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The Crusades - Pilgrimage or Holy War?: Crash Course World History #15

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Sarika, Natasha, and Cody

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After the Roman Empire fell, Christianity grew more popular among the population. Constantine ended persecution against Christians, and allowed Christians to practice their religion freely. During the Middle Ages, Christianity was the dominant religion during that time. Christianity dominated the lives of both Serfs and Nobles.

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The Crusades were a series of pilgrimages to reconquer the Holy Land. It first started when Pope Urban II ordered the Crusades or "The Holy War" to gain control over the Holy Land of Jerusalem. Although they were successful in getting Jerusalem back during the First Crusade, it fell quickly after the Crusaders returned to Europe. Having heard that the Muslim Turks had captured the Holy Land, the Second Crusade began in which the Crusaders freed Jerusalem once again from Muslim rule. However during the remaining Crusades, the Muslims would once again capture Jerusalem, but the Crusaders would fail to completely reconquer their Holy Lands during these final attempts. By the end of the Fourth Crusade, the purpose of these "Holy Wars" changed and it was used to declare war against those who fought for power against the Roman Catholic Church. In 1198 Pope Innocent III changed the purpose of the Crusades when he declared war against the city of Constantinople. After the Fourth Crusade, the crusaders would have completely conquered and looted the Byzantine Empire's capital.

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Monasteries were buildings where people lived and prayed to god. People who lived in monasteries were called monks. Each monastery was formed to become an independent, self-sufficient community of monks and religious officials. The first type of monastery formed under the Benedictine Rule. Monks provided education to the rest of the world, and they also wrote and recorded events. If it weren't for the monks who wrote the books, we wouldn't have known much about the Middle Ages. Medieval monks were religious individuals who gave up their daily lives to work under the strict routines and discipline inside a Medieval monastery. The reasons people chose to become monks during the middle ages were to devote life to god, live in a secure place, escape from violence, and live a peaceful life.

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The popes had the most power during the Middle Ages. The popes were the heads of the Churches. The king had the second most power after the pope. The popes were the central figures of power and influence. Feudalism was the form of government during the Middle Ages. The amount of political power someone had depended on the class status in the feudal system.

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The Roman Catholic Church was believed to be the ones who decided whether an individual went to heaven or hell. The church taught the people that horrors awaited in Hell. 10% of the people's yearly earnings went to the church. The churches were paid for performing services like marriages, baptism, and burial. The people funded and planned the instructions of more churches and cathedrals for the Roman Catholic Church.