was filmed in Black Maria studio at West Orange, New Jersey.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Blacksmithing Scene (1893)  - Edison Film

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Early silent film produced by W.K.L. Dickinson at the Edison Company in 1893. A stationary camera looks at a large anvil with a blacksmith behind it and one on either side. The smith in the middle draws a heated metal rod from the fire, places it on the anvil, and all three begin a rhythmic hammering.

# data[].attributes.body
Fred Ott's Sneeze was filmed by William Kennedy Dickson in 1894. It was the first motion picture to be copyrighted in the US but prior to 1923, it's copyright has expired. It was filmed in Black Maria studio at West Orange, New Jersey which was the first studio in America.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The classic, the original - one of the first films ever made. In 1896, Fred Ott burst onto our screens with Fred Ott's Sneeze. Watch it! He is also probably the only actor to have an infinite Bacon Number (from 'Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon'), being the only cast member in his two films).

# data[].attributes.body
Before any editing in moving image, they used kinetoscopes to watch mini films. One person at a time, they had to spin the handle to move the images and the images were captured frame by frame, so as the images rolled in good speed they would create a mini film or sequence. People would choose what they wanted to watch. Kinetoscopes were the original YouTube.

# data[].attributes.headline
Explain what material was used in the early days of cinema:

# data[].attributes.subject
Explain what material was used in the early days of cinema:

# data[].attributes.body
Back in the day they used celluloids to capture moving images, then the camera would transfer the filmed material to these celluloids. Celluloids are highly flammable.