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The Vietnam War was a conflict which arose in light of North Vietnam defeating the French Colonial Administration in 1954. North Vietnam went on to fight for a communist nation, which the South disagreed with. The battles were mostly American forces and South Vietnam against North Vietnam and the Viet Cong(South Vietnamese people who joined the North war efforts). The war ultimately resulted in North Vietnam's efforts and goals becoming successful after the U.S. and South Vietnamese forces failed after years of strenuous fighting. The war went on to start in 1955 and lasted until 1975.

Songs from the wartimes

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The Vietnam Center and Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive: Search Results

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Canada's involvement in the Vietnam war is in a support aspect. As Americans became increasingly involved within the conflict over in Vietnam, this piqued the interest of many Canadian troops, who wanted in on the action. Since it was illegal for the Canadians to join as Canadians, they resorted to signing up as American troops, which proved successful, as there were over 30,000 Canadians who served with the United States in combat. They provided supplies as well, such as aircraft, ammunition, napalm, and Agent Orange.

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Canada and the Vietnam War | Artifacts Interview Series

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Canada also provided help in allowing weapons to be tested their land, like Agent Orange, which is a deadly herbicide that the Americans used in combat over in Vietnam. As well, Canada allowed approximately 20,000 American draft dodgers and 12,000 army deserters to flee to Canada, to avoid being drafted. Canada also accepted refugees from Vietnam, taking in approximately 5,600 between 1975-1976, most of which had Canadian relatives. Around 1979, there was an increase in refugees, reaching around 60,000, who were also known as "the boat people".

In depth Agent Orange info

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Although the main war took place in Vietnam, both sides needed help from others to reinforce themselves. North Vietnam and the Viet Cong were pushing the idea of a communist nation onto the rest of Vietnam, whereas South Vietnam was against this and enlisted the help of the Americans for help. Especially after the battle of Ap Bac which was the battle which alerted the United States that they had to have more involvement against the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong after the South Vietnamese forces were defeated by the North.

Impact
The war caused damage in America's economy, with America putting $168 billion into the war efforts. The inflation increased by the growth of the Vietnam as well as the Yom Kippur war caused a significant increase in food costs and oil prices in 1973. Since a portion of American troops were below the legal voting age at the time, they lowered it to 18. Since the Vietnam war was an embarrassing loss, America was much more hesitant to send support overseas for foreign affairs, which is known as "Vietnam Syndrome" or "The Vietnam Effect". An example of this is in Somalia during the Battle of Mogadishu, where American forces were withdrawn due to the death of 18 American servicemen.

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Vietnamese civilians scaling 14ft wall to reach evacuation helicopters. The war ended the next day.

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Bill Ehrhart interviewed by David Hoffman - 1990
When Bill first arrived in Vietnam, he expected to be welcomed by the people, as they were the ones he was helping, but this was not the case. Bill soon realized after seeing the mistreatment of the detainees that these people were "the enemy". The civilians within the villages around him were soon antagonized against the American forces, as they were forced to demolish villages and homes of the civilians after countless sniper and landmine incidents, which proved these villages dangerous. After multiple months in Vietnam, Bill began realizing that the longer they stayed, the more and more the Viet Cong were increasing in population, this is because of how the U.S. forces were destroying the homes of these people, making them enemies. This continued for the duration of Bills time overseas, where he eventually focused on his survival, and going home to freedom to forget about this experience, when he would get put on a plane in Danang and, "Fly away and forget the whole thing". The media at the time, like Time Magazine and the daily newspapers were constantly spreading fake news to the public about the situation in Vietnam.

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Magnificent Storyteller Soldier Reveals What He Saw In Vietnam

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-Battle of la Drang Valley(Oct. 26 -- Nov. 27   1965)
The Battle of la Drang Valley, Southern Vietnam, was the battle which defined the tactics of both sides for the remainder of the war. La Drang was the first large meet of the United States against the North Vietnamese and was a two-part, bloody battle.

