# data[].attributes.body
cold war

# data[].attributes.body
long march

# data[].attributes.body
Tiananmen square

# data[].attributes.body
former boxers
formed political group
founder Sun Yet Sen
goal was to get rid of foriegn

# data[].attributes.body
founder of Chinese nationalists
died 1925

# data[].attributes.body
led by Mao Zedong
united communists with the long march

# data[].attributes.body
fled to Formosa /taiwan
republic of china

# data[].attributes.body
1927-1940
chinese nationalists v.s. chinese communists
goal was to get rid of foreign people

# data[].attributes.headline
7. What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.subject
7. What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.body
Examples of independence movements and subsequent development efforts

West Africa: Peaceful transition

Algeria: War of Independence from

France
• Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle

under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta• South Africa: Black South Africans’

struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa

# data[].attributes.headline
6. What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.subject
6. What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.body
The independence movement in Africa

Essential Skills

The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.

Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after World War II?

• Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b)

What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya?

• Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa?

• Pride in African cultures and heritage• Resentment of imperial rule and

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

History and Social Science Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework 2008: World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to the Present

49

economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain,

France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War

Examples of independence movements and subsequent development efforts

West Africa: Peaceful transition

Algeria: War of Independence from

France
• Kenya (Britain): Violent struggle

under leadership of Jomo Kenyatta• South Africa: Black South Africans’

struggle against apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, who became the first black president of the Republic of South Africa

# data[].attributes.headline
5. Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after WWII? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.subject
5. Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after WWII? (WHII.14b)

# data[].attributes.body
he independence movement in Africa

Essential Skills

The charter of the United Nations guaranteed colonial populations the right to self-determination. Independence movements in Africa challenged European imperialism.

Why did independence movements in Africa gain success after World War II?

• Right to self-determination (U.N. charter)

Use maps, globes, artifacts, and pictures to analyze the physical and cultural landscapes of the world and to interpret the past. (WHII.1b)

What was Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership role in Kenya?

• Peaceful and violent revolutions after World War II

What was Nelson Mandela’s leadership role in South Africa?

• Pride in African cultures and heritage• Resentment of imperial rule and

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

History and Social Science Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework 2008: World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to the Present

49

economic exploitation
• Loss of colonies by Great Britain,

France, Belgium, and Portugal; influence of superpower rivalry during the Cold War

# data[].attributes.headline
4. What were the outcomes of the Indian independence movement? (WHII.14a)

# data[].attributes.subject
4. What were the outcomes of the Indian independence movement? (WHII.14a)

# data[].attributes.body
Indian democracy

• Jawaharlal Nehru, a close associate of Gandhi, supported western-style industrialization.

• 1950 Constitution sought to prohibit caste discrimination.

• Ethnic and religious differences caused problems in the development of India as a democratic nation.

• New economic development has helped to ease financial problems of the nation.

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3. Who was a leader of the Indian independence movement and what tactics did he use? (WHII.14a)

# data[].attributes.subject
3. Who was a leader of the Indian independence movement and what tactics did he use? (WHII.14a)

# data[].attributes.body
Evolution of the Indian independence movement

British rule in India

Indian National Congress

Leadership of Mohandas Gandhi

Role of civil disobedience and passive

resistance
• Political division along Hindu-Muslim lines —

Pakistan/India
• Republic of India

–  World’s largest democratic nation

–  Federal system, giving many powers to the

states

# data[].attributes.headline
2. What roles did Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping play in major events in the second half of the 20th Century? (WHII.13d)

# data[].attributes.subject
2. What roles did Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping play in major events in the second half of the 20th Century? (WHII.13d)

# data[].attributes.body
Indira Gandhi

Essential Skills

World leaders made major contributions to events in the second half of the twentieth century.

What roles did Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Deng Xiaoping play in major events in the second half of the twentieth century?

• Closer relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold War

Identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources to make generalizations about events and life in world history. (WHII.1a)

History and Social Science Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework 2008: World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to the Present

47

• Developed nuclear program

Margaret Thatcher

British prime minister

Free trade and less government

regulation of business
• Close relationship with United States

and U.S. foreign policy
• Assertion of United Kingdom’s

military power

Mikhail Gorbachev

Glasnost and perestroika

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Last president of Soviet Union

Deng Xiaoping

• Reformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid economic growth

• Continued communist control of government

# data[].attributes.headline
1. How did the Cold War influence conflicts in Eastern Asia after WWII? (WHII.13c)

# data[].attributes.subject
1. How did the Cold War influence conflicts in Eastern Asia after WWII? (WHII.13c)

# data[].attributes.body
Conflicts and revolutionary movements in China
• Division of China into two nations at

History and Social Science Standards of Learning Curriculum Framework 2008: World History and Geography: 1500 A.D. (C.E.) to the Present

46

the end of the Chinese civil war• Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi):

Identify and compare contemporary political boundaries with the locations of civilizations, empires, and kingdoms. (WHII.1d)

Nationalist China (island of Taiwan)• Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong):

Analyze trends in human migration and cultural interaction. (WHII.1e)

Communist China (mainland China)• Continuing conflict between the two

Chinas
• Communist China’s participation in

Korean War

Conflicts and revolutionary movements in Vietnam

Role of French Imperialism

Leadership of Ho Chi Minh

Vietnam as a divided nation

Influence of policy of containment

The United States and the Vietnam

War
• Vietnam as a reunited communist

country today