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Paul Robeson was a famous actor during the Harlem Renaissance. Paul practiced law in New York, but ended up being so disgusted by the racism that he faced while being a lawyer and quit. This is when he decided to pursue acting full time. Paul acted in many ground breaking roles that were usually reserved for white actors. Robeson became very passionate about civil rights and ended up being blacklisted in the 1950's due to his movement in communism.

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Photographer James Van Der Zee captured middle class life in Harlem in the 1920's and 1930's, and on wards for a total of 50 years.

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Duke Ellington - It don't mean a thing (1943)

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Zora attended Barnard College in New York in 1925, when the renaissance was in full swing and her writing became popular in the movement quickly.

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Established the Harmon Foundation which goes on to become one of the largest patrons of African American artist during the Harlem Renaissance; helping out artists such as Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen.

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On March 19, 1935, a race riot broke out in Harlem, after 16 year old Lino Rivera was stopped for stealing from Kress Five and Ten store. The police were called but the store owners decided not to press charges. Police led him away through the back exit of the store but when he disappeared with a cop, the gathered crowd assumed he would beat the boy. The rumors spread until people believed he had been killed by police, although no harm had come to him.

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Bessie, the Empress of the Blues, was one of the highest paid African American entertainers during the renaissance

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Jazz singer Ethel Waters rose from extreme poverty to become one of the most celebrated vocalists of the Harlem Renaissance.
Ethel recorded more than 50 hit songs during the 1930's.

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Billie Holiday               The Blues are Brewin'

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Billie Holiday               The Blues are Brewin'

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Was one of the originators of big-band jazz! He was the band leader at the Cotton Club. Originally from Washington D.C., Ellington moved to New York as jazz became the dominant from of music during the Harlem Renaissance.

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Was one of the most popular jazz clubs of the Harlem Renaissance. Opened in 1925, the club was owned by an African-American man and welcomed both white and black customers, making it one of the only integrated clubs in Harlem. Small's Paradise is known for popularizing the Charleston style of swing dance.

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He attended the Cookman Institute, in Jacksonville, with his brothers. After graduating he began to sing, act and read.
In 1911, he moved to New York City and joined the Socialist Party. Randolph contributed to African American rights beyond editing a magazine in Harlem, New York. He became a widely known spokesman, and founded a League against military segregation in the army.

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Droning a drowsy syncopated tune,
Rocking back and forth to a mellow croon,
I heard a Negro play.
Down on Lenox Avenue the other night
By the pale dull pallor of an old gas light
He did a lazy sway . . .
He did a lazy sway . . .
To the tune o’ those Weary Blues.
With his ebony hands on each ivory key
He made that poor piano moan with melody.
O Blues!
Swaying to and fro on his rickety stool
He played that sad raggy tune like a musical fool.
Sweet Blues!
Coming from a black man’s soul.
O Blues!
In a deep song voice with a melancholy tone
I heard that Negro sing, that old piano moan—
“Ain’t got nobody in all this world,
Ain’t got nobody but ma self.
I’s gwine to quit ma frownin’
And put ma troubles on the shelf.”

Thump, thump, thump, went his foot on the floor.
He played a few chords then he sang some more—
“I got the Weary Blues
And I can’t be satisfied.
Got the Weary Blues
And can’t be satisfied—

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Was a magazine established by W.E.B Du Bois, a major advocate for black rights during the Harlem Renaissance, and throughout history. Du Bois was able to talk about many things in the magazine, such as Jim Crow Laws, lynching, and other inequalities that African Americans faced at the time. It was circulated more, such issues were brought to the public, more so than they ever had been before.

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Marcus Garvey was a leading intellectual during the Harlem Renaissance. Garvey became known as a rising “black Moses”, had gained roughly 2 million followers. Garvey’s teachings included the idea that African Americans would only be respected if they were strong, economically, and so as a result, he created chains of restaurants, hotels, laundries, a printing press, and much more for the black people in the United States.

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Night clubs were places of refuge for African-Americans during the Harlem Renaissance. In the clubs they could enjoy music and swing dance.

