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This is the link to a padlet explaining Piaget's theory and how it influences a teacher in a second grade classroom.

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Vygotsky's theory stressed the role social interaction plays on Cognitive development. Vygotsky believes that there is a huge correlation between culture on cognitive development. This contradicts Piaget's theory that there are specific stages of development and believes that children will adapt and learn from the world and culture around them. Vygotsky believes that there should be a greater emphasis on the role of language in cognitive development. Meaning that thought and language are developed separately and then eventually merge. Lastly, according to Vygotsky adults are an important source of cognitive development.

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Vygotsky's theory that children learn from social interaction and collaboration with others. Meaning that a child can hear or watch someone else do something and then do it themselves because they watched or heard it happen.

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This is an example of how social construction of meaning can be used in my second grade classroom. This is how I will be able to allow students to learn from each other and develop reading, writing, and social skills. Students go through several levels of learning with this. For example, they could start by reading as a class so that the teacher can then break them into groups where they collaborate on different projects together to help create a deeper understanding of an objective.

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Collaborative Literacy builds strong readers and writers, creates communities in which students grow, and helps teachers deepen their pedagogical expertise as they teach.

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Mediated learning is the subtle social interaction between teacher and student in the enrichment of the students learning experience. This concept could be compared to coaching. The teachers job when using this is to coach the student along instead of the 'spoon feeding' approach. The teacher simply guides the child to discover their own way of learning. This approach is thought to help students retain information better because they struggled more to get there, however they were still assisted when it was necessary.

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Mediated learning is all about the teacher or mediator encouraging, instructing, and empowering the students learning. This is the idea that if you give kids the basic concepts they need to learn and then coach them through the rest of it they will learn and retain information best.

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The Shift from Engaging Students to Empowering Learners

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Internalization is an individuals acceptance of a set of norms and values established by others through socialization. In education this is how a learner is affected by attitudes, values, standards, and the opinions of others. There are three steps to this theory:
1.) imitation without understanding
2.) Self guiding
3.) Internalization
With this theory a student learns something by watching and trying to imitate and then end up learning from that and eventually gets to the point where the student can complete a task without even thinking about it.

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Inner speech is a form of internalized, self directed dialogue: talking to oneself in silence. The phrase inner speech was used to describe a stage in language acquisition and the process of thought. Overall this means when children take things they learn or hear and think about them in their head.

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Scaffolding is a process in which teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem, and then step back, offering support as needed.

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Instructional Scaffolding:
1.) Modeling: a math concept is taught with one set of numbers, then a student is given a new problem with similar numbers for them to work out.
2.) Think aloud: a science concept is taught where the teacher is writing on the board and is verbalizing his or her thinking at the same time.
3.) Questions: a history concept is taught and the teacher stops after key points to ask students questions to check for deeper understanding or for the students to apply the topics to their own lives.
4.) Adapting Instructional materials: a physical education teacher teaches shooting techniques for basketball while the hoop is lower and then raises it as students skills start to improve to challenge them.

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The Zone of proximal development helps teachers to be able to differentiate between what a student knows and can achieve on their own and what a student needs guidance and coaching with in order to achieve a task.

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A student is able to preform addition while working with a teacher on each problem, but can not do it on their own. The idea on the zone of proximal development is to give the student tools to use when solving the problem instead of the teacher working through each problem with them. For example, counting on their fingers or using math manipulative or drawing a picture.

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Vygotsky believes that coming from different backgrounds can effect your learning. He stated that the environment in which children grow up in will influence how they think and what they think about. This can affect education because having a class profile can help teachers better differentiate for their students.