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- Steamships and railroads were used to transport products
- By 1860, about 10,000 miles of railroad spread across the southern states
- Hundreds of steamboats moved southern crops to the north and to European markets

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- Developed their own communities
-visits from friends were  a major social event
- The best educated in the colonies were the sons of planters.

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- Based on agriculture
- Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane and indigo were grown in great quantities
- reasons giving the south reason to be against tariffs

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- Most southerners lived on spread out farms
- Industries and towns developed slower than the north
- Only a few cities developed as trading centers

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- Made up of Europeans and Slaves
- By 1860, population was 12 million
- 1/3 of the people were slaves

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-slow moving, navigable rivers
- Cities and ports near rivers
- Fertile soil

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- Warm summers
- Mild Winter
- Heavy rainfall