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Situation of Native Americans in The US - Mahija Yisu Anthony Kelvin Gabriel

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Situation of Native Americans in The US - Mahija Yisu Anthony Kelvin Gabriel

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Native Americans have always been one of the most disadvantaged social group in The US, they have chronically lived in poverty, they has less income, lower education level, and the high unemployment compares to national average. Historically, more than 300,000 Native Americans lost their lives in the American Indian war, many of them massacred; Native Americans also was forced to live in reservations and their children sent to boarding schools cause they are considered lesser race. Today, the prejudice against Native Americans has became a part of the systematic social injustice, cases can be find in the American justice system, healthcare system and an almost innate prejudice view in the majority of public which will be hard to eradicate.

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Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire (Zhanna, Marwa, Aliyah, Ose)

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Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire (Zhanna, Marwa, Aliyah, Ose)

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Armenian genocide happened during the period from the spring of 1915 to the autumn of 1916. This is a campaign of forced deportation and mass killing conducted against the Armenian in the Ottoman Empire by the Young Turk government. The number of victims varies from 664 thousand to 1.2 million.

Armenian Christians were one of the many significant ethnic groups in the Ottoman Empire. In the late 1880s, some Armenians created political organizations. Their goal was the creation of an independent state on the territory of Ottoman Turkey, and the methods of achieving this goal were simple and effective: the seizure of banks, the murder of officials, explosions and similar acts of terrorism.

It is clear how the government reacted to such actions. But the situation was aggravated by the national factor, and the entire Armenian population had to answer for the actions of the Dashnak militants - they called themselves fedains. In different parts of the Ottoman Empire, unrest broke out every now and then, which ended in pogroms and massacres of Armenians.

Between 1909 and 1913 "Unity and Progress" activists rejected the idea of multi-ethnic Ottoman state and sought to create a culturally and ethnically homogeneous Turkish society. The large Armenian population of Eastern Anatolia was a demographic obstacle to achieving this goal.

The Ottoman regime pursued the goal of strengthening the military positions of the country and financing of the "Turkishization" of Anatolia by confiscating the property of killed or deported Armenians. The possibility of property redistribution also stimulated broad masses of ordinary people to participate in attacks on their neighbors. Many residents of the Ottoman Empire considered Armenians to be well-to-do people, but in fact, a significant part of the Armenian population lived in poverty.

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(1)Asians in America were getting shot, injured or killed by Americans left and right for being 'Chinese'

(2)Asian hate survivors had suffered severe mental health problem, such as PTSD, anxiety, depression

(3)Asian were not able to find a job, or got fired by their work, simply for being Asian.

(4)Victims were afraid to leave their home due to the fear of getting beaten again or even killed.

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Native Americans and the Indian Wars

Since the arrival of Europeans 500 years ago, Native Americans have experienced trauma, genocide, forcibly migrating, exclusion and general discrimination. This has led to poor health compared to the White Americans. (Findling et al., 2019)

Particular areas where they experience disparities are in health care and the justice system. These issues of discrimination and harassment are systematic and untreated.

The Indian Wars were fought over territory of the U.S., throughout these wars the natives experienced, massacres and forcibly being relegated to reservations.

Native Americans from Alaska and the states were re-educated with white settler American values in residential school systems.

The Europeans produced media such as books, drama, and toys to portray the Native Americans as violent savages.

The perception of Native Americans being violent can be dated as early as 1591.

Findling, M. G., Casey, L. S., Fryberg, S. A., Hafner, S., Blendon, R. J., Benson, J. M., Sayde, J. M., & Miller, C. (2019). Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Native Americans. Health Services Research, 54(S2), 1431–1441. [online]. Available at: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1475-6773.13224 [Accesssed: 18 November, 2021]

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The Nanjing massacre, also known as the 🤬 of Nanjing which took place on the 13th of december 1937 and ended very shortly after in January 1938 was committed by Japanese troops.

This racially motivated massacre wasn't over a long period of time however the deaths were extremely high ranging from 50,000 to 300,000 deaths in only 6 weeks, with all of them being residents of the Chinese capital at the time.

The japanese troops entered Nanjing and killed soldiers as well as civilians, raped the women and demolished more than a third of the buildings of the city and even more from surrounding areas.

Nanjing took decades to get back up after this terrible massacre. Anger over this incident is still carried by many Chinese people to this day over japan.

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Timmy, Kirsten, Michelle
With coronavirus appearing and becoming a global pandemic, since the virus was allegedly originated in China, so therefore Asians were taking blame for it.

