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These two forces are called action and reaction forces and are the subject of Newton's third law of motion. Formally stated, Newton's third law is: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement means that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects.

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Newton's second law of motion can be formally stated as follows: The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

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Isaac Newton's first law of motion, also known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by unbalanced force.

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The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass. For most purposes Newton's laws of gravity apply, with minor modifications to take the general theory of relativity into account.

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The weight of an object is the force of gravity on the object and may be defined as the mass times the acceleration of gravity.

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Speed is a way of measuring how quickly something is moving or being done, or something moving fast.

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Velocity is a physical vector quantity; both magnitude and direction are needed to define it.

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Is defined as the rate of change or derivative with respect to time of velocity.

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A coherent, typically large body of matter with no definite shape.

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trength or energy as an attribute of physical action or movement.