# data[].attributes.body
"An extreme version of collectivism was instituted... The North Korean Workers’ Party determined residence, educational opportunities, occupations and work sites for the citizenry, largely based on calculations of loyalty toward the Kim regime. A Public Distribution System that dispensed food and clothing according to social class ranking and occupation replaced salaries and wages... Private selling of goods and services was prohibited. The regime re-instituted the feudalistic “guilt-by-association” three-generation collective punishment system for political opposition or deviance."

# data[].attributes.body
"Chosun dynasty feudal practices were revived and incorporated into the Stalinist system bequeathed to North Korea by the Soviet Union including a return to “hermit kingdom” self-styled isolation, prohibiting travel abroad and rigorously excluding foreign influence in order to develop a distinctive and unique Korean political culture."

# data[].attributes.body
"According to Hwang Jang-yop, the highest
level North Korean official to defect to South Korea, the “total control zones” were established after 1956 for the “purged factionalists.”

# data[].attributes.body
"The Soviets had tasked Kim Il-sung... with forming the Korean Workers’ Party out of various ethnic Korean members within the Chinese, Japanese or Russian communist parties... However, following the Korean War (1950–53), Kim instituted a series of intense purges within the communist Korean Workers’ Party."

# data[].attributes.body
"Kim Il-sung’s drive for political power and his earliest plans for Korea were initially challenged by political parties affiliated with two popular religions in Korea...Kim suppressed
these rival, non-communist, nationalist political parties through the arrests and executions of Protestant and Chondokyo leaders"

# data[].attributes.body
"After Japan’s defeat in WWII and the end of Japanese colonial rule in Korea, Kim Il-sung, under Soviet tutelage, instituted what is usually termed a “national democratic revolution” in Korea north of the 38th parallel.

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Children, usually brought in by their parents, are offered "limited instruction in basic literacy and very basic math"

# data[].attributes.body
"Backbreaking agricultural, mining or manufacturing labor is usually performed twelve or more hours per day, seven days per week, with only one day of rest per month and on the three national holidays such as New Year’s Day, and Kim Il-sung’s and Kim Jong-il’s birthdays."

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"The prisoners are covered in dirt from the infrequency of bathing privileges, and marked by physical deformities: hunched backs, from years of bent-over agricultural work in the absence of sufficient protein and calcium in the diet; and missing toes and fingers, from frostbite; and missing hands, or arms or legs, from work accidents. "

# data[].attributes.body
"Prisoners are driven by hunger to eat, if they
can get it (and avoid being caught) anything
remotely edible: plants, grass, bark, rats, snakes,
the food-stuffs of the labor camp farm animals."

# data[].attributes.body
The Standard  Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners are greatly ignored and abused by the prison camp systems in North Korea.

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"...those citizens who are to be deprived of their liberty are not... informed of their offense...or tried in any sort of judicial procedure.  The presumed offender is simply picked up, taken to an interrogation facility and frequently tortured to “confess” before being deported to the political penal-labor colony. The family members are also picked up and deported."

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"The three-generation guilt-by-association is a revival of feudal penal practices associated with the five-hundred-year-old Chosun dynasty (1392–1897). The practice was discontinued in the early twentieth century following the collapse of the dynasty, but, as is described below, was revived by Kim Il-sung after the Korean War along with other feudal Korean practices such as dynastic succession and extreme ideological orthodoxy."

# data[].attributes.body
The perceived or suspected wrongdoers and wrong-thinkers and up to three generations of their extended families are apprehended... and forcibly deported to...[political penal forced-labor facilities], without any judicial
process or legal recourse..., usually for lifetime isolation and punishment comprised of hard labor in mining, timber-cutting, farming..."etc

# data[].attributes.body
Prisoners include Christian religious believers and orthodox Marxist Leninist Workers’ Party members, as well as large numbers of apolitical citizens who ran afoul of the many rules and regulations put in place to achieve and enforce the unity of heart and mind between the populace and the “Great Leader” Kim Il-sung, and his dynastic successors.

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"Wrong-class background includes those who had been aristocratic landowners or otherwise privileged bourgeoisie during the Japanese colonial regime in Korea."

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“Wrong-association is being part of a family whose husband, father or grandfather had collaborated with the Japanese occupation of Korea, or who was a Presbyterian elder or deacon, or part of a family whose patriarch was part of a purged faction of the Korean Workers’ Party, or who was suspected of supporting South Korea during the Korean War or having subsequently defected to South Korea.”

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“example of wrong-knowledge was the
exposure to and knowledge about capitalist prosperity, democracy and civil liberties in Japan by ethnic Koreans who “repatriated” to the DPRK in the 1960s to build socialism in the Korean fatherland, but found Kim Il-sung’s version of totalitarian socialism not what they had imagined”

# data[].attributes.body
“Imagined or perceived wrong-thinking includes expressing or supporting ideas at variance with the official ideology”

# data[].attributes.body
“Imagined or perceived wrong-doing can include being on the “wrong” or losing side of a bureaucratic, factional, or political dispute within the Korean Workers’ Party, skipping too many of the compulsory ideological education classes all North Koreans are required to attend, defacing or failing to take adequate care of photographic images of Kim Il-sung, complaining about conditions, expressing criticism of regime policies, or leaving the country without permission, and in particular, meeting South Koreans while outside North Korea."

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"deviants deported to and imprisoned in the labor camps include persons suspected of wrong-doing, wrong-thinking, wrong-knowledge, wrong-association, or wrong-class-background"