A  65 years old woman was admitted to hospital with serious injuries, she knocked to the ground and repeatedly kicked outside a luxury New York City apartment building as staff members appeared to watch without coming to her aid nor appeared to help. The men reportedly kicked her stomach, causing her to fall to the ground, then stomped the woman's head multiple times.

"The victim sustained a serious physical injury and was removed by EMS to NYU Langone Hospital," according to the NYC Police.

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(1) Trump called Covid-19 the 'China Virus', causing Right-Wing followers to publically shame and violate Asians for their race.

(2) Anti-Asian hate crime in USA increased by 150% in 2020 alone.

(3) The deadly Covid-19 virus continues to 'unleash a tsunami of hate & xenophobia, scapegoating and scare-mongering'. (Human Rights Watch, 2020)

(4) Close to 3800 Asians were reported to be badly injured due to Anti-Asian Movement, with 68% being Asian Females & 29% being Asian Males.

(5) Asian Americans were laid off by companies for their 'own safety' or simply due to their supervisors own prejudices.

(6) The mental health issues of Asians rose drastically. (PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, etc...)

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Marwa, Ose, Zhanna and Amina- Armenian Genocide

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Marwa, Ose, Zhanna and Amina- Armenian Genocide

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1) Mass Killings - It is estimated that up to 1.5 million Armenians were killed in the hands of the ottoman empire ( Now Turkey).
2) A little publication- Even though the Armenian Genocide and what is going on in Armenia haven't gotten the attention they deserve, certain Armenian celebrities, such as the Kardashians, use their platforms to spread the word.
3) Denial- Azerbaijan and Turkey are the only two countries that openly reject the Ottoman government's role in the extermination of the Armenian community. Turkey has taken a significantly more forceful stance against genocide denial, threatening legal action and calling academic research regarding the Armenian Genocide into doubt.

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Uyghur Muslim genocide in China.
Human rights groups believe China has detained more than one million Uyghurs against their will over the past few years in a large network of what the state calls "re-education camps", and sentenced hundreds of thousands to prison terms.
There is also evidence that Uyghurs are being used as forced labour and of women being forcibly sterilised. Some former camp detainees have also alleged they were tortured and sexually abused.
The Chinese government claims that the camps are vocational training centres and that they are combating extremism. In reality, this is a human rights crisis. Uyghur families are torn apart, as parents are sent to the camps and children are taken away to state orphanages.

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Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire (Zhanna, Marwa, Aliyah, Ose)

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Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Empire (Zhanna, Marwa, Aliyah, Ose)

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Purity , Hannin, Nora, Chantal Apathied Laws

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Purity , Hannin, Nora, Chantal Apathied Laws

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Aparthied legislation Established by the South African government, the motives were to recognise people and stereotype them into their respective groups;
The population  registration act
The mixed marriages act
The group areas act
The blacks were forced to move to the rural areas, deprived of voting, low earning salaries

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1. Increased racism (whites continued to feel superior over non whites)
2. Decreased opportunity for non whites (during apartheid period non whites did not get a chance to gain access to the same opportunities as the whites) (Bantu educational act)
3. Increased violence
4. Increased poverty and unemployment
5. Increased. health concerns

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the society's stereotype of Jews in nazi Germany  - Dalia, Naomi, Alkawthar

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the society's stereotype of Jews in nazi Germany  - Dalia, Naomi, Alkawthar

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in Nazi Germany Jews weren't consider as "real human" they were viewed as uneducated and "Untermensch", which have lead to a strong prejudice and discrimination against them, from the holocaust to inequality with having their "civil rights"

Jewish people were removed from public office and professions – civil servants, lawyers and teachers were sacked.

Jewish people were denied the right to be German citizens

Jewish children were denied education and banned from schools

Almost 100 Jewish people were killed and 30,000 were sent to concentration camps.

....and much more

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1- there are so many people had to live their houses and immigrate to another countries like Tanzania and Uganda.

2-more than 800,000 civilians, primarily Tutsi, were killed. As many as 2,000,000 Rwandans

3-one quarter of all adult survivors suffered from PTSD, depression and anxiety, reflecting the serious mental health situation as well as the long-term consequences of massive violence even 16 years following.

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BLM protests in america and all over the world during the 2020 pandemic

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BLM protests in america and all over the world during the 2020 pandemic

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George Floyd's death sparked an uproar all over the world as many countries followed the steps of protesting americans to spread awareness about the murder and gain enough attention to cause a reform in the american police system.