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Duke Ellington                 Take the A Train

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Duke Ellington                 Take the A Train

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Billy "Bonjangles" Robinson                Dancer

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Billy "Bonjangles" Robinson                Dancer

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The famous tap-dancer Bill "Bonjangles" Robinson became famous with his role in Blackbirds of 1928, and all- black musical on Boradway. Today he is most famous for dancing with Shirley Temple in a series of films during the 1930's.

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Josephine baker was a dancer, singer actress and comedian. She was the first African American performer to break free of racial offense. She is known to audiences in both Europe and the United States, she is known as “Black Venus”, “Black Pearl” and Creole Goddess because of her audiences and beauty.

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Douglas was a Harlem Renaissance artist whose work best exemplified the 'New Negro' philosophy. He painted murals for public buildings and produced illustrations and cover designs for many black publications including The Crisis and Opportunity.

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Wallace had many employments such as ghost writer, a publisher, an editor and a writer of novels, plays and articles. He became editor of The Messenger, a socialist journal aimed at blacks. He became the first to publish the adult-themed stories of Langston Hughes. Thurman left The Messenger to become editor of a white-owned magazine World tomorrow.

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He was a writer, whose pieces ranged from novels, to plays. He wrote short stories, children’s books, translations, and anthologies as well. However, his most well known pieces were his poems. In 1922, he dropped out of Columbia and began to spend every waking moment in Harlem, supporting himself on odd jobs and writing. His writing reflected the idea that black culture should be celebrated, because it is just as valuable as white culture. He advocated many of these beliefs beliefs in  his pieces.

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Jacob Lawrence was the first mainstream African American artist. Lawrence is best known for his "Migration" series or paintings, where he shows the migration of blacks from Africa, to the United States.

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Lois Jones attended the School of Museum of Fine Art, Boston, during a time of strong discrimination against African Americans. She entered her works into exhibitions that did not recognize African American artist by having white friends deliver the paintings.

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One of the most famous musicians of the Harlem Renaissance was Louis Armstrong. Having come from a poor family in New Orleans, Armstrong began to perform with bands in small clubs, and play at funerals and parades around town in New Orleans. Armstrong moved to New York City, and began playing his music with the Fletcher Henderson Orchestra at the Roseland Ballroom. In 1929, he made his first appearance on the Broadway stage.

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Born William Henry Webb, know as Chick Webb was and American jazz ad swing music drummer. At the age of 17 he move to New York City and began leading his own band in Harlem. His band became the house band at the Savoy Ballroom. He became one of the best-regarded band leader and drummers of the new “Swing” style. At the Savory in “Battle of the Bands” Chicks often won and was deemed “King of Swing.”

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During the 1950’s Billie Holiday rose as a social phenomenon.  She was one of the first black women to work with a white orchestra. A musical legend Billie Holiday died at the age of 44. She pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo.

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Marcus Garvey wanted to teach black religion and ideals to his fellow African-Americans. Marchers in the UNIA parades carried this painting of the "Ethiopian Christ" as an example how they wanted to reincorporate their heritage into whitewashed histories.

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In 1920, UNIA organized a month of conferences, marches, and parades during what Garvey called the First International Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World. During the first convention, the UNIA adopted the Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, one of the first human rights declarations.

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Harlem became home to a large African-American population in a confluence of events: In the early 1900s, black churches began to move farther up town, bringing their congregations with them. A housing crash around the same time led real estate companies to bring in African-American families searching for cheaper housing and at the same time, over 400,000 black people migrated from the violently racist.

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In 1919, the highly decorated all African-American 369th Infantry Regiment returned to Harlem after World War 1. While they were treated as heroes in France, back home, African-American soldiers continued to be treated poorly. The movement was characterized not just by its most famous artistic outpouring, but by the first attempts at housing reform for poor black people.

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A flag announcing the lynching of an African-American man hangs out of the window of the NAACP headquarters at 69 Fifth Avenue.
The practice of announcing lynchings began in 1920, but under threat of losing their lease, the NAACP was forced to stop in 1938.

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The Silent Parade in 1917, which was more than10,000 African-Americans protested lynching, and anti-black violence. The protest was meant to encourage then-President Woodrow Wilson to enact anti-lynching laws, which he failed to do. The parade was one of the first instances of all black demonstrations for civil rights.