-Tet Offensive(Jan. 30 -- Mar 28    1968)
The Tet Offensive was a series of surprise attacks by the North Vietnamese against the 100+ South Vietnamese cities on the first day of Tet, which is the Vietnamese New Year. The attacks were momentarily successful, however the United States quickly regained lost ground. This was huge loss for the North Vietnamese, however they were victorious in creating uncertainty within the South Vietnamese and American forces for the outcome of the war.

-Battle of Khe Sanh(Jan. 21  --Apr. 9   1968)
The battle of Khe Sanh was one of the longest battles of the Vietnam war and lasted 77 days. The battle was caused by the Peoples Army of Vietnam(PAVN) bombarding the U.S. garrison. Later on, the U.S. forces had to retreat due to pressure from the opposing forces. Resulted in heavy casualties.

-Battle of Hue(Jan. 31 -- Feb. 28   1968)
The battle of Hue was also one of the longest battles, as well as one of the bloodiest. The city of Hue was important to U.S. forces because of the highway that ran through it which was a supply line and Hue was a base for navy supply boats. Although Hue was important, it was poorly defended against the Viet Cong and PAVN, but U.S. forces fought intensely to drive them out of the city. The city of Hue was left destroyed and in ruins, causing approximately 5,000 civilian deaths in the process.

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-Colt 1911
The Colt 1911 pistol was a very useful weapon during the Vietnam war, especially in the jungle terrain where close combat was imminent. It was originally manufactured after the Philippine-American war in 1903, where they need a more efficient weapon for the dense jungle terrain and close combat. The gun was also used in WWI, WWII, and the Korean War. The gun was semi-automatic, magazine fed, and was chambered for the .45 ACP cartridge.

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-Patton 48 tanks
The Patton 48 tanks were the only tanks usable in the Vietnam war due to the jungle terrain and how maneuverable the tanks were. They were useful in the jungle to clear trees and plants, fitted with bulldozer plates on the front, they ended up using over 600 of the Patton 48 tanks in combat during the Vietnam war.

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-M102 Howitzer
The M102 howitzer artillery weapons were useful in shorter range which minimized the Viet Cong from "hugging" which was a close combat tactic to neutralize American firepower.

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-M16 rifles
The M16 rifles are a revolutionary infantry weapon which went on to influence modern hunting guns like the semi-automatic AR-15 rifle. The M14 was the first gun they armed the American army with in Vietnam, but it was soon upgraded to the more efficient M16.

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-M-61 grenades
M-61 grenades were used in WWII and were later used in the Vietnam war as well. There were many variants of grenades used, such as chemical grenades which were filled with white phosphorus to clear out areas, offensive types, and defensive types.

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Mon, et al. “7 Important Weapons Used By the United States in the Vietnam War.” 7 Important Weapons Used By the United States in the Vietnam War | Small Wars Journal, smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/7-important-weapons-used-by-the-united-states-in-the-vietnam-war.

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“The Vietnam Center and Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive: Virtual Vietnam Archive.” Vietnam Center & Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive, 23 Oct. 2013, www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/ .

“The Vietnam Center and Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive: Search Results.” Vietnam Center & Sam Johnson Vietnam Archive, 23 Oct. 2013, www.vietnam.ttu.edu/virtualarchive/items.php?item=000AU0019 .

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“The Vietnam War: Canada's Role, Part One | CBC Radio.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 23 Apr. 2015, www.cbc.ca/radio/rewind/the-vietnam-war-canada-s-role-part-one-1.3038110 .

Russell, Shahan. “The Vietnam War: 11 Major Battles.” WAR HISTORY ONLINE, 13 June 2017, www.warhistoryonline.com/vietnam-war/top-11-battles-vietnam-war-x.html#:~:text=The%20Vietnam%20War%3A%2011%20Major%20Battles.%201%201.,5%205.%20Battle%20of%20Khe%20Sanh.%20More%20items .

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