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Mass loss of lives due to cultural indifferences so many families were decimated multiple communities destroyed. Many fled the Hutu ethnic group perpetrators many were disgraced if their crimes as well as vicious ideology. Many displaced within the country. 75,000 children displaced due to the death of both parents the cause of the genocide which was the Hutus believed the Tutsi didn’t deserve and deemed themselves higher and the grater tribe looking down on the Hutus which sparked the violence.

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1. racism - the victims were discriminated against due to racism becoming a norm during the apartheid period
2. psychological disorders - trauma associated with the discrimination and harsh treatment of victims (the stunted brain-development and behavioral effects)
3. Increase in health concerns (HIV, TB etc) - the non whites were unable to access healthcare therefore some now live with life long diseases)
4. Poverty - nonwhites unable to obtain jobs. or start businesses therefore after the apartheid system they. found it harder to make an income
5. generational victimhood

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The murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis in May 2020 sparked the country's greatest racial justice protests since the Civil Rights Movement. However, the movement had an impact well beyond the United States' boundaries, inspiring a worldwide confrontation with racism.Black activists saw Floyd's death as a symbol of the intolerance and injustice they face at home.

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The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994, and it took only 100 days to slaughter almost 800,000 people. This genocide was caused by the division between Hutu Rwandans, which were the majority (85%) and Tutsi Rwandans, which were the minority group in the nation.

In 1959, The Hutu overthrew the Tutsi Monarchy, leading to the fled of many Tutsis. In 1990, a group of Tutsi exiles established the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which invaded Rwanda and fought until a peace agreement was reached in 1993.

A jet carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana and his Burundi counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira, which are both Hutus, was shot down on the night of April 6, 1994, killing everyone on board.

This led to Hutu Extremists blaming the RPF for this crime, and this led them to plan out an extreme slaughter of all Tutsis in the nation.

Citation:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-26875506

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In just 100 days in 1994, about 800,000 people were slaughtered in Rwanda by ethnic Hutu extremists. They were targeting members of the minority Tutsi community, as well as their political opponents, irrespective of their ethnic origin.

Warning: Contains graphic images.

How did the genocide start?

About 85% of Rwandans are Hutus but the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country. In 1959, the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi monarchy and tens of thousands of Tutsis fled to neighbouring countries, including Uganda.

A group of Tutsi exiles formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which invaded Rwanda in 1990 and fighting continued until a 1993 peace deal was agreed.

On the night of 6 April 1994 a plane carrying then-President Juvenal Habyarimana, and his counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi - both Hutus - was shot down, killing everyone on board.

Hutu extremists blamed the RPF and immediately started a well-organised campaign of slaughter. The RPF said the plane had been shot down by Hutus to provide an excuse for the genocide.

With meticulous organisation. Lists of government opponents were handed out to militias who went and killed them, along with all of their families.

Neighbours killed neighbours and some husbands even killed their Tutsi wives, saying they would be killed if they refused.

At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered, often with machetes which most Rwandans kept around the house.

Thousands of Tutsi women were taken away and kept as sex slaves.

Why was it so vicious?

Rwanda has always been a tightly controlled society, organised like a pyramid from each district up to the top of government. The then-governing party, MRND, had a youth wing called the Interahamwe, which was turned into a militia to carry out the slaughter.

Weapons and hit-lists were handed out to local groups, who knew exactly where to find their targets.

The Hutu extremists set up a radio station, RTLM, and newspapers which circulated hate propaganda, urging people to "weed out the cockroaches" meaning kill the Tutsis. The names of prominent people to be killed were read out on radio.

Even priests and nuns have been convicted of killing people, including some who sought shelter in churches.

By the end of the 100-day killing spree, around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus had been killed.

The UN and Belgium had forces in Rwanda but the UN mission was not given a mandate to stop the killing.

A year after US troops were killed in Somalia, the US was determined not to get involved in another African conflict. The Belgians and most UN peacekeepers pulled out after 10 Belgian soldiers were killed.

The French, who were allies of the Hutu government, sent a special force to evacuate their citizens and later set up a supposedly safe zone but were accused of not doing enough to stop the slaughter in that area.

Paul Kagame, Rwanda's current president, has accused France of backing those who carried out the massacres - a charge denied by Paris.

How did it end?

The well-organised RPF, backed by Uganda's army, gradually seized more territory, until 4 July 1994, when its forces marched into the capital, Kigali.

Some two million Hutus - both civilians and some of those involved in the genocide - then fled across the border into the Democratic Republic of Congo, at the time called Zaire, fearing revenge attacks. Others went to neighbouring Tanzania and Burundi.

Human rights groups say RPF fighters killed thousands of Hutu civilians as they took power - and more after they went into DR Congo to pursue the Interahamwe. The RPF denies this.

In DR Congo, thousands died from cholera, while aid groups were accused of letting much of their assistance fall into the hands of the Hutu militias.

What happened in DR Congo?

The RPF, now in power in Rwanda, embraced militias fighting both the Hutu militias and the Congolese army, which was aligned with the Hutus.

The Rwanda-backed rebel groups eventually marched on DR Congo's capital, Kinshasa, and overthrew the government of Mobutu Sese Seko, installing Laurent Kabila as president.

But the new president's reluctance to tackle Hutu militias led to a new war that dragged in six countries and led to the creation of numerous armed groups fighting for control of this mineral-rich country.

An estimated five million people died as a result of the conflict which lasted until 2003, with some armed groups active until now in the areas near Rwanda's border.

Has anyone faced justice?

Instead, the UN Security Council established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the Tanzanian town of Arusha to prosecute the ringleaders.

A total of 93 people were indicted and after lengthy and expensive trials, dozens of senior officials in the former regime were convicted of genocide - all of them Hutus.

Within Rwanda, community courts, known as gacaca, were created to speed up the prosecution of hundreds of thousands of genocide suspects awaiting trial.

Correspondents say up to 10,000 people died in prison before they could be brought to justice.

For a decade until 2012, 12,000 gacaca courts met once a week in villages across the country, often outdoors in a marketplace or under a tree, trying more than 1.2 million cases.

Their aim was to achieve truth, justice and reconciliation among Rwandans as "gacaca" means to sit down and discuss an issue.

What is Rwanda like now?

President Kagame has been hailed for transforming the tiny, devastated country he took over through policies which encouraged rapid economic growth. He has also tried to turn Rwanda into a technological hub and is very active on Twitter.

But his critics say he does not tolerate dissent and several opponents have met unexplained deaths, both in the country and abroad.

The genocide is obviously still a hugely sensitive issue in Rwanda, and it is illegal to talk about ethnicity.

The government says this is to prevent hate speech and more bloodshed but some say it prevents true reconciliation.

Charges of stirring up ethnic hatred have been levelled against some of Mr Kagame's critics, which they say is a way of sidelining them.

He won a third term in office in the most recent election in 2017 with 98.63% of the vote.

All photographs belong to the copyright holders as marked

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In just 100 days in 1994, about 800,000 people were slaughtered in Rwanda by ethnic Hutu extremists. They were targeting members of the minority Tutsi community, as well as their political opponents, irrespective of their ethnic origin. Warning: Contains graphic images. How did the genocide start?

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- In Germany from 1933 to 1939, during the Nazi regime, the Jewish in particular were targeted. They were believed to have been responsible for the county's defeat in WW1 Many anti-Jewish measures were taken in Germany.

- Hitler made use of propaganda and fear tactics to rid Germany of the Jews. Jewish people were imprisoned, attacked, forced to shut down their businesses and, had their homes broken into.

- Eventually the Jews tried to boycott German goods as a form of protest, however, this failed and instead gave the nazis an excuse to take more action against Jewish people. 1,445 laws, policies, and decrees were set up to remove the jews from Germany economically, socially and politically.

- Between 1939 and 1945, mass killing centres known as concentration camps, were used to carry out the systematic murders of up to 6 million jews. This event was called the holocaust

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It caused the premeditated mass murder of millions of innocent civilians. Driven by a racist ideology that regarded Jews as “parasitic vermin” worthy only of eradication, the Nazis implemented genocide on an unprecedented scale. They slated all of Europe's Jews for destruction: the sick and the healthy, the rich and the poor, the religiously orthodox and converts to Christianity, the aged and the young, even infants. About two out of every three Jews living in Europe before the war were killed in the Holocaust. When world war 2 ended in 1945, 6 million European Jews were dead (more than one million were children). The Nazis defined Jews as a “race.” Regarding the Jewish religion as irrelevant, the Nazis attributed a wide variety of negative stereotypes about Jews and Jewish behavior to an unchanging biologically determined heritage that drove the “Jewish race” like other races, to struggle to survive by expansion at the expense of other races.

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Apartheid in South Africa - the segregation between the black and white people (discrimination against the non whites)

Apartheid (“apartness” in the language of Afrikaans) was a system of legislation that upheld segregationist policies against non-white citizens of South Africa.

After the National Party gained power in South Africa in 1948, its all-white government immediately began enforcing existing policies of racial segregation.

Under apartheid, nonwhite South Africans would be forced to live in separate areas from whites and use separate public facilities (schools,bus stops, bathrooms